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Pengaruh aplikasi nitrogen lepas lambat dan bio elisitor terhadap fisiologi dan hasil tanaman (Oryza sativa L.) Dwiningsih; Totok Agung Dwi, Haryanto; Purwanto, Purwanto
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.45850

Salah satu alternatif dalam peningkatan efisiensi pemupukan adalah penggunaan nitrogen lepas lambat. Elisitor dapat meningkatkan penyerapan nutrisi dari tanah, ketahanan tanaman pada serangan hama dan penyakit serta mengurangi pemakaian pupuk kimia sintetis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi pupuk nitrogen lepas lambat dan bio elisitor (biosaka) terhadap fisiologi dan hasil produksi pada dua varietas tanaman padi yaitu Inpari Unsoed P20 Tangguh dan Inpari 47 WBC. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan Kebun Benih Bojongsari BBTPH Wilayah Banyumas menggunakan metode eksperimental rancangan acak kelompok faktorial (RAK) yang meliputi 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian N-ZEO-SR Plus memperbaiki aspek fisiologi dan meningkatkan hasil tanaman padi sebesar 47,86% pada level N-ZEO-SR Plus 500 kg ha-1. Pengaruh bio-elisitor terhadap gabah kering giling (GKG) berkaitan dengan N-ZEO-SR Plus. Terdapat saling keterkaitan antara varietas, bio elisitor dan N-ZEO-SR Plus pada fisiologi tanaman padi. Penggunaan pupuk N-ZEO-SR Plus dan bio elisitor pada dua varietas padi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan tanaman. ABSTRACT One of the alternatives to improve fertilization efficiency is the use of slow-release nitrogen. Elicitor can increase nutrient absorption from the soil, plant resistance to pests and diseases, and reduce the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. This study aimed to examine the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and the bio-elicitor (biosaka) on the physiology and yield of two rice varieties (Inpari Unsoed P20 Tangguh and Inpari 47 WBC). The research was conducted at the Bojongsari Seed Farm, BBTPH Banyumas Region, using an experimental design with a factorial randomized block design comprising 12 treatment combinations and three replications. The results showed that applying N-ZEO-SR Plus improved physiological parameters and increased rice yield by 47.86% at a rate of 500 kg ha-1. The effect of bio-elicitors on dry-milled grain was related to N-ZEO-SR Plus. There was a relationship between varieties, bio-elicitors, and N-ZEO-SR Plus on rice plant physiology. The use of N-ZEO-SR Plus fertilizer and bio-elicitors on two rice varieties did not affect plant health.

Mutu awal benih cabai rawit hiyung berdasarkan tingkat kemasakan dan metode ekstraksi Atuf, Muhammad Syamsudin; Ismuhajaroh, Baktinur; Jawak, Gani
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.47973

The ripening stage of chili fruits constitutes a critical factor affecting seed quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fruit ripening stage and extraction method on the initial quality of Hiyung chili seeds. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors: ripening stage (W) and extraction method (E). The ripening stage factor comprised four levels: green (W1, Strong Yellow Green 143A), brown (W2, Light Olive 152A), orange (W3, Vivid Reddish Orange N30A), and red (W4, Vivid Red 44A), as determined using the RHS Color Chart. The extraction methods included manual (E1) and blender extraction (E2). In total, eight treatment combinations were evaluated, each replicated four times, resulting in 32 experimental units. Seed quality was assessed using the paper germination test with 50 seeds per replicate. The parameters measured included initial moisture content (MC), germination percentage (GP), growth rate (GR), vigor index (VI), germination uniformity (GU), and seed electrical conductivity (EC). The MC across all treatments ranged from 74% to 85%. Seeds from the red maturity stage (W4) exhibited the highest GP and GU, recorded at 24% and 6.75%, respectively. The highest GR was observed in the orange maturity stage (W3) treatment (1.92%). All treatments yielded a vigor index of 0%. The combination of red maturity stage with manual extraction (W4E1) resulted in the highest GP, GU, and GR values of 33%, 10%, and 2.67%, respectively. The ripening stage significantly influenced seed quality parameters, specifically GP, GU, and GR. The extraction method had no significant effect on these parameters. However, the interaction between ripening stage and extraction method significantly affected GP and GU.

Respon kultur antera tembakau terhadap media bernutrisi dan AgNPs secara in vitro Khozin, Mohammad Nur; Ahnaf, Yusuf Dary; Dewanti, Parawita; Restanto, Didik Pudji; Iryono
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.49119

Tanaman tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) merupakan tanaman musiman bernilai ekonomi tinggi, namun produksinya di Indonesia terus mengalami penurunan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penggunaan varietas hibrida dapat menjadi solusi karena memiliki produktivitas dan ketahanan penyakit yang lebih baik, tetapi pembentukannya secara konvensional memerlukan waktu lama. Teknik kultur antera dapat digunakan untuk mempercepat pembentukan galur murