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Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik

MKKP
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Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18296971 EISSN : 24604461 DOI : 10.20543

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik (Journal of Leather, Rubber, and Plastics) publishes original research focused on materials, processes, and waste management in the field of leather, rubber, and plastics.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Tenik Industri dan Manufaktur

Articles 781 Documents

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Karakteristik termogravimetri dan kinetika dekomposisi EPDM dengan bahan pengisi carbon black Mayasari, Hesty Eka; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The thermal characteristics of a material are important to learn in order to know the thermal stability of the materials. Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a synthetic rubber that is widely used in industry due to its resistance to aging, ozone, and chemicals. The kinetic parameters and thermal decomposition of vulcanized EPDM were studied using thermogravimetric method with various vulcanization systems (efficient, semi-efficient, and conventional vulcanization system) and various carbon black (CB) as filler (50, 60, and 70 phr). Decomposition consist of two stages; the oxidation of EPDM and volatile matter loss then decomposition of EPDM. Kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition were approximated by the Coats Redfern equation. Activation energy and decomposed mass increases with decreasing content of CB. Vulcanized EPDM with CB as filler has fairly good resistance against thermal decomposition. The decomposition process can be viewed in detail in this paper.Keywords: EPDM, thermal decomposition, kinetic, thermogravimetric, carbon black.Â

Peningkatan mutu blanket karet alam melalui proses predrying dan penyemprotan asap cair Vachlepi, Afrizal
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Most of Indonesian rubber products SIR 20 are made from the material of raw rubber obtained from smallholders. However, the quality of this material is not good enough. Thus, quality improvement has to be carried out by manufacturers. The liquid smoke used during the blanket hanging process can improve the quality of the rubber products SIR 20. This research aimed to determine and study the effects of liquid smoke spraying and blanket-hanging duration on the drying factor, the dry rubber content, technical quality, vulcanization characteristics, and physical properties of vulcanized natural rubber. Treatments consisted of various hanging duration (6, 8, and 10 days, and without hanging) and spraying (with and without spraying of liquid smoke). The results showed that the spraying of liquid smoke on natural rubber blankets could improve the technical quality of the natural rubber, especially the values of Po and PRI. The spraying of liquid smoke could reduce the blanket hanging duration to 6-8 days. The blankets sprayed with liquid smoke had the optimum cure time of around 15 minutes and 19 seconds and the scorch time of around 3 minutes and 22 seconds. These values indicated that the vulcanization characteristics of blankets which were sprayed with liquid smoke were generally better than those of blankets which were not sprayed with liquid smoke.Keywords: liquid smoke, natural rubber, blanket quality, hanging.

Pembuatan seal tabung gas karet alam dengan filler pasir kuarsa sebagai pengganti karbon hitam Suharman, Suharman; Harun, M.
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research aimed to make natural rubber-based gas cylinder seals with quartz sand as the filler to replace carbon black. The experiments consisted of the use of 10 phr, 20 phr, 30 phr, 40 phr, and 50 phr of quartz sand. The gas cylinder seals produced underwent a test according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7655:2010. The test generated the following results: the value of hardness ranged from 51Â±6 to 60Â±5 Shore A, the value of tensile strength ranged from 67 to 72 kg/cm2, the value of elongation at break ranged from 414 to 457%, the value of the compression set ranged from 25 to 61%, after aging, and ozone resistance with no cracks. Natural rubber-based gas cylinder seals with quartz sand as the filler to replace carbon black met the requirements specified by SNI 7655:2010 in terms of the criteria of hardness, elongation at break, after aging and ozone resistance.Keywords: quartz sand, carbon black, gas cylinder seal.Â

