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Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik

MKKP
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Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18296971 EISSN : 24604461 DOI : 10.20543

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik (Journal of Leather, Rubber, and Plastics) publishes original research focused on materials, processes, and waste management in the field of leather, rubber, and plastics.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Tenik Industri dan Manufaktur

Articles 781 Documents

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Effect of vulcanization system and carbon black on mechanical and swelling properties of EPDM blends Mayasari, Hesty Eka; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

EPDM (Ethylene propylene diene monomer) is one of synthetic rubber that widely used in automotive. It must be vulcanized and added by other materials before used. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vulcanization system and the addition of carbon black (CB) to the mechanical properties and swelling characteristic of EPDM. This research used three vulcanization system, conventional vulcanization (CV), efficient vulcanization (EV) and semi-efficient vulcanization (SEV) with the variation of carbon black 50, 60, 70 phr (per hundred resin). This research showed that EV system resulted faster vulcanization time and lower delta torque than SEV and CV systems. This system also performed the highest tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength, while SEV system resulted the highest hardness. Furthermore, the conventional vulcanization system resulted the lowest swelling index.

Ketahanan n-pentana dan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet perapat dari campuran karet alam/akrilonitril-butadiena dengan kompatibiliser Kinasih, Norma Arisanti; Fathurrohman, Muhammad Irfan
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The improvement of the compatibility of natural rubber (NR)/acrilonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blend on rubber seal vulcanizate has been done by the addition of chloroprene rubber (CR) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as compatibilizer. Rubber seal compound was made of NR and NBR blend (BN) with CR (BCR), and ENR with epoxy content of 10% (BENR10), 20% (BENR20), 30% (BENR30), 40% (BENR40), and 50% (BENR50). The composition in each formula was homogenized, with comparison of NR:NBR at 40:60, and NR:compatibilizer:NBR at 40:5:55. That compounds were vulcanized with efficient system at 150oC. The addition of CR-compatilizer improved the curing characteristic, compression set, and n-pentane resistance of BN vulcanizate. Meanwhile, the addition of KAE-compatilizer improved the elasticity of BN vulcanizate. BENR elasticity and n-pentane resistance increased in line with the increasing level of epoxy content of ENR.Keywords: rubber seal, compatibilizer, n-pentane resistance, mechanical properties.Â

Pemisahan krom pada limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan gelatin dan flokulan anorganik Sugihartono, Sugihartono
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of the study was to determine the ability of gelatin, ferrous sulfate, aluminium sulfate, and combination of gelatin with ferrous sulfate or aluminium sulfate for total chromium content (trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium) separation from tannery wastewater. Reduction of total chromium content in the wastewater was conducted using combination of gelatin and ferrous sulfate or gelatin and aluminium sulfate with a ratio of 4:0; 3:1; 2:2; 1:3; and 0:4 (w/w). The results showed that gelatin, ferrous sulfate, and aluminium sulfate, were able to reduce total chromium content in the wastewater. Combination of gelatin/ferrous sulfate or gelatin/aluminium sulfate as flocculants provide synergistic work in reducing the total chromium content. A 94.75% removal of total chromium content was achieved by combining gelatine and aluminium sulfate with a ratio of 3:1, clearer wastewater, and followed by reduction of degree of turbidity up to 74.47%. The total chromium content after treatment was 0.61 ppm, which met the requirements of wastewater for business and or daily activities especially for tanning industry.

