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Andi Adriansyah
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Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mercu Buana Jl. Raya Meruya Selatan, Kembangan, Jakarta 11650 Tlp./Fax: +62215871335
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INDONESIA
Sinergi
Published by Universitas Mercu Buana
ISSN : 14102331     EISSN : 24601217     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
SINERGI is a peer-reviewed international journal published three times a year in February, June, and October. The journal is published by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana. Each publication contains articles comprising high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, review papers, and literature reviews that are closely related to the fields of Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Industrial, Civil, and Architecture). The theme of the paper is focused on new industrial applications and energy development that synergize with global, green and sustainable technologies. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The journal has been indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, BASE, and EBSCO.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 588 Documents
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Towards low-carbon ammonia: simulation and economic evaluation of blue ammonia with carbon utilization Vibianti Dwi Pratiwi; Sukmawati Kunup; Nada Rahma Aulia; Helmi Sayid Hasan; Jono Suhartono
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.021

Abstract

The proposed blue ammonia production considers technical, environmental, and economic aspects. The design of the blue ammonia using CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) technology in this study contributes to reducing carbon emissions and providing a more environmentally friendly ammonia supply in East Java, Indonesia, due to the availability of raw materials and geological storage locations for CO2 storage. Technically, the blue ammonia production was simulated with Aspen Hysys V.14.0. uses the Kellogg process, where the ammonia converter operates at a temperature of 437.60 °C and a pressure of 141.9 bar. From the environmental aspect, as much as 68.34 tons/h of ammonia produced produces CO2 71.36 tons/h, which is a total emission of 1.06 tons CO2/ tons NH3. In this study, CO2 delivery with a pipe length of 85 km  (ID:539.8mm; OD: 558.7mm) was simulated using default parameters in Aspen Hysys V.14.0. In economic calculations from APEA (Aspen Process Economic Analyzer), the manufacture of blue ammonia designed in this study is very large, with a TAC (Total Annual Cost) of $82.25x106/year and an LCOA (Levelized Cost of Ammonia) of $93.28x108/ tons NH3. This study demonstrates the integration of CCUS technology into ammonia production, resulting in a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 1.06 tons CO₂ per ton of ammonia produced. The proposed system provides a practical approach for improving the environmental sustainability of industrial chemical processes.
Use of activated carbon from NiO modified Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic bottle waste to optimize natural gas storage in Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) technology Yuliusman Yuliusman; Athaya Khanza Kamilia; Anggi Nugroho Utomo; Nasruddin Nasruddin
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.022

Abstract

Storage and transportation of natural gas are major challenges in optimizing energy use. To overcome the challenges, Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) technology offers a promising alternative for increasing storage capacity at lower pressures. Therefore, this study aims to explore the efficiency of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles converted into activated carbon through pre-treatment, carbonization, chemical activation with 4 M KOH, and physical activation using N₂ flow. Modification of activated carbon was carried out using NiO metal impregnation at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% to enhance adsorption performance. The results of characterization using iodine number, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the 2% NiO-impregnated sample had the highest surface area of 997.65 m²/g. Natural gas adsorption and desorption testing showed that this material achieved the maximum storage capacity of 138.9 g/kg at 28°C and 9 bar, with superior performance compared to non-impregnated samples and several previously reported ANG adsorbents. These results showed that combining NiO modification with KOH-activated PET waste improved methane uptake beyond commercial activated carbons and provided an environmentally sustainable solution for plastic waste valorization. 
Comparative analysis of EEG pre-processing in ASD using Hanning and Blackman Harris filters Melinda Melinda; Buleun Waladah; Yunidar Yunidar; Raudhatul Mahfuzha; Syahrul Gazali; Siti Rusdiana; Nurlida Basir
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.023

