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Al-Ahkam
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 08544603     EISSN : 25023209     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.8825
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Al-AHKAM; is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang in collaboration with the Indonesian Consortium of Shariah Scholars (KSSI). Al-AHKAM focuses on Islamic law with various perspectives. This journal, serving as a forum for studying Islamic law within its local and global context, supports focused studies of a particular theme and interdisciplinary studies. AL-AHKAM has been indexed in DOAJ, Google Scholar, and the Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (SINTA 2 - SK No. 164/E/KPT/2021). AL-AHKAM has become a CrossRef Member since the year 2016. Therefore, all articles will have a unique DOI number.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015" : 18 Documents clear
REKONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM MELALUI INTEGRASI METODE KLASIK DENGAN METODE SAINTIFIK MODERN Mahsun, Mahsun
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

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Abstract

Artikel ini mendiskusikan tawaran pemikiran tentang integrasi metodologis antara metode klasik dengan metode saintifik modern dalam sebuah proyek rekonstruksi pemikiran hukum Islam. Ide tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan pengembangan pemikiran keislaman khususnya pemikiran dalam hukum Islam. Secara filosofis sesungguhnya munculnya metodologi komprehensif dalam wujudnya sebagai metode manhaji eklektis hasil integrasi antara metode klasik dengan metode saintifik modern sangat memungkinkan. Implementasinya, perkawinan dua metode tersebut harus memenuhi prasyarat utama yaitu: pertama, menjadikan al-maṣlaḥah al-‘āmmah (ke-patutan umum) atau maqāṣid al-sharī’ah sebagai pertimbangan penentu dalam meng-gali sebuah hukum pada tiga ranah utamanya, yaitu ḍarūriyyah (kebutuhan mendesak), ḥājiyyah (kebutuhan normal), dan taḥsīniyyah (kebutuhan komplementer. Kedua, adalah munculnya kesadaran manusia akan ketidakcukupan metode klasik untuk menjawab tantangan zaman yang berubah secara dinamis. Ketiga, adalah kemauan manusia untuk berubah menuju sesuatu yang baru yang lebih baik, sebagai implementasi al-muḥāfaẓah ‘alā al-qadīm al-ṣāliḥ wa al-akhdh bi ‘l-jadīd al-aṣlaḥ.   ***   This article discusses methodological thinking about integration deals between classical methods with modern scientific methods in a project of reconstruction of Islamic legal thought. The idea of this paper is motivated by the need for the development of Islamic thought, especially in Islamic law. Philosophically, the real emergence manhaji-eclectic method as a result of integration between the classical methods and modern scientific methods is possible. Implementation of the integration must meet the main prerequisites: first, making al-maṣlaḥah al-āmmah (public decency) or maqāṣid al-sharī’ah as a decisive consideration in seeking a legal aid in three main domains, namely ḍarūriyyah (urgent needs) ḥājiyyah (normal needs), and taḥsīniyyah (complementary needs). The second prerequisite, is the emergence of human consciousness that the classical method will not capable to answer the challenges that change dynamically. While the third, is the willingness of people to change to something new and better, as the implementation of al-muḥāfaẓah ‘alā al-qadīm al-ṣāliḥ wa al-akhdh bi ‘l-jadīd al-aṣlaḥ.  ***  Keywords: rekonstruksi,  integrasi,  metode  klasik,  metode  modern, maqāṣid  al-sharī’ah
HUBUNGAN ISLAM DAN NEGARA (Merespon Wacana Politik Islam Kontemporer di Indonesia) Hasan, Hamsah
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

