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INDONESIA
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : 23375779     EISSN : 23385502     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Engineering Sciences from the following subject areas: Aerospace Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Environmental Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, Manufacturing Processes, Microelectronics, Mining Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and other application of physical, biological, chemical and mathematical sciences in engineering. Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere. Starting from Vol. 35, No. 1, 2003, full articles published are available online at http://journal.itb.ac.id, and indexed by Scopus, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, GetCITED, NewJour, Open J-Gate, The Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB by University Library of Regensburg, EBSCO Open Science Directory, Ei Compendex, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) and Zurich Open Repository and Archive Journal Database. Publication History Formerly known as: ITB Journal of Engineering Science (2007 – 2012) Proceedings ITB on Engineering Science (2003 - 2007) Proceedings ITB (1961 - 2002)
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,267 Documents
 115   116   117   118   119 
The Effects of Long-Term Storage on the Quality of Palm Oil Biodiesel and Canola Oil Biodiesel Yoyon Wahyono; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto; Mochamad Arief Budihardjo; Rifqi Ahmad Baihaqi; Ainun Nurusy Syahida
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.1

Abstract

Effective storage of biodiesel has proven to be a challenge, which the Indonesian government has invested billions of Indonesian rupiahs (IDR) in to overcome. It is thus important to investigate how different storage methods can affect the quality of biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to determine how storage at room temperature in the dark affects the quality of palm oil biodiesel (POB) and canola oil biodiesel (COB). POB and COB were stored in closed containers at 22 °C in the dark for 12 months. The results showed that POB was more significantly damaged than COB. This study found increases of density (POB by 51.52 kg/m3 and COB by 17.52 kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (POB by 0.67 mm2/s and COB by 0.32 mm2/s), acid value (POB by 0.27 mg-KOH/g and COB by 0.25 mg-KOH/g), total glycerol (POB by 0.58%-mass and COB by 0.60%-mass), and peroxide value (POB by 48 meq-O2/kg and COB by 54 meq-O2/kg), whereas there were decreases in fatty acid methyl esters (POB by 7.11%-mass and COB by 9.36%-mass). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results for POB and COB showed decreases in 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, and increases in 9-octadecenoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of methyl ester functional groups. The storage of biodiesel in a closed container at 22 °C in the dark can minimize biodiesel oxidation, as evidenced by the findings of this study, namely, the insignificant formation of ketone and aldehyde groups in the biodiesel oxidation process during storage, based on the results of FTIR.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Throughput of MIMO PLC Network Abdelmounim Hmamou; Mohammed El Ghzaoui; Jaouad Foshi; Jamal Mestoui
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.8

Abstract

In this study, we mainly focused on a theoretical analysis of HomePlug 1.0 and an experimental analysis of modem data rates through a section of a PLC network with several configurations. We introduce the utilization of the MIMO technique to increase the throughput over a PLC channel. Besides, we propose a MIMO PLC channel model to evaluate the channel transfer function of MIMO PLC. We used an equivalent per-unit-length model of the indoor power line network to characterize the three-conductor cable. Based on this mathematical model, we analyzed the throughput of the PLC network with different household appliances. The equivalent circuit of each appliance is also given. The simulation results showed that the throughput is influenced by household appliances connected to the sockets of a MIMO PLC network. Moreover, we also compared the throughput between single and multi-antenna systems. Based on the simulation results, we found that the data rate increased with frequency. In addition, the performance of the MIMO PLC system was almost 90% higher than that of a SISO PLC system in terms of channel capacity.
Optimal Design of V-Shaped Fin Heat Sink for Active Antenna Unit of 5G Base Station Chi-Cong Nguyen; Minh-Dinh Bui; Ngoc-Kien Nguyen; Van-Tinh Nguyen
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.9

Abstract

The active antenna unit (AAU) is one of the main parts of the 5G base station, which has a large size and a high density of chipsets, and operates at a significantly high temperature. This systematic study presents an optimal design for the heat sink of an AAU with a V-shaped fin arrangement. First, a simulation of the heat dissipation was conducted on two designs of the heat sink – in-line and V-shaped fins – which was validated by experimental results. The result shows that the heat sink with V-shaped fins performed better compared to conventional models such as heat sinks with in-line fins. Secondly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Lagrange interpolation method were applied to find out an optimal set of design parameters for the heat sink. It is worth noting that the optimal parameters of the orientation angle and fin spacing considerably affected the heat sink’s performance.   
Adaptive Fuzzy Proportional Integral Sliding Mode Control for Two-Tank Interacting System Thanh Tung Pham; Chi-Ngon Nguyen
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.10

