Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Engineering Sciences from the following subject areas: Aerospace Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Environmental Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, Manufacturing Processes, Microelectronics, Mining Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and other application of physical, biological, chemical and mathematical sciences in engineering. Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere.
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Formerly known as:
ITB Journal of Engineering Science (2007 – 2012)
Proceedings ITB on Engineering Science (2003 - 2007)
Proceedings ITB (1961 - 2002)
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Evaluating Direct Pointing and Indirect Cursor Interactions with Fitts' Law in Stereoscopic Environments
Dino Caesaron;
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin;
Ilma Mufidah;
Anastasia Febiyani
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.6
The development of virtual environment research has reached the stage of human interaction with three-dimensional (3D) objects. In this study, Fitts' method was used to such interaction techniques in virtual environment, and the Fitts' law applicability in 3D virtual environment was also considered. The experiment included two modes of interaction: direct interaction and indirect interaction that utilize different techniques depending on how users interact with 3D objects. Both interaction techniques were conducted in three indexes of difficulties and three egocentric target distances (a distance from participant to target). Movement time and throughput were measured for each interaction technique. The results show that the direct pointing technique is more efficient for interaction with the targets close to the participant, while the indirect cursor technique may be a viable option for targets further away from participant. Throughputs were found to be significantly higher for the direct pointing technique compared to the indirect cursor technique. The results of the mean movement time were highly correlated with the targets' index of difficulty for all interaction techniques, supporting evidence that Fitts' law can be applied to the interactions in 3D virtual environment. Based on the results, developers of VE application may relate to these findings in designing proper users' interactions.
Vitamin E Extraction from Magnesium Salts of Palm Fatty Acid Distillates
Dianika Lestari;
Khalisa Putri Aqilah;
Salsafia Putri;
Ardiyan Harimawan;
Diky Mudhakir;
Muhamad Insanu
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.2
This research studied how the type of organic solvent and the number of extraction stages affect the vitamin E cumulative extraction yield and recovery rate from Mg-PFAD. First, PFAD was saponified to produce Mg-PFAD, then vitamin E was extracted from the Mg-PFAD using ethanol, isopropanol, or hexane, followed by evaporation to produce vitamin E concentrate. Three-stage hexane extraction with a solvent to Mg-PFAD mass ratio of 3 kg solvent/kg Mg-PFAD produced the highest vitamin E recovery rate. Organic solvent with a lower polarity gave a higher extraction yield and recovery rate of vitamin E from Mg-PFAD. In general, an increase of the number of extraction stages led to an increase of the vitamin E extraction yield and recovery rate from Mg-PFAD.
Land Subsidence Susceptibility Projection for Palembang Slum Area by Complex MCDM-AHP Technique
Siti Noratiqah Mohamad Deros;
Norashidah Md Din;
Syamimi Mohd Norzeli;
Rohayu Che Omar;
Fathoni Usman;
Sumie Amariena Hamim
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.4
Land subsidence is a geomorphological event that affects Earth’s structure and physiognomy. This phenomenon occurs when the groundwater volume changes and results in the movement and sinking of sediment. Several studies have been conducted to identify major causes or factors that may lead to land subsidence. It was found that land subsidence intensity is influenced by several factors, i.e. terrain slope and aspect, land use, soil moisture content, and distance to a river. Population density contributes to continuous changes in land use. Deep investigation of factors that contribute to land subsidence such as population density is important. This study investigated the relationship between land subsidence and population density contributing to continuous land-use changes. The study area was a highly populated slum area along the Musi River in Palembang, Indonesia. Factors that have high contribution to land subsidence were considered in developing a land subsidence susceptibility map. Susceptibility analysis was done using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Land subsidence features were associated with slum features and the result revealed a significantly high correlation (r = 0.844) between actual land subsidence areas and the developed susceptibility map.
