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Jurnal Fisika Unand
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23028491     EISSN : 26862433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Makalah yang dapat dipublikasikan dalam jurnal ini adalah makalah dalam bidang Fisika meliputi Fisika Atmosfir, Fisika Bumi, Fisika Intrumentasi, Fisika Material, Fisika Nuklir, Fisika Radiasi, Fisika Komputasi, Fisika Teori, Biofisika, ataupun bidang lain yang masih ada kaitannya dengan ilmu fisika.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika Nuklir dan Molekuler, dan Ooptik
Articles 1,782 Documents
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Tinjauan Klimatologis Kejadian Banjir Bandang di Kabupaten Lahat, Sumatera Selatan Tanggal 5 Juli 2023 Mediany, Shinta; Haryanto, Yosafat Donni; Fadlan, Ahmad
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.279-290.2025

Abstract

BPBD reported that a flash flood occurred in Lahat Regency due to high rainfall in the early hours of Wednesday, July 5, 2023. This led to an overflow of the Lematang River, causing flooding that submerged roads and parts of residential areas. Therefore, research is essential to understand atmospheric dynamics and review climatological conditions during the flash flood event in Lahat Regency, covering Pulau Pinang District, Lahat District, and Mulak Sebingkai District. This research is expected to serve as a scientific basis for mitigation and adaptation measures against hydrometeorological disasters. Global phenomena such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and monsoon activity have been analyzed. The analysis of local and regional-scale meteorological parameters was conducted using atmospheric reanalysis datasets from JRA-3Q, NCEP/NCAR, and NCICS. Additionally, a climatological review was carried out based on rainfall data from several cooperative rain gauge stations around the affected area, supplemented with GSMaP satellite data. The study indicates that the flash flood was caused by heavy to very heavy rainfall in the surrounding areas. This rainfall resulted from several factors, including the active MJO over the Indian Ocean, wind convergence, and the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) extending along the western part of Sumatra. The presence of a low-pressure area enhanced the potential for convective cloud formation, further intensified by atmospheric moisture levels exceeding 80% at the 850 mb layer, increasing water vapor content in the upper atmosphere. A historical data review shows that, climatologically, the rainfall during the flash flood event represented the highest recorded daily maximum rainfall for July within the observation period, surpassing pentad and decadal averages. The influence of global, regional, and local-scale phenomena contributed to the increased rainfall intensity in the flash flood-affected area.
Analisis Ketidakstabilan Lereng Berdasarkan Nilai Suseptibilitas Magnetik (Studi Kasus: Dua Lereng di Nagari Sikucur Tengah, Padang Pariaman) Mulia, Bagas Meiza; Budiman, Arif
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.205-211.2025

Abstract

A study has been conducted for slope instability analysis based on magnetic susceptibility values ​​in Nagari Sikucur Tengah, Padang Pariaman. Soil sampling was carried out on two tracks from slopes without vegetation (Path A) and slopes with vegetation (Path B) and one reference point. Measurement of magnetic susceptibility values ​​of samples using the Bartington Susceptibility Meter using two frequencies, namely low frequency (lf) and high frequency (hf). Based on the magnetic susceptibility value at low frequency (κlf), it was obtained that the magnetic minerals that control the reference point samples are ferrimagnetic, while samples from Path A and Path B are ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic, but some samples from Path B are ferrimagnetic. The relationship between the κlf value and the depth at the reference point shows a consistent pattern of decreasing values, while Path A and Path B fluctuate and the κlf value at Path A is much smaller than Path B from the reference point. Based on the frequency-dependent susceptibility value κfd, the sample of Path A is dominated by superparamagnetic domains, indicating that the sample has much smaller grains than the sample of Path B. Both slopes have experienced instability, where the slope of Path A has experienced higher instability than the slope of Path B.
Kajian Perubahan Garis Pantai Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara dengan Interpretasi Citra Penginderaan Jauh dan Digital Shoreline System Septianingsih, Dwi; Amalia, Isra; Johan, Septi; Lidiawati, Liza
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.218-227.2025

Abstract

The coastal area of ​​North Bengkulu often experiences abrasion and accretion processes, considering its location directly facing the vast waters of the Indian Ocean. This phenomenon can have an impact on changes in the coastline in the area. This study aims to identify changes in the coastline over time by utilizing multi-sensor satellite imagery from USGS. The focus is to measure changes in the distance of coastal areas in North Bengkulu Regency. Changes in the coastline in this area are calculated statistically using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The results of the average calculation of the distance of changes in the coastline from 2014 to 2023 in North Bengkulu Regency are influenced by quite large abrasion and accretion of -20.31 meters and 21.6 meters. The impact of accretion shows a higher value than abrasion due to the addition of land (sedimentation) in a number of river estuaries in North Bengkulu Regency. Changes in the coastline are influenced by the dynamics of seasonal winds and sea waves due to the East and West Monsoons, impacting coastal settlements, infrastructure, and ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangrove forests
Natural Clay yang Dimodifikasi Nikel dan Aplikasi Katalitik Untuk Produksi FAME : Efek Support dan Prekursor Nikel Admi, Admi; Mustika, Mega; Syukri, Syukri
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.235-241.2025