Abstract

This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy proportional integral sliding mode control (AFPISMC) for two-tank interacting system (TTIS). In order to maintain the desired liquid level of the TTIS and meet the reference values for attenuated chattering problems, this paper proposes a combination of a sliding mode control (SMC) with a proportional integral (PI) sliding surface and a fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy logic and the universal approximation theorem of fuzzy systems are used to approximate the uncertain function in the PISMC. The stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. The simulation results of the proposed method in MATLAB/Simulink were compared to a fuzzy control, a sliding mode control with conditional integrals, a fuzzy-PID control, and a conventional PID control. The comparison results showed that the proposed controller was most effective when the rising time reached 0.2375 s, the percent of overshoot was 0%, the steady state error converged to zero, the settling time was 0.4612 s, and chattering was reduced.
Removal of Reactive Yellow 4R Azo Dye from Synthetic Aqueous Solution by Alkali Hydrothermally Activated Fly Ash Fadjari Lucia Nugroho; Deni Rusmaya; Angela Deviliana
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.12

Abstract

Dye-containing wastewater affects the aesthetic quality, transparency and gas solubility of natural water bodies, hence colored wastewater must be treated before being discharged. Physical removal of dyes from wastewater can be achieved using activated carbon. However, this technique is expensive, so there is a need to find less expensive alternatives. A waste product generated from coal-fired plants known as fly ash is a sorbent that can be used to remove pollutants from solution. This study investigated the effectiveness of using alkali (NaOH) hydrothermally activated fly ash to remove Reactive Yellow 4R azo dye from synthetic aqueous solution. Na2O in alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash increases thirteen-fold. SEM observations revealed that the raw fly ash consisted of smooth round shaped particles, whereas the activated fly ash was composed of granular crystalline particles. Batch adsorption experiments of the dye at 25 °C showed that increasing the activated fly ash quantity (0.5 to 3.5 g) increased the removal efficiency from 30% to 39.3%. The Freundlich isotherm adsorption model best described the adsorption of Reactive Yellow 4R dye by alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash with KF = 1.49 x 10-21 mg/g. The dye adsorption kinetics by activated fly ash followed the Lagergren pseudo second order model, with calculated qe = 2.65 mg/g; k2 = 0.06 g/mg; and calculated h = 0.42 mg/g min‑1. Dye removal occurred primarily through surface adsorption and very little through intra-particle diffusion.
Wastewater Processing Technology Opportunities for Palm Oil Mill Effluent as a Raw Material for Renewable Bioenergy Andri Gumilar; Mindriany Syafila; Marisa Handajani; Ilham Anggamulia; Syarif Hidayat
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.13

Abstract

The effect of pH on the formation of hydrogen and ethanol using POME as the substrate has not been widely studied. Indonesia, which is the largest producer of palm oil, has a high potential for the utilization of this liquid waste as a substrate for the formation of hydrogen and ethanol. This study determined the optimum hydrogen and ethanol production conditions by controlling pH. POME was used as substrate in an anaerobic reactor and operated in feed batch mode for 72 hours. Mixed culture anaerobic bacteria as biomass were used in the reactor. The pH of the reactor was adjusted to 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 using NaOH 0.1 N and HCl 0.1 N. The reactor’s performance was investigated by measuring hydrogen production, ethanol production, and volatile fatty acid product. It was found that with an initial pH of 5.5, hydrogen production was higher than for the other pH conditions, at about 14.7% v/v. In contrast, the most increased ethanol production occurred in the reactor with an initial pH of 6.5 with a concentration of 347.7 mg/L. Based on the results of this study, the right pH setting can optimize hydrogen and ethanol production.
The Presence of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Tropical Peat Water Yuniati Zevi; Muammar Qadafi; Suprihanto Notodarmojo
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.14

