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Andi Adriansyah
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Sinergi
Published by Universitas Mercu Buana
ISSN : 14102331     EISSN : 24601217     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
SINERGI is a peer-reviewed international journal published three times a year in February, June, and October. The journal is published by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana. Each publication contains articles comprising high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, review papers, and literature reviews that are closely related to the fields of Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Industrial, Civil, and Architecture). The theme of the paper is focused on new industrial applications and energy development that synergize with global, green and sustainable technologies. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The journal has been indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, BASE, and EBSCO.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 597 Documents
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Spatial optimization of human-activity energy harvesting potential using Space Syntax in campus buildings Marzuki Zulkarnain; Ridwan Sanjaya; Antonius Ardiyanto
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.003

Abstract

Campus buildings are generally not designed to utilize mechanical energy generated from routine human activities such as walking and stair climbing, limiting their contribution to decentralized energy systems. This study investigates how spatial configuration can enhance the potential for human-activity-based energy harvesting in campus circulation spaces. The research develops a spatial optimization approach based on Space Syntax analysis to identify circulation zones with high potential for implementing energy harvesting. The study was conducted in the Faculty of Engineering Building at Universitas Krisnadwipayana, a multi-level campus facility characterized by intensive pedestrian movement. A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design compared the existing spatial layout with a redesigned configuration. Spatial analysis used connectivity and visual integration metrics calculated with DepthmapX. In addition, field observations quantified pedestrian movement intensity, including step counts and path frequency along corridor and stair circulation routes. These data were used to evaluate the spatial feasibility of implementing piezoelectric-based energy harvesting systems. The results indicate a substantial increase in the Potential Zone Ratio (PZR), from 34.6% in the existing layout to 84.72% after spatial reconfiguration. This improvement was achieved through circulation optimization, enhanced spatial continuity, and the integration of behavior-supportive architectural elements without modifying the primary structural system. These findings demonstrate that spatial configuration plays a critical role in concentrating pedestrian movement and expanding zones suitable for human-activity energy harvesting. The proposed framework provides a practical strategy for integrating spatial analysis into sustainable campus building design.
Statistically validated comparative evaluation of fiducial markers for vision-based UAV precision landing in standardized PX4–ROS simulation Anan Nugroho; Muhammad Ghulamzaki; Feddy Setio Pribadi; Khoirudin Fathoni; Dhidik Prastiyanto; Mona Subagja; Raihan Fa’iq Mubarak
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.004

Abstract

UAV quadcopter technology has advanced rapidly and is widely used in both military and civilian sectors. One critical challenge is precision landing, since conventional GPS-based methods have limited accuracy (0.9–1.8 m). Fiducial marker–based landing offers a practical alternative, but cross-study comparisons remain difficult because marker types and testing procedures vary. This study presents a statistically validated comparative evaluation of five fiducial markers (ArUco, AprilTag, ARTag, WhyCode, and STag) in a standardized PX4–ROS simulation environment. Beyond performance ranking, the study analyzes how marker geometry and coding structure influence homography stability, pose-estimation noise, and landing control response. Evaluation metrics include horizontal and vertical landing errors, landing time, and detection distance, analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results show significant differences in vertical error, landing time, and detection distance, indicating that geometric regularity and edge-contrast structure directly affect visual pose stability. Within the controlled simulation framework, AprilTag shows the most consistent overall performance, with mean errors of 2.99 cm (X-axis) and 5.59 cm (Y-axis) and an average landing time of 21.8 s. The main contribution is a reproducible comparative framework and an explanatory link between marker design and visual-control stability, guiding marker selection in precision UAV landing systems.
Influence of inorganic content on hydrochar quality from high-ash agar extraction waste via hydrothermal carbonization Andi Firdaus Sudarma; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Yohanes Aris Purwanto; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Obie Farobie; Nono Darsono; Khuzaimah Arifin; Maharani Dewi Solikhah; Tri Yulni; Imam Hidayat; Muhamad Fitri; Edy Herianto Majlan
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.005

Abstract

Agar solid waste (ASW) has potential as a feedstock for hydrochar production because of its organic content; however, its high inorganic fraction, predominantly silica, limits its application. Furthermore, studies specifically investigating the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of ASW remain limited, given its high ash content and low energy value. This study investigated the HTC of ASW at varying temperatures (180–220 °C) and reaction times (30–90 minutes), with particular emphasis on how two inorganic components (celite versus perlite) affect hydrochar yield, composition, and energy properties. The resulting hydrochars were characterized using CHNSO, proximate, SEM, and FTIR analysis. The results revealed high ash contents reaching 77.7–92.08%, corresponding to HHV of 2.3–3.4 MJ kg⁻¹, while FTIR spectra confirmed strong silica presence through prominent Si–O–Si absorption bands. Therefore, the study provides valuable insights into silica-rich biomass behavior during HTC. The study also evaluated the relationship between HHV and ash content and analyzed the kinetic model. The results demonstrate the significant influence of inorganic components on carbonization pathways, highlighting opportunities to enhance hydrochar quality through pretreatment strategies such as acid/alkaline leaching or mineral separation.
Detection methods for asphalt and wax deposition in crude oil pipelines: a systematic review Hamdani Wahab; Asral Asral; Awaludin Martin
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.007