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Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan kembali isu tentang hubungan Islam dan negara dalam perspektif politik Islam di Indonesia. Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan untuk mengkritisi perkembangan serta pasang-surut hubungan Islam dan negara yang sangat dinamis mewarnai peta perpolitikan di Indonesia yang kental dengan tradisi Islam. Pembahasan ini menyimpulkan bahwa: Pemahaman terhadap hubungan agama dan negara dengan pendekatan politik Islam tidak dimaksudkan untuk mendirikan negara agama atau negara Islam Indonesia, tetapi lebih pada pengisian ruang-ruang agama secara fungsional dalam tatanan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara. Hubungan Islam dan negara dapat terintegrasi dalam sebuah relasi fungsional yang sama-sama mencita-citakan keluhuran. Baik relasi integralistik, simbiosis maupun sekularistik, masing-masing harus dipandang sebagai bentuk yang saling melengkapi. Menghadapi perkembangan modernitas, hubungan Islam dan negara harus diartikulasikan sebagai upaya untuk selalu menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan masyarakat dari berbagai aspeknya, seperti: globalisasi ekonomi-politik dunia, sains dan teknologi, perkembangan isu-isu demokrasi, gender, HAM, pluralisme, secara nasional maupun internasional.***This article aims to discuss the issues of the relationship between Islam and state in the Islamic political perspective in Indonesia. This study was motivated by the desire to criticize the development and “up and down” relationship between Islam and state that is very dynamic coloring political situation in “Islamic majority country” Indonesia. This article concluded that understanding the relationship between religion and state with Islamic political approach is not meant to establish a religious state or an Islamic state of Indonesia, but more on filling spaces are functionally religion in order society, nation and state. The relationship between Islam and state can be integrated in a functional relationship equally aspire to nobility. Even integralistic, symbiotic, and secularistic relations, each should be viewed as a form of complementary. Facing the development of modernization, the relationship between Islam and state should be articulated as an effort to always adapt to the development of society in its various aspects, such as: the globalization of the world political economy, science and technology, the development issues of democracy, gender, human rights, pluralism, both nationally and internationally.***Keywords: Relasi Islam dan negara, politik Islam, integralistik, sekularistik
REINTERPRETASI MAṢLAḤAH SEBAGAI METODE ISTINBAT HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Pemikiran Hukum Islam Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Al-Shāṭibī) Farih, Amin
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

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Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemikiran al-Syatibi tentang maṣlaḥah dan kontribusinya dalam pembaharuan hukum Islam. Maṣlaḥah merupakan metode iṣṭinbat hukum Islam yang bertujuan menghilangkan kesulitan-kesulitan manusia dalam  menjalankan kewajibannya, terutama dalam bidang muamalah. Prinsip-prinsip umum kemaslahatan yang dikandung dalam al-Quran dan Hadis semuanya bermuara pada doktrin maqāṣid al-sharī’ah yang tujuan utamanya adalah untuk menegakkan  maṣlaḥah sebagai unsur esensial bagi tujuan­-tujuan hukum Islam. Dok­trin maqāṣid al-sharī’ah itu menegaskan bahwa tujuan akhir hukum adalah satu, yaitu maslahah atau kebaikan dan kesejahteraan­ umat manusia. Menurut al-Syatibi, kemaslahatan yang dirumuskan dalam hukum Islam harus memperhatikan pemeliharaan aspek-aspek ḍarūriyyat, ḥājiyyah dan taḥsīniyyah sebagai suatu struktur yang terdiri atas tiga tingkatan yang satu sama lain saling berhubungan. Signifikansi pemikiran al-Syatibi tentang maṣlaḥah mursalah adalah bahwa metode tersebut merupakan pemersatu dan sebagai alternatif atas perbedaan pendapat ulama tentang berlaku atau tidak berlakunya maṣlaḥah mursalah sebagai metode istinbat hukum Islam.***This article aims to analyze al-Syatibi’s thought about maslahah and its contribution to the renewal of Islamic law. Maslahah is a method of istinbat which aims to deprive human difficulties in carrying out their obligations, especially in the field of muamalah. General principles of maslahah that was conceived in al-Quran and hadis rise in the doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. The main purpose is to enforce maslahah as an essential element for the all purposes of Islamic law. The doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah asserted that the purpose of the law is one, namely maslahah or goodness and prosperity of mankind. According to al-Syatibi, maslahah which formulated the law of Islam must consider the aspects of ḍarūriyyat, ḥājiyyah and taḥsīniyyah as a structure consisting of three tiers one of another mutually related. The significance of al-Syatibi’s thinking about maṣlaḥah mursalah is that this method is a kind of unification and as an alternative over differences of opinion among the scholars on the validity of maṣlaḥah mursalah as a method of Islamic law.***Keywords : ijtihad, hukum Islam, maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, iṣṭinbat, maṣlaḥah.
JA’FAR ṢĀDIQ DAN PARADIGMA HUKUM MADHHAB JA’FARI Muhtada, Dani
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