Abstract

The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in tropical peat water affects the appearance of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in natural water sources. However, information about the presence of THM and HAA in tropical peat water is still limited. This study was conducted to determine the presence of THMs and HAAs in tropical peat water taken from a canal and a river in Riau Peatland, Indonesia, influenced by the seasons and the tides. DOM was measured by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254 absorbance. The presence of THMs and HAAs was determined based on total THM4 and HAA5 and correlated with chloride and bromide concentrations. The concentrations of chloride and bromide in the river water were higher than in the canal water because of tidal influence. Total THM4 in canal water reached 22.70 ± 0.90 and 10.78 ± 0.71 µg/L in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, but only reached 16.64 ± 1.93 and 5.52 ± 0.05 µg/L in the river water. In contrast to THM4, total HAA5 in the river water was higher than in the canal water and reached 104.01 ± 4.67 and 106.39 ± 9.53 µg/L in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, but only reached 9.83 ± 0.48 and 56.87 ± 6.11 µg/L in the river water. THM4 predominated in the dry season while HAA5 predominated in the rainy season.
Simulation Model of Enhancing Performance of TCP/AQM Networks by Using Matlab Ghada Adel Aziz; Manal Hadi Jaber; Mohammed Qasim Sulttan; Salam Waley Shneen
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.4

Abstract

Internet networks are becoming more crowded every day due to the rapid development of modern life, which causes an increase in the demand for data circulating on the Internet. This creates several problems, such as buffer overflow of intermediate routers, and packet loss and time delay in packet delivery. The solution to these problems is to use a TCP/AQM system. The simulation results showed that there were differences in performance between the different controllers used. The proposed methods were simulated along with the required conditions in nonlinear systems to determine the best performance. It was found that the use of optimization Department of Electro-mechanical Engineering, University of Technology - Iraq tools (GA, FL) with a controller could achieve the best performance. The simulation results demonstrated the ability of the proposed methods to control the behavior of the system. The controller systems were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the performance was better with the use of GA-PIDC compared to both FL-PIDC and PIDC in terms of stability time, height, and overrun ratio for a network with a variable queue that was targeted for comparison. The results were: the bypass ratio was 0, 3.3 and 21.8 the settling time was 0.002, 0.055, and 0.135; and the rise time was 0.001, 0.004 and 0.008 for GA-PIDC, FL-PIDC and PIDC, respectively. These results made it possible to compare the three control techniques.
Geothermal System in Parang Wedang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Mochamad Iqbal; Bella Restu Juliarka
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.6

Abstract

Geothermal manifestations in Parangtritis, Indonesia, known as Parang Wedang Hot Spring, indicate a geothermal system in the subsurface. This circumstance motivated our research to model the Parang Wedang geothermal system in order to determine its subsurface conditions. Geological mapping, the geophysical method, and geochemical analysis were integrated to produce a conceptual model of the Parang Wedang geothermal system. The study area consists of structural hills, karst hills, and eolian plains with andesite breccias, limestone, andesite, and sand deposits as lithological variations. The results of magnetic modeling indicate that the research area is associated with the presence of an andesite intrusion and shows a NE-SW trending geological structure that is thought to be a path for hydrothermal fluid to the surface. Geochemical analysis was performed at two hot springs with temperatures of 47 °C and 49 °C. Geothermometer calculation showed that the geothermal reservoir in Parang Wedang has a temperature of 100 to 120 °C, a depth of about 180 to 285 m, and can be classified as a low enthalpy geothermal system.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube–Titanium Dioxide Hybrid Structure and Photodegradation Yuyun Irmawati; Shofia Manzalini; Bambang Sugeng; Sudirman Sudirman; Harayasu Asahara; Rike Yudianti
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.7

Abstract

Decoration of a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) surface with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was designed to improve its photocatalytic degradation performance. Structural decoration was achieved by microwave heating at various mass ratios (1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16 wt.%) of titanium (IV) isopropoxide as precursor. The hybrid structure of TiO2/f-MWCNT was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallite form of the TiO2 nanoparticles was further studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HR–TEM. We report the conformation of high-density TiO2 coated on an f-MWCNT surface at a mass ratio of 1:16 wt.%. XRD analysis revealed a structural transformation from mixture phase (anatase–brookite) at mass ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 wt.% to fully anatase phase for mass ratios of 1:8 and 1:16 wt.%. The transformation was also confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and HR–TEM analysis. Our results showed that anatase phase plays a significant role in photodegradation activity.

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