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of two Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter designs based on the Hanning and Blackman-Harris windows for preprocessing electroencephalography (EEG) signals collected from both neurotypical individuals and those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). EEG signals were recorded using a 16-channel setup and band-pass filtered between 0.5 and 40 Hz to isolate relevant neural activity. Subsequently, the signals were processed independently using each FIR filter type. Performance evaluation was conducted using four quantitative metrics: Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Power Spectral Density (PSD). The Hanning window filter showed MAE values ranging from 0.079 to 0.325, MSE from 0.026 to 0.177, SNR between 7.56 and 15.86 dB, and PSD values from 5.3 to 9.08 × 10⁻³. These results demonstrate good noise attenuation while preserving signal morphology. In contrast, the Blackman-Harris window produced higher MAE (0.061–0.318) and MSE (0.019–0.172) but achieved significantly greater SNR improvements (7.77–17.4 dB) and tighter control over PSD (4.904 – 8.442 × 10⁻³), indicating superior noise suppression and reduced spectral leakage. A paired t-test confirmed that differences in all four performance metrics were statistically significant (p < 0.05) across both neurotypical and ASD subject groups. Despite the Hanning filter's computational simplicity, the Blackman-Harris filter demonstrated more robust performance, making it a more suitable choice for high-fidelity EEG signal analysis in clinical diagnostics and neuroscience research.  
Utilization of teak wood powder waste as eco-friendly filler in HRS-WC asphalt: a comparative analysis of dry and wet Marshall mix methods Machsus Machsus; Amalia Firdaus Mawardi; Rachmad Basuki; Achmad Faiz Hadi; Annizza Putri Islamey; Kornelius Sofinner Ndruru; Arkaan Fadhiilah Wirawan
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.024

Abstract

With the increasing demand for road durability driven by rapid economic development, innovative and sustainable approaches are essential to improve the strength and service life of road pavements. This study investigates the use of teak wood powder waste (TWPW) as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly filler material in Hot Rolled Sheet – Wearing Course (HRS-WC) asphalt mixtures. Utilizing bio-waste not only supports circular economic principles but also offers economic benefits by reducing reliance on conventional, more expensive fillers. The research evaluates various TWPW concentrations (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%) and their effects on key Marshall test parameters, including stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), Voids in Mix (VIM), and Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA). Samples were prepared using both dry and wet methods in accordance with Bina Marga (2018) specifications. The results indicate that the optimum filler content was 0.9% for the dry method (stability: 1042.68 kg) and 0.6% for the wet method (stability: 1161.14 kg). SEM analysis confirmed that filler dispersion significantly influences the internal structure and porosity of the mixture. At 0.3% and 0.6%, the filler was more evenly distributed, leading to improved compaction and mechanical performance. Conversely, agglomeration at 0.9% increased voids and reduced compaction quality. This study demonstrates that TWPW can serve as a viable low-cost filler alternative, maintaining pavement performance while reducing material costs and environmental impact. The findings support the adoption of sustainable waste utilization practices in road construction.
Stress-strain behavior and residual strength of Petobo sand with variable fines content under consolidated undrained triaxial loading Desiana Vidayanti; Paulus Pramono Rahardjo; Ramli Nazir
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.025

Abstract

Liquefaction was one of the primary causes of severe ground deformation during the 2018 Palu earthquake, particularly in the Petobo area, where large-scale flow liquefaction resulted in extensive ground displacement. Despite extensive field investigations, laboratory-based residual shear strength data for Petobo soil had not been available to explain the exceptional mobility of the flowslide. This study investigated the stress-strain response and post-liquefaction residual strength of Petobo silty sand with variable fines content using monotonic consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial tests. Reconstituted specimens were prepared using the moist tamping method with fines contents of approximately 9% and 26.4% and tested under three levels of initial mean effective stress. The results showed that specimens with higher fines content generated excess pore water pressure more rapidly and exhibited stronger contractive behavior at small strains. At large strains, however, both fines contents mobilized comparable residual strength levels, expressed as normalized residual strength ratios (qres/p’0) ranging from 0.79 to 0.94. These findings indicate that while fines content influenced early-stage contractive behavior and pore-pressure generation, its effect on post-liquefaction residual strength under very loose density conditions was limited. The residual shear resistance was primarily governed by the loose sand fabric and the effective stress level at the stabilized post-peak condition. This study provides the first laboratory-based residual shear strength data for Petobo silty sand, offering essential parameters for back-analysis, numerical modeling, and liquefaction hazard assessment related to flow-type deformation in Palu and similar alluvial environments. 
3D numerical investigation of roadway bridge response under hydrodynamic forces and local scour in stiff clay and sand foundations Nurul Shafrina Atika Saiful Nizam; Nordila Ahmad; Zuliziana Suif; Jestin Jelani
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.026