Integrated Magnetotelluric (MT), Gravity and Seismic Study of Lower Kutai Basin Configuration
Selvi Misnia Irawati;
Hidayat Hidayat;
Edy Wijanarko;
Hendra Grandis
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.3
This work describes a subsurface basin configuration of the Lower Kutai Basin (hereinafter LKB) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, as inferred from combination of magnetotelluric (MT), seismic, and gravity data. LKB is structurally controlled mainly by the Samarinda Anticlinorium extending in a NNE-SSW direction and is one of the most prolific hydrocarbon basins in Indonesia. The phase tensor analysis of MT data from most stations and frequencies exhibited a 2D character with a relatively low skew (-3° < β < 3°). The geo-electrical strike direction was estimated at N30°E, which is in good agreement with the regional geological strike with a NNE-SSW direction. 2D MT inversion modeling was performed to infer the subsurface resistivity distribution associated with LKB’s configuration. From the integration of MT, seismic and gravity models it was shown that LKB’s configuration is composed mainly of sandstone, black shale, claystone, and basement rocks. The conductive zones of the MT models are associated with thermal alteration of black shale, which changes its mineralization, leading to lower resistivity. Hence, the black shale may be interpreted as potential hydrocarbon source rock in LKB.
The Implementation of Soundscape Composition to Identify the Ideal Soundscape for Various Activities
Joko Sarwono;
Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono;
Andini Hapsari;
Helga Salim;
Ranti Dwi Tassia
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.7
Soundscapes are affected by several factors and one of them is the activities done in the space concerned. People expect different acoustic environments for different activities, but there is no specific guidance for designing an ideal acoustic environment for different activities. This study aimed to identify ideal urban acoustic environments for four different activities: reading, relaxing, talking with friends, and playing with children. The ideal acoustic environment was evaluated using the soundscape composition concept. The concept was implemented by an acoustic environment simulator that enabled the respondents to compose their ideal acoustic environment and identify the perception of their composition. The sound source selection and perception rating were analyzed to understand the ideal acoustic environment and perception for different activities. This study identified the ideal soundscapes for four different activities and the perception expected to be present in the ideal environments for those activities. The result can be beneficial as guidance for urban soundscape design.
Blasting Vibration Monitoring and a New Vibration Reduction Measure
Xi Yang;
Yunpeng Zhang;
Jie Wang
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.12
Vibration waves generated by blasting can cause shock to buildings. Different responses occur in different parts of the building. Therefore, a single standard is inaccurate. At the same time, methods to reduce vibration are needed. In this paper, the variation of peak particle velocity (PPV) and principal frequency was analyzed. The energy variation of blast vibration waves was analyzed by wavelet packet decomposition. A numerical model was established to verify the new vibration reduction measure. The results showed that the PPV on the walls increases with their height. The PPV and principal frequency of different structures of single-story brick-concrete buildings are different. The amplification factor of PPV does not change much when the principal frequency ratio is larger than 0.75. Measuring points at different heights have different sensitivities to blasting vibration waves of different principal frequencies. Therefore, different structures will respond differently to the same blasting operation. The PPV can be reduced by waveform interference. However, the cycle of blasting vibration waves decreases with increasing distance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine a reasonable interval to reduce the PPV. This requires further research.
Curie Point Depth Analysis of Lesugolo Area, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Based on Ground Magnetic Data
Alamta Singarimbun;
Umar Said;
Dini Andriani;
R. B. Astro;
Bakrun Bakrun;
I G. P. F. Soerya Djaja;
Eleonora Agustine;
Pepen Supendi;
Wahyu Srigutomo
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.11
The Curie point depth, or magnetic basal depth, of the Lesugolo geothermal area in Ende, Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia was estimated by performing spectral analysis on spatial magnetic data and transforming it into the frequency domain, resulting in a link between the 2D spectrum of magnetic anomalies and the depths of the top and centroid of the magnetic sources. Shallow Curie point depths of 16 to 18 km were found in the north-northeast to southeast areas of Lesugolo, while deeper depths of 24 to 26 km were found in the southwest. The tectonic setting beneath the central part of Flores Island governs the distribution of the Curie point depths in the area. Shallow Curie point depth zones are associated with high thermal gradients (30 to 34 °C/km) and heat flow (80 to 100 mW/m2). Deep depths, on the other hand, correspond to zones of low thermal gradient (21 to 26 °C/km) and low heat flow (65 to 80 mW/m2). Both the derived thermal gradient and the heat flow maps contribute to a better understanding of the Lesugolo geothermal system’s configuration. This study suggests that the Lesugolo geothermal area’s prospect zone is located in the center of the investigated area, where the Lesugolo normal fault forms its southeastern boundary.
Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)-Ceramic Composite Adsorbent for Iron and Aluminum Cations Removal from Acid Mine Drainage
Tine Aprianti;
Tuti Indah Sari;
Fitri Hadiah;
Yadi Utama;
Muhammad Said
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.13
Acid mine drainage has become a serious problem globally, polluting groundwater with heavy metals. Adsorption is considered a simple and effective approach to addressing this emerging issue. A commonly used adsorbent is powdered activated carbon (PAC), but this is susceptible to being washed into the waste stream, either during or after the adsorption process due to its low density. This research combined PAC with clay that was molded into small clay balls (~1 cm in diameter) then baked at a very high temperature of 1000 °C to create a ceramic adsorbent. The adsorbent activation used NaOH 48% alkali solution to improve its capability in binding metallic cations. This research demonstrated that the PAC-ceramic composite is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Fe (iron) and Al (aluminum) cations from acid mine drainage. The results showed that the most favorable contaminant removal was 60.87% for Fe and 52.13% for Al, using a PAC:clay ratio of 45:55 (w/w) in 10 hours contact time.
Promising Adsorption of Sulfidic Acid Gases Using Wet Banana Plant Adsorbent (Musa spp.)
Haryono Setiyo Huboyo;
Badrus Zaman;
Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan;
Anastasia Dinda Prinaningrum
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.10
Bananas have the highest production rate among fruits in Indonesia, which leads to the generation of a significant amount of banana fruit solid waste. In this study, we assessed the potential use of banana waste to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. In particular, the purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of banana waste as an adsorbent for H2S gas. We tested the stems, leaves, and peels of banana plants as H2S gas adsorbents with varying contact times. To obtain a microscopic view of the adsorbents before and after the experiment, we conducted measurements using scanning electron microscopy with dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The banana leaves, stems, and peels were found to have H2S gas absorption efficiency values of 76.52%, 51.83%, and 6.44%, respectively. Based on the experiment, the leaves of the banana plant appear to be the best adsorbents, with an adsorption capacity of 1.67 mg/g. The results also revealed that there was a change in the fiber and stomata appearance of the banana leaves after the adsorption process. Overall, this research indicates that banana leaves have the potential to be used as effective H2S adsorbents.
Volatile State Mathematical Models for Predicting Components in Biomass Pyrolysis Products
Pandit Hernowo;
Carolus B. Rasrendra;
Yogi W. Budhi;
Jenny Rizkiana;
Anton Irawan;
Septhian Marno;
Yana Meliana;
Oki Muraza;
Yazid Bindar
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.8
Volatile state mathematical models for quantifying the chemical components in volatile biomass pyrolysis products were developed. The component mass yield Yi rate depends linearly on its pseudo kinetic constant and the remaining mass yield. The mass fraction rate of each component was modeled from the derivation of its mass yield rate equation. A new mathematical model equation was successfully developed. The involved variables are: biomass number, temperature, heating rate, pre-exponential factor, and pseudo activation energy related to each component. The component mass fraction yi and the mass yield were predicted using this model within a temperature range. Available experimental pyrolysis data for beechwood and rice husk biomass were used to confirm the developed model. The volatile products were separated into bio-pyrolysis gas (BPG) and a bio-pyrolysis oil (BPO). Five components in the BPG and forty in the BPO were quantified. The pseudo activation energy for each pseudo chemical reaction for a specific component was modeled as a polynomial function of temperature. The component mass fraction and yield are quantifiable using this developed mathematical model equation within a temperature range. The predicted component mass fractions and yields agreed excellently with the available experimental data.