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Abstract

Artikel ini ditulis untuk menggali paradigma hukum yang menjiwai produk-produk hukum dalam Madhhab Ja’fari. Keberadaan Imam Ja’far al-Ṣādiq dalam kapasitasnya sebagai seorang pendiri Madhhab Ja’fari, akan dikupas secara khusus dalam makalah ini. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mendiskusikan beberapa produk pemikiran fikih Ja’fari yang secara fundamental dianggap berbeda dengan produk fikih kalangan Sunni. Dua produk pemikiran  tersebut adalah tentang khumus dan nikah mut’ah. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa sumber-sumber hukum yang digunakan dalam Madhhab fikih Ja’fari tidak jauh berbeda dengan sumber-sumber hukum yang digunakan dalam Madhhab fikih Sunni, yaitu al-Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’, dan Akal. Meskipun terdapat pemahaman definisi yang berbeda mengenai sumber-sumber hukum tersebut, namun hal tersebut tidak menunjukkan bahwa Syi’ah dan Sunni memiliki perbedaan prinsip dalam penentuan hukum. Faktanya, perbedaan penentuan sumber hukum semacam itu juga terdapat dalam diskursus ushul fikih di antara empat Madhhab fikih Sunni.***This article explores the legal paradigm of the Ja’fari school of law. The article presents the profile of Imam Ja’far, the founder of this school of law. It also discusses some legal thoughts presented by the Ja’fari school of law, which seemed to be fundamentally different from the legal thoughts of the Sunni school of law (e.g., khumus and mut’ah). This article concludes that the legal sources used in the Ja’fari school of law are not fundamentally different from those used in the Sunni school of law, which include the Quran, the Sunnah, Ijma, and reasoning. Although there might be different approaches among the Ja’fari school of law and the Sunni school of laws in defining these legal sources, this article indicates no principle difference in legal making procedure. As a matter of fact, the differences in the legal making process could also exist among the Sunni school of laws.***Keywords: Shi’ah, Sunni, Madhhab, paradigma hukum
TELAAH KRITIS PUTUSAN SIDANG ITSBAT PENETAPAN AWAL BULAN QAMARIYAH DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF USHUL FIQIH Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkritisi pelaksanaan sidang itsbat penentuan awal bulan Qamariyah yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah melalui Kementerian Agama. Di antara isu-isu penting yang dikritisi adalah apa yang menjadi faktor utama penyebab terjadinya perbedaan pendapat dan bagaimana kedudukan sidang itsbat dalam perspektif ushul fikih. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap hasil-hasil putusan sidang itsbat penetapan awal Ramadhan dan Syawal pada tahun 1381 H – 1434 H/1962 M – 2011 M. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kecenderungan terjadinya perbedaan disebabkan oleh ketinggian hilal dan pendekatan dalam menentukan bulan baru. Menurut ushul fikih, sidang itsbat dapat dilihat dalam beberapa perspektif; pertama, merupakan kewajiban pemerintah sebagai representasi imam atas rakyatnya. Yaitu untuk memfasilitasi dan mendukung pelaksanaan ibadah secara totalitas; Kedua, merupakan bentuk tanggung jawab negara kepada rakyatnya untuk menciptakan kebersamaan, terlebih dalam pelaksanaan ibadah umat seiman, dengan meminimalkan perbedaan pendapat dan konflik. Ketiga, untuk mengupayakan terwujudnya kemaslahatan bersama (maslaḥat ‘āmmah) yang menjadi esensi dari maqāṣid al-sharī’ah (tujuan syari’ah). Sidang itsbat merupakan salah satu contoh bentuk maslaḥat ḥājiyyah yang dibutuhkan demi menyempurnakan ibadah puasa Ramadhan, Idul Fitri, dan Idul Adha.***This study aims to criticize the implementation of the Itsbat Conference (a conference determining the beginning of Qamariyah month) implemented by the government through the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Among the important issues is what is the main factor causing the disagreements and how is the position of Itsbat Conference in usul fiqh point of view? Research carried out on the results of Itsbat Conference on Ramadhan and Syawal in 1381 H - 1434 H / 1962 AD - 2011 AD. The study concluded that the disagreements tend to occur due to the critical height of the new moon and approach in determining the new moon. According to usul fiqh, Itsbat Conference can be seen in multiple perspectives; The first, it is an obligation on the government as a representation of imam, to facilitate and support the implementation of the totality of praying; Second, it is a form of state responsibility to the people to promote unity, especially in the implementation of praying, by minimizing disagreements and conflicts. Thirdly, to realize maslaḥat ‘āmmah, the essence of the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. Itsbat Conference is one example of maslaḥat ḥājiyyah needed to complete the fasting of Ramadhan, ‘Idul Fitr, and Idul Adha.***Keywords: Sidang Itsbat, hilal, ushul fikih, Maslahat, bulan Qamariyah
PROBLEMATIKA DAN PROSPEK WAKAF PRODUKTIF DI INDONESIA Muntaqo, Firman
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