MKKP Vol. 32 No. 1 (2016) Reviewer Acknowledgement Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Utilization of poly(methyl methacrylate) rejection blended with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resins and the effect on product properties Setiawan, Achmad Hanafi; Roziafanto, Achmad Nandang
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

PMMA is one of the main raw materials for the injection molding process in the lens industries. Since this process requires extremely careful techniques to obtain lens with the best quality, it leads to a high rate of product rejection. These rejected products do not only pose an issue for the industrial environment and require storage space, their price also falls significantly. Among the solutions to this problem is to reuse the rejected products as substitute materials for the manufacture of another productâs part such as lamp holders. This process reuses rejected PMMA-containing products in the ABS base polymer industries so as to generate PMMA-containing products with better physical properties. In this experiment, 10 to 40 % (w/w) of rejected PMMA was blended with ABS resins. The monomer content in the ABS resins was analyzed by NMR. Moreover, the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the blended products were also examined. The NMR analysis showed that the resin contained 21.6 % butadiene monomer, in which its value was higher than the value required for materials with high-impact class application. The blend of resins and rejected PMMA (10-30% w/w) could increase the tensile strength value and decrease Izod impact strength and elongation percentage. The morphological analysis showed that this increased PMMA content may also result in widespread brittle areas. Since the blend was designed without compatibilizers, the DSC analysis indicated that the resulting blend in any ratios was not completely miscible. It was revealed that ABS resins containing 10% PMMA was the best blend for the polymer engineering application and this blend still had adequate properties and elastomer content required.Keywords: ABS, blending, properties, PMMA regrind.

Pengaruh mimosa pada penyamakan kulit jaket domba samak nabati menggunakan sistem C-RFP, ditinjau dari sifat organoleptis, fisis, dan morfologi kulit Sutyasmi, Sri; Widowati, Titik Purwati; Setyadewi, Noor Maryam
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of mimosa, to manufacture environmentally friendly leather for jacket by using the C-RFP system (C=Conditioning, R=Rapid, F=Fass (drum), P=Powder), on physical, organoleptic, and morphology properties of leather. It was also to obtain a formula for vegetable tanning with C-RFP system. Pickled skins are conditioned (pre-tanning) using Sodotan TSN and Sodotan APR, and then Sodotan TSN was chosen due to it meets the requirements of SNI leather for jacket (SNI 4593:2011). Then, pickled skins were tanned with mimosa and applied C-RFP system or rapid tanning without water added. Mimosa, used in this research, were 15%, 20%, and 25% and fatliquor were 12.5%, 15%, and 17.5%. Furthermore, The leather were finished into an environmentally friendly leather for jackets, and then tested for physical and organoleptic properties based on the SNI 4593:2011 as well as leather morphology (SEM). The physical test result shows that for mimosa 15%, 20% and 25%, and for fatliquor 15% and 17.5% are fullfill the SNI.

Peningkatan ketahanan oksidasi karet alam melalui pengikatan antioksidan 4-aminodifenilamina secara kimia Handayani, Hani; Maspanger, Dadi R.; Radiman, Cynthia L
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Natural rubber is very important in supporting the Indonesian economy from non-oil sector. However, natural rubber is not resistant to oxidation. Various attempts have been made to overcome the weaknesses; one of them is the addition of antioxidants as additives in the manufacture of rubber goods. However, it has the disadvantage of mechanical technique, including antioxidant blooming, resulting in failed products and decrease in antioxidants ability. The aim of this research is to improve the resistance of natural rubber from oxidation through the chemically-bound antioxidant into epoxidized latex. Fresh latex was deproteinized using 0.06 phr papain. Latex was epoxidized using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide at 70Â°C with stirring speed of 700 rpm for 3 hours. Then the 4-Aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA) antioxidant was added with three variations mole percent of 4-ADPA between 0.025 to 0.1 mol/100 grams of rubber, and four variations in temperature were applied (between 27-80Â°C). The results showed that the optimum condition for the binding was at 27Â°C at a dose of antioxidants as much as 0.1 mol/100 grams of rubber. The analysis of FTIR spectra revealed that the binding of 4-ADPA into the epoxidized latex was as much as 1.93 phr. The Rheometer curve analysis showed that the natural rubber bound 4-ADPA was more resistant to ageing based on the value of R300.Keywords: latex, antioxidant, epoxidation, 4-ADPA, natural rubber oxidation.