Abstract

Crude oil with high pour point oil (HPPO) characteristics exhibits elevated viscosity at low temperatures, promoting the deposition of wax and asphaltenes along pipeline walls. These deposits restrict flow and can lead to partial or complete blockages, posing serious challenges to flow assurance, operational safety, and environmental sustainability. Despite extensive studies on deposition mechanisms, blockage detection methods remain fragmented, with no universally reliable or integrated solution. This study presents a systematic review combined with a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications to map research evolution, trends, and technological advancements in blockage detection methods for crude oil pipelines. Bibliometric network mapping is applied to identify dominant research clusters and emerging themes. The review evaluates key detection techniques, including pressure wave analysis, gamma-ray inspection, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and machine learning approaches. Reported results indicate that pressure wave methods achieve detection accuracies of around 5% with prediction errors up to 35%, while gamma-ray techniques show errors of approximately 5% with maximum deviations of 0.59 cm. CFD models effectively represent flow and deposition behavior but are limited in quantifying blockage size. Machine learning approaches demonstrate improved performance, with accuracies ranging from 80.67% to 89.96%, although their robustness depends on data quality and generalizability. The analysis highlights critical gaps, including limited accuracy under varying conditions, lack of methodological integration, and reliance on single-technique approaches that fail to capture the multi-physics nature of blockage formation. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated bibliometric–systematic synthesis linking detection performance, methodological limitations, and research trends, while proposing a hybrid framework combining physical sensing, numerical modeling, and artificial intelligence. This work provides a comprehensive reference and strategic direction for developing next-generation pipeline blockage detection systems.
The role of ISO 31000 risk management in enhancing HSE and project performance: evidence from oil and gas construction projects Maria Istiqoma; Abraham Lomi; Lies Kurniawati Wulandari; Hani Zulfia Zahro; Maranatha Wijayaningtyas
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.008

Abstract

Using a survey, 152 professionals involved in Indonesian oil and gas pipeline projects were approached to examine how different elements of ISO 31000 risk management (Context and Criteria (IC), Identify and Analyse (IA), Evaluate and Treat (ET), and Communication (CM)) affect both Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) performance and overall project outcomes. The data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Context and Criteria have a strong positive influence on HSE performance (β = 0.55, p < 0.001), as well as project performance (β = 0.90, p < 0.001). Evaluate and Treat also significantly boosts HSE (β = 0.65, p < 0.001). In contrast, Identify and Analyse, Communication, and even HSE performance do not appear to have a significant direct impact on project outcomes. The model accounts for a substantial proportion of the variance in both HSE (R²_HP = 0.64) and project performance (R²_PP = 0.71). Early-stage risk contextualisation and active risk treatment are far more influential than merely identifying or communicating risks, especially in the high-risk setting of oil and gas construction. For project owners, contractors, and regulators, the lesson is clear: prioritise early risk framing, allocate concrete resources for treatment, and incorporate risk criteria into contracts to achieve better safety and more reliable project delivery.
Stage-dependent sensitivity analysis of composite floor systems under Eurocode provisions Riza Suwondo; Made Suangga; Militia Keintjem; Mohammed Altaee
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.009

Abstract

Composite floor systems, which combine profiled steel decks and reinforced concrete slabs, are widely used in modern construction owing to their structural efficiency, construction speed, and material economy. However, the relative influence of key design parameters on structural performance remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of steel deck thickness, slab thickness, and concrete compressive strength to identify the governing parameters that control the composite floor behavior. A representative one-way composite floor system with CF60 profiled steel decking and a reinforced concrete topping was analyzed using a Eurocode-based analytical parametric approach. The analysis considered both the construction stage, in which the steel deck alone resisted the applied loads, and the composite stage, in which the hardened concrete slab and steel deck acted compositely. Parametric combinations were generated by varying deck thickness, slab depth, and concrete compressive strength, and structural performance was evaluated using demand–capacity ratios derived from Eurocode flexural resistance formulations. The results show that the composite floor behavior is primarily governed by construction-stage performance, with the steel deck thickness emerging as the dominant parameter. The slab thickness exhibited a stage-dependent influence, whereas the concrete compressive strength within the normal-strength range had only a minor effect. This study established a quantitative sensitivity hierarchy for geometric and material parameters under Eurocode design conditions. The analysis was limited to a code-based analytical framework without numerical or experimental validation.
Co-designing neuro-inclusive public interiors: a mixed-methods study on non-visible disabilities in Indonesia Rachmita Maun Harahap; Andjar Widajanti; Mira Zulia Suriastuti
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.010

Abstract

In Indonesia, inclusive design for people with non-visible disabilities (NVD), such as those who are Deaf, have psychosocial conditions, autism/ADHD, dyslexia, intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome, and dwarfism, is still underutilized, even though accessibility is an essential part of interior architecture. Through case studies at PT Unilever's office, the Bundaran HI MRT Station, and the Taman Ismail Marzuki Library, selected for their varied public functions relevant to NVD users, this study investigates opportunities and barriers. A mixed-methods approach was used: descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data from 49 NVD respondents (obtained through multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions); thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative insights from 11 practitioners. The results show that although 66.7% of respondents use public areas almost every day, 58.3% feel uneasy or anxious in them. Confusing layouts, loud noises, a lack of directional signage (61.1%), the absence of quiet areas, excessively bright lighting, fixtures that are not adjustable for individuals with dwarfism, and inadequate priority seating are some of the main stressors. The majority of current practices focus on visible disabilities, ignoring the sensory, cognitive, and social aspects that are essential for NVD inclusion. By emphasizing NVD experiences and offering a practical framework grounded in IDEA principles (Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Accessibility), this study contributes to the conversation in interior architecture. It also emphasizes the urgency of incorporating NVD considerations into building regulations, design education, and participatory processes, moving beyond mere compliance to meaningful, human-centered inclusivity in public spaces.

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