Efektivitas penggunaan gambir sebagai bahan penyamak nabati sistem C-RFP untuk pembuatan kulit jaket dari kulit domba Sutyasmi, Sri
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Gambier is obtained from the extraction of leaves and young twigs of Uncaria gambir, a shrub that grows in Indonesia. Gambier contains tannin by 20% to 55% so that can be used as a vegetable tanning material using the C-RFP system (C=Conditioning, R=Rapid, F=Fass (drum), P=Powder). This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of gambier as a vegetable tanning material using the C-RFP system. Pickled leather underwent a tanning process using the C-RFP system with gambier as the tanning material at various percentages, namely by 15%, 20%, and 25%, to be processed as leather for jackets. The variations of oil used to keep the leather supple were 12.5%, 15%, and 17.5%. The tanned leather was then tested in terms of its organoleptic, physical, chemical, and morphological properties. Results of the organoleptic test and most of the results of the physical test showed that leather for jackets which was tanned using a vegetable tanning material met the requirements set out by SNI 4593: 2011 (sheepskin/goatskin leather for jackets). Results of the SEM test indicated that leather for jackets which was tanned using a vegetable tanning material displayed dense and strong skin tissue, and this proves that gambier is very effective for vegetable tanning using the C-RFP system.Keywords: C-RFP, gambier, vegetable tanning, environmentally friendly.

Peningkatan ketahanan suhu dingin kulit atasan sepatu melalui pengurangan daya penyerapan air dan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat fisik dan morfologi Prayitno, Prayitno; Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

A research has been undertaken to increase the cold resistance of upper leather by decreasing its water absorption ability. Fluorinated acrylic polymer, a water repellent substance, was added at fatliquoring and finishing stages of upper leather with different concentrations levels. Research findings showed that an increase in the water-repellent concentration, i.e. by 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15%, result in increases in tensile strength, tearing strength, and elongation at break, whereas decreases in water absorption ability. No significant differences for the other physical properties such as water vapor absorption, water vapor permeability, and flexing resistance and they met the standard for shoe leather. Results of scanning electron microscopy indicated an increased thin layer of water repellent on leather fibers as the water-repellent concentration increased. The leather fibers looked smoother, glistened, and thicker. This indicates the penetration of water repellent onto leather fibers.Keywords: water absorption, water repellent, cold resistance, upper leather.

The effects of finish type on permeability and organoleptic properties of python (Python reticulatus) skin finished leather Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

In the leather industry, there are many different types of finish, i.e. two-tone, transparent, semi aniline and opaque/solid color. The composition formulation of each finish type is different so each will impact not only on the performance but also on the properties of the finished leather. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of finish type (natural, aniline, semi-aniline, and two-tone) on permeability and organoleptic properties of python skin finished leather. This research focused on the finishing process with various finish types. The results showed that the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on water vapor permeability reduction is the highest when compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. Otherwise, the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on organoleptic properties is the lowest compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. The aniline I finish type has better organoleptic properties.Keywords: finish type, natural, aniline, semi-aniline, two-tone, python skin.

Analisis sifat fisika pemanfaatan pati tandan kosong sawit dan limbah plastik LDPE sebagai bahan pembuatan plastik biodegradabel Hidayani, Tengku Rachmi; Pelita, Elda; Gusfiyesi, Gusfiyesi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research aimed to overcome the issue of plastic packaging waste that accumulates in nature because synthetic polymers cannot be easily unraveled by bacteria. Biodegradable plastics were produced by mixing waste of plastics of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) with starch of empty palm fruit bunches, modified with the addition of maleic anhydride as a crosslinking agent. To produce biodegradable plastics, different compositions of LDPE waste, starch of empty palm fruit bunch, maleic anhydride, and benzoyl peroxide were used, namely (90: 10: 1: 1), (80: 20: 1: 1), (70: 30: 1: 1), and (60: 40: 1: 1). Research stages consisted of extraction of starch from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB); preparation of biodegradable plastic powder with the reflux method and xylene solvents; and making of biodegradable plastics using the press molding method. Based on the results of characterization, it was revealed that the optimum condition was generated by biodegradable plastics with the composition of LDPE waste, starch of empty palm bunches, maleic anhydride, and benzoyl peroxide was equal to 60: 40: 1: 1, which generated the tensile strength value of 6.9410 N/m2, the elongation at break of 3.1875%, the the melting point temperature of 103oC, and the decomposition temperature of 384oC. Besides, the thermal gravimetric test generated a residue of 12.6% and results of the analysis on morphological properties suggested that the starch distributed evenly.Keywords: Biodegradable plastics, LDPE waste, LDPE-g-MA, starch, palm empty fruit bunch.