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Abstract

Paper ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis problematika serta pros-pek perwakafan di Indonesia, utamanya pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Analisis terhadap problematika perwakafan terfokus pada manaje-men dan pengelolaan harta wakaf oleh lembaga wakaf yang masih tradisional dan jauh dari orientasi produktif sebagaimana yang diinginkan Undang-Undang Wakaf. Proble-matika ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa hal, seperti: Kurangnya sosialisasi tentang fiqh wakaf maupun peraturan perundangan; manajemen wakaf yang setengah hati, per-soalan komitmen nadzir, lemahnya sistem pengawasan kelembagaan, dan permasalah-an pendanaan. Lahirnya undang-undang wakaf diyakini sebagai terobosan awal yang memiliki  arti  signifikan  dan  strategis  dalam  rangka  memperkuat  prospek  lembaga perwakafan di Indonesia menjadi lebih baik. Hal itu setidaknya ditemukan dari beberapa indikator  dalam  undang-undang  wakaf,  yaitu:  pemikiran  progresif  tentang  wakaf produktif,  penguatan  kelembagaan  wakaf  secara  nasional,  penataan  administrasi manajemen wakaf, dan penegakan hukum perwakafan.***This paper aims to describe and analyze the problems and prospects of endowments (perwakafan) in Indonesia, mainly related to the enactment of Law No. 40 of 2004 on Waqf. An analysis of the problems focused on management of waqf properties by waqf institutions that are still traditional and far from productive orientation. The problems on waqf management are triggered by several things, such as: Lack of socialization on fiqh waqf and regulations about waqf from the state; not seriusly management of waqf, the issue of nadzir commitment, weak institutional monitoring system, and problems of funding. The enactment of the Law of Waqf believed to be the initial breakthrough has strategic and significant meaning in order to strengthen the better prospects of waqf institutions in Indonesia for tomorrow. It was at least found on some of the indicators in the Law of Waqf, namely: progressive thinking about productive waqf (cash  waqf), institutional strengthening on waqf, structuring the management of waqf administration, and law enforcement of waqf.***Keywords: Wakaf, UU No. 41 Tahun 2004, pemberdayaan masyarakat, nadzir
REINTERPRETASI MAṢLAḤAH SEBAGAI METODE ISTINBĀṬ HUKUM ISLAM: Studi Pemikiran Hukum Islam Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm al-Shāṭibī Farih, Amin
Al-Ahkam Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.711 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.193

Abstract

This article aims to analyze al-Shāṭibī’s thought about maṣlaḥah and its contribution to the renewal of Islamic law. Maṣlaḥah is a method of istinbāṭ which aims to deprive human difficulties in carrying out their obligations, especially in the field of muamalah. General principles of maṣlaḥah that was conceived in al-Qur'an and hadis rise in the doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. The main purpose is to enforce maṣlaḥah as an essential element for the all purposes of Islamic law. The doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah asserted that the purpose of the law is one, namely maṣlaḥah or goodness and prosperity of mankind. According to al-Shāṭibī, maṣlaḥah which formulated the law of Islam must consider the aspects of ḍarūriyyah, ḥājiyyah and taḥsīniyyah as a structure consisting of three tiers one of another mutually related. The significance of al-Shāṭibī’s thinking about maṣlaḥah mursalah is that this method is a kind of unification and as an alternative over differences of opinion among the scholars on the validity of maṣlaḥah mursalah as a method of Islamic law.
JA’FAR AL-ṢĀDIQ DAN PARADIGMA HUKUM MAZHAB JA’FARI Muhtada, Dani
Al-Ahkam Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (183.376 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.194

Abstract

This article explores the legal paradigm of the Ja’fari school of law. The article presents the profile of Imam Ja’far, the founder of this school of law. It also discusses some legal thoughts presented by the Ja’fari school of law, which seemed to be fundamentally different from the legal thoughts of the Sunni school of law (e.g., khumus and mut’ah). This article concludes that the legal sources used in the Ja’fari school of law are not fundamentally different from those used in the Sunni school of  law, which include the Quran, the Sunnah, Ijma, and reasoning. Although there might be different approaches among the Ja’fari school of law and the Sunni school of laws in defining these legal sources, this article indicates no principle difference in legal making procedure. As a matter of fact, the differences in the legal making process could also exist among the Sunni school of laws.
PROBLEMATIKA DAN PROSPEK WAKAF PRODUKTIF DI INDONESIA Muntaqo, Firman
Al-Ahkam Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (260.094 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.195

Abstract

This paper aims to describe and analyze the problems and prospects of endowments (perwakafan) in Indonesia, mainly related to the enactment of Law No. 40 of 2004 on Waqf. An analysis of the problems focused on management of waqf properties by waqf institutions that are still traditional and far from productive orientation. The problems on waqf management are triggered by several things, such as: Lack of socialization on fiqh waqf and regulations about waqf from the state; not seriusly management of waqf, the issue of nadzir commitment, weak institutional monitoring system, and problems of funding. The enactment of the Law of Waqf believed to be the initial breakthrough has strategic and significant meaning in order to strengthen the better prospects of waqf institutions in Indonesia for tomorrow. It was at least found on some of the indicators in the Law of Waqf, namely: progressive thinking about productive waqf (cash waqf), institutional strengthening on waqf, structuring the management of waqf administration, and law enforcement of waqf
REKONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM MELALUI INTEGRASI METODE KLASIK DENGAN METODE SAINTIFIK MODERN Mahsun, Mahsun
Al-Ahkam Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (233.437 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.191

Abstract

This article discusses methodological thinking about integration deals between classical methods with modern scientific methods in a project of reconstruction of Islamic legal thought. The idea of this paper is motivated by the need for the development of Islamic thought, especially in Islamic law. Philosophically, the real emergence manhaji-eclectic method as a result of integration between the classical methods and modern scientific methods is possible. Implementation of the integration must meet the main prerequisites: first, making al-maṣlaḥah al-'āmmah (public decency) or maqāṣid alsharī’ah as a decisive consideration in seeking a legal aid in three main domains, namely ḍarūriyyah (urgent needs) ḥājiyyah (normal needs), and taḥsīniyyah (complementary needs). The second prerequisite, is the emergence of human consciousness that the classical method will not capable to answer the challenges that change dynamically. While the third, is the willingness of people to change to something new and better, as the implementation of al-muḥāfaẓah ‘alā al-qadīm al-ṣāliḥ wa al-akhdh bi ‘l-jadīd l-aṣlaḥ

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