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the use of nickel modified clay as heterogeneous catalyst for the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from crude palm oil (CPO). The catalyst was prepared by Ni2+- exchanged cation supported on clay under controlled conditions. The results of X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) indicated that Ni2+- exchanged cation modified on support of clay. The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that support of clay with characteristic of kaolinite mineral. Effect of supports of clay (h-clay and c/h-clay) and effect of nickel precursors (nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate) on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts in the transesterification reaction of CPO were investigated. The obtained data showed that transesterification processes at oil/methanol ratio of 1 : 6, reaction temperature of 85 oC, catalyst/methanol ratio of 1 : 10, and reaction time of 4 h produced yield of 51,19% FAME, 1,9% FAME, 4,74% FAME, and 47,8% FAME for catalytic performance of h-clay, c/h-clay, h-clay/Ni-Sulfate and h-clay/Ni-Nitrate, respectively. Ni2+- exchanged cation supported on h-clay prepared using two different precursors, nickel nitrate indicating higher catalytic activity than nickel sulfate.
Penerapan Algoritma Deep Learning YOLOv8 pada Platform Roboflow untuk Segmentasi Citra Panoramik Mahdiyah, Luqyana; Oktamuliani, Sri; Putri, Wulandani Liza
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.228-234.2025

Abstract

Dental panoramic image segmentation plays a crucial role in dental diagnosis, as it aids in the identification of dental conditions and other oral structures more quickly and accurately. However, manual segmentation processes are often time-consuming and require specialized expertise. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based technology presents a potential solution to enhance efficiency. This study aims to develop a deep learning algorithm for automatic segmentation of dental panoramic images. The model used was trained with 302 dental panoramic images across 32 classes, encompassing 9009 teeth. The segmentation process was carried out on the Roboflow platform, which provides evaluation metrics to assess the model’s performance. Evaluation results revealed a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 95%, recall of 93.1%, and precision of 93.7%, indicating a high level of accuracy in detecting and segmenting teeth. However, challenges arise in certain image conditions, such as teeth that are reduced to roots or teeth positioned abnormally. Overall, the model demonstrates significant potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of dental panoramic image analysis. This research contributes significantly to the development of faster and more accurate AI-based dental diagnostic systems .
Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Physical Wedge Filter pada Dose Profile dan Percentage Depth Dose Pesawat Radioterapi Clinax-Cx di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas Alhafiz, Mohammad Randy; Adrial, Rico
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.2.184-190.2025

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the effect of using a physical wedge filter on the dose profile and Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) of the CLINAC-CX teletherapy device at Andalas University Hospital. This study aims to determine the shape of the dose profile and PDD curves formed from the use of physical wedges. Measurements were made with variations in photon beam energy (6 MV and 10 MV) and variations in the angle of the physical wedge filter (15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°). Data processing begins by calculating incomplete data from the LINAC using interpolation techniques. The data is then displayed in the form of a curve or graph using Microsoft Excel. The results of the PDD curve measurement showed no significant difference in the curve formed using or without a wedge. The resulting zmax did not differ much from each other, where for a 6 MV beam without a wedge it was 13.8 mm while the average wedge variation was 14.72 mm. The 10 MV beam variation showed a value of 23.4 mm and an average of 24 mm. The dose profile formed is influenced by the use of wedge, the comparison of the smallest and largest symmetry, flatness, and penumbra values. The smallest values ​​at 6 MV irradiation without wedge are respectively 2.1%, 3.1%, 7.1 mm, and 7.3 mm, while the largest with a wedge angle of 60°, 32.4%, 58.3%, 15.8 mm. The wedge factor between 6 MV and 10 MV shows no difference.
Peningkatan Kualitas Bio-Oil Hasil Pirolisis Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Berstandar Pelumas Organik Wiraya, Wira Arta; Rifaldi, Kornelius; Muljani, Srie; Siswati, Nana Dyah; Karaman, Novel
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.249-254.2025