Kinetika vulkanisasi dan sifat mekanis komposit acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) Yuniari, Arum; Setyorini, Ike; Mayasari, Hesty Eka
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of this research was to study the effect of vulcanization temperature on mechanical properties and curing kinetics of NBR composites. The composites were formulated by using two types of carbon black i.e. N-330 and N-774. The curing kinetics was determined using Moving Die Rheometer. The network formation processes were related to torque and time. The vulcanizates were obtained by compression molding in a hydraulic press at 150Â°C and 160Â°C. The mechanical properties observed include tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength. Kinetics studies were approached by Arrhenius equation and the reaction mechanism was assumed following first order reaction. The results showed that curing kinetics can be approached by the equation from the rheometer data. The surface area of carbon black strongly influenced the mechanical properties and rate constant (k) of NBR composite. Carbon black N-330 can be used as a desirable reinforcing filler which gave a higher mechanical properties than the other type of carbon black.Keywords: curing kinetics, NBR, temperature, mechanics.

Pengaruh perbedaan jumlah penambahan binder uretan dan berbagai motif embossing terhadap kualitas kulit reject Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Prayitno, Prayitno; Pidhatika, Bidhari; Griyanitasari, Gresy
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Rejected tanned leather is tanned lether product with damages of more than 30% of its total surface area, but can be improved by embossing. Embossing is the provision of patterns that influences the properties of articles and contributes to the closure of the defects on the surface of leather. This study aims to determine the influence of urethane binder and embossing motives to the quality of rejected leather for shoe upper applications. Variables investigated were urethane binder composition (100, 150, and 200 part in 1000 part of base coat) and embossing motives (crocodile, ostrich, shark fish, and milled motive). The quality of the leather was then tested in terms of organoleptic properties (feel, flexibility, visual appearance), mechanical properties (tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, rub fastness (dry, wet), adhesive strength of cover paint (dry, wet), and flexing resistance), physical properties (WVP and WVA), as well as morphology (SEM). The results showed that the addition of urethane binder and embossing patterns affect the quality of shoe upper leather, i.e. in general covering the leather defects and increasing the visual appearance (organoleptic properties), and changing the collagen network structure (based on SEM test). Visually preferred skin is skin with the addition of 200 parts of the urethane binder and crocodile patterned leather.Â

Pengaruh bahan water repellent terhadap morfologi dan sifat-sifat fisika pada pembuatan kulit atasan sepatu ramah lingkungan Prayitno, Prayitno; Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Rahmawati, Dona
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The term of eco-friendly leather can be interpreted as chrome-free tanned leather. Recently, almost 80% of leather is tanned using chrome tanning agent because of the ease in processing and excellence of the physical properties. Nevertheless, people nowadays want an eco-friendly leather product. Vegetable tanning materials can be said as eco-friendly tanning material because their waste degrades easily. One of the weaknesses in the use of vegetable tanning is a high water absorption capability. In this research used a water repellent material that has the properties to suppress the ability of water absorption. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of water repellent on physical properties and morphology of leather tanned by vegetable tanning materials. Because one of the weaknesses in the vegetable tanning is its high water absorption capability, in this research, water repellent was used and varied by 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15% . Physical properties obtained were compared with analysis of variance with the significance level of 95%. The water repellent increased from 5% to 15%. The results showed a decrease in water absorption capability from 77.6% to 65.39%, tearing strength from 41.64 to 20.05 kg/cm, tensile strength from 227.10 to 163.53 kg/cm2, and elongation at break from 57.11 to 49.68%, strong swelling and WVA have no significant changes, while for WVP, the maximum use of water repellent at 12.5%. SEM results indicate the presence of a thin layer on the leather fiber that can inhibit the absorption of water.Keywords: water repellent, upper leather, vegetable tanning, water absorption.

Page 35 of 79 | Total Record : 781

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