Abstract

Bridges are critical components of transportation networks but are highly vulnerable to failure during extreme flood events, particularly due to hydrodynamic forces and local scour. This study quantitatively evaluates the effects of flood velocity and scour depth on bridge pier displacement for two representative soil conditions: very stiff clay (Ground Type B) and medium-dense sand (Ground Type C). A 3D finite-element model incorporating non-linear p–y springs was developed in CSI Bridge to represent soil–structure interaction (SSI). A total of 192 simulations were performed across flood velocities of 2–16 m/s and scour depths ranging from 0DF to 2DF. The results show that pier displacement increases systematically with both velocity and scour, with medium-dense sand exhibiting up to 30% higher displacement than very stiff clay at severe flood conditions (0.07 m vs. 0.06 m). These findings highlight the importance of soil stiffness in governing pier response under extreme hydrodynamic loading. While the study does not address debris impact, flow directionality or additional hydraulic parameters, the outcomes provide valuable insight for improving foundation design and incorporating SSI considerations into flood-resilient bridge engineering.
Overestimation of load-resisting capacity in double-span welded steel beams: a comparative FEM study incorporating ductile damage and element deletion Nor Idahyu Mohd Zaman; Nur Ezzaryn Asnawi Subki; Yazmin Sahol Hamid; Hazrina Mansor
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.027

Abstract

The study investigates how different finite element modelling assumptions affect the predicted load-resisting behavior of welded beam-column connections in double-span steel beam systems subjected to column-removal scenarios. Existing numerical studies commonly neglect fracture and material degradation, which may result in unconservative estimates of structural capacity. To address this limitation, nonlinear static analyses were performed in ABAQUS using two simplified modelling approaches: (i) non-fracture models that exclude plasticity damage and element deletion, and (ii) fracture-based models that incorporate ductile damage criteria with element deletion. Structural responses were evaluated in terms of load-displacement relationships, moment-rotation behavior, and the development of tensile catenary action. The results indicate that accounting for plasticity damage and fracture significantly alters the predicted response, leading to markedly lower strength and deformation capacity compared to non-fracture models. In particular, the inclusion of fracture mechanisms resulted in an approximate 50% reduction in load-carrying capacity and catenary resistance. These findings demonstrate that neglecting fracture behavior can substantially overestimate the robustness of welded beam-column connections under extreme loading conditions. The study underscores the importance of structural performance in progressive collapse analyses. 
Modelling and analysis of rooftop PV as an energy optimization of flat roof and gable roof mounting system Handoko Rusiana Iskandar; Een Taryana; Yuda Bakti Zainal
SINERGI Vol. 28 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.001

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed for both communal and self-installation. PV systems are intended for both communal and standalone installations. Installation is required not only in industry and commerce, but also in the growth of energy potential at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani.  The focus of this research is rooftop PV modelling and analysis at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani. Because the ground mounting system could not be done due to limited land, a rooftop solar power-producing system was created. Data gathering is done as part of unique research that takes into account numerous technological criteria for efficiency. System analysis conducted by modelling and simulation, which will make use of a variety of tools linked to this PV system. Data was gathered from similar studies while accounting for numerous technological variables such as modelling and efficiency. K2Base system was used to model flat roofs with concrete roof types and gable roofs with tile roof types. The mounting type, wind load, truss load, and ballast were all taken into account in the design. This article also calculates PV panel configurations and component capacities. There are many different panels that can be constructed from each model. With a maximum roof area of 837.52 m2, 33 to 350 PV panels may be used. The number of inverters is changed to provide outputs of 10 kW, 25 kW, and 50 kW based on the calculations' findings. With differences in autonomous days, the number of batteries obtained has an average of more than 200 batteries.

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