Abstract

Palm kernel shells are biomass waste that has the potential to be processed into bio-oil through pyrolysis, but its quality needs to be improved to meet organic lubricant standards. This study aims to improve the quality of bio-oil through a transesterification process with activated carbon-NaOH catalyst and the addition of guar gum as a thickening agent. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300°C for 60 minutes, and transesterification at a temperature of 60°C for 2 hours with a methanol:bio-oil ratio of 6:1. The results showed that increasing the amount of catalyst up to 10% increased the yield of methyl ester, while the addition of guar gum increased the kinematic viscosity to 7.9 cst, approaching commercial lubricant standards such as top 1 Evo 5W-30 and pertamina fastron gold 5W-30. However, the flash point is still lower than industrial lubricants. Thus, the quality of bio-oil from palm kernel shell pyrolysis can be improved to approach organic lubricant standards, making it a more environmentally friendly alternative lubricant and has the potential for industrial applications.
Biokoagulan dari Daun Mangrove sebagai Koagulan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Aldriansah, Aldo; Acmad Abiyyu Yusuf Sinatrya Junardokham; Astuti, Dwi Hery; Wahyusi, Kidriari Nurma
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.291-297.2025

Abstract

The utilization of bio-coagulants derived from mangrove leaf tannins offers an eco-friendly alternative for treating tofu industry wastewater. This study aims to evaluate the effect of mangrove leaf weight and sonication time on extracted tannin content and its effectiveness in reducing pollution parameters. Extraction was conducted using a sonication–maceration method with 96% ethanol, varying leaf weights (10–50 grams) and sonication durations (20–100 minutes). Tannin content was analyzed by KMnO₄ titration, and the extract with the highest yield was applied to the coagulation process. The highest tannin yield (10.78%) was obtained using 50 grams of leaf and 100 minutes of sonication. Application of the bio-coagulant reduced BOD by 24.7%, COD by 29.1%, increased TSS by 49.3%, and raised the pH from 3.59 to 3.71. Although less efficient than alum, tannin shows potential as a natural coagulant. Further optimization involving coagulant combinations and pH adjustment is recommended to enhance performance.
Green Synthesis Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (Zno) dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kakao Sebagai Capping Agent: Green Synthesis Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (Zno) dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kakao Sebagai Capping Agent Repiani, Repiani; Handani, Sri; Puryanti, Dwi
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.212-217.2025

Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of cocoa leaf extract on ZnO nanoparticles as a capping agent. The concentrations of cocoa leaf extract were varied at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, and tested to observe their effects on crystal size, optical properties, and morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method with cocoa leaf extract. The success of the synthesis was indicated by the similarity of the peaks from the synthesized compounds to the standard ZnO peaks in the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The resulting crystal structure was hexagonal wurtzite, with crystal sizes for each extract concentration of 54.393 nm, 54.01 nm, 54.39 nm, 45.61 nm, and 38.45 nm, respectively. UV-Vis spectrometer analysis showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were relatively stable at wavelengths between 228 nm and 366 nm, with bandgap energy values for each extract concentration being 3.11 eV, 3.13 eV, 3.11 eV, 3.14 eV, and 3.15 eV, respectively. The UV-Vis results indicated that the bandgap energy increased with increasing concentrations of cocoa leaf extract, while the crystal size decreased, which was consistent with the XRD results. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with 4% cocoa leaf extract predominantly exhibited a spherical shape, with an average size of 45 nm.
PENENTUAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BATANG AGAM KOTA PAYAKUMBUH BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FISIKA DAN KIMIA Sri Agustianingsih, Maharani; Puryanti, Dwi; Purwanto, Eko
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.3.312-318.2025

Abstract

Research to identify the level of water quality of Batang Agam River in Payakumbuh City has been conducted based on physical and chemical parameters. Physical parameters in this study are temperature, electrical conductivity, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Chemical parameters in this study are acidity (pH) and heavy metals in the form of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The level of river water pollution is processed using the Pollution Index (IP) method and analyzed based on the class I quality standard of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The results of this study obtained that the temperature value of the Batang Agam River in Payakumbuh City in the Sumatra Region Balai Park (TBWS) area exceeds the quality standard value of 30.33⁰C. The pH and TDS values are still within the quality standard threshold of 6-9 and 1000 ppm respectively. The TSS value has exceeded the quality standard value of 40 ppm. The electrical conductivity value is still within the quality standard according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 of 1500 µs/cm. The concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Zn were 0.0495 mg/L, 0.0325 mg/L, and 0.0254 mg/L, respectively, with Cd and Pb concentrations exceeding the quality standard. Based on the measurement of water quality parameters, it is concluded that the level of pollution of the Batang Agam River in Payakumbuh City is classified as lightly polluted with an average IP value of 4.61, which cannot be used for drinking water and household purposes.

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