Pengaruh bahan pengisi serat kaca terhadap sifat fisik dan kristalinitas polipaduan PC/ABS Nurhajati, Dwi Wahini; Sholeh, Muhammad; Indrajati, Ihda Novia; Setyorini, Ike
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research aimed to determine the effects of the addition of glass fibers on the physical and crystallinity properties of PC/ABS polyblends. The ratio of PC/ABS used in this research was 75/25, while the addition of glass fibers ranged from 0; 5; 10; to 15 phr (based on the weight of PC/ABS). Polyblends of PC/ABS/glass fibers were prepared in a twin screw extruder. The test results showed that density and tensile strength of PC/ABS polyblends increased with an increase in the glass fiber content. The presence of glass fibers decreased MFI and impact strength of these PC/ABS polyblends. The functional groups were determined by the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer while crystallinity was examined using X-ray diffractometer (XRD).Keywords: PC/ABS polyblend, glass fiber, physical properties, crystallinity.

Influence of some mechanical finishing processes on manufactured leather properties Nasr, Ahmed Ibrahim
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of using some mechanical finishing processes on final properties of produced leather types. Nappa, nubuck, pigmented and corrected grain leather types were produced by applying some of the following operations: hang drying, vacuum drying, molissa staking, drum milling, buffing, spraying and/or embossing surface with extreme pressure. Hydrophobic-hydrophilic status, scanning electron micrographs, organoleptic and mechanical properties were determined on all finished leather types. Results showed that water behavior was hydrophobic for nappa leathers, while it was hydrophilic with the rest of produced leather types. Buffing surface in nubuck leather increases the water absorption and water vapor permeability, while the opposite was found when applying external coat layer in pigmented and corrected grain leathers. Applying vacuum drying in nappa leathers increases surface smoothness and surface water contact angle while decreases tensile and tearing strengths. These results elucidate that all studied leather types are suitable for manufacturing purposes except nubuck leather which is not recommended for footwear uppers manufacturing due to its high water absorption. The present study emphasized that while mechanical finishing processes could have profound effects on leathers surface behavior, they must be adequate to the requirements and properties of the end products.

Determination of vulcanization rate constant, crosslink density, and free sulfur content on carbon black flled EPDM Setyorini, Ike; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Diï¬erent ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composite with the carbon black (CB) variation of 50, 60, and 70 phr (per hundred rubbers) is compounded by using an efcient (EV), semi-efcient (SEV), and conventional (CV) sulfur vulcanization systems. This research aims to investigate the eï¬ect of vulcanization systems and carbon black content on the vulcanization rate constant, the crosslink density, and the free sulfur content. This research shows the EV system resulting in the fastest vulcanization rate constant (0.0191/second), the lowest overallcrosslink density (0.0022 mol.cm-3), and the highest percentage of free sulfur content in the EPDM vulcanization (0.40 %). The CV system provides the slowest vulcanization rate constant (0.0061/second) and the highest overall crosslink density (0.0034 mol/cm-3). The percentage of free sulfur content in the EPDM vulcanization of CV system is between EV and SEV systems. The SEV system provides the vulcanization with the characteristic of vulcanization rate constant and overall crosslink density between EV and CV systems as well as provides the lowest percentage of free sulfur content (0.29 %). The higher carbon black loading in each vulcanization systems means the lower rate constant of vulcanization and the higher overall crosslink density.

Page 36 of 79 | Total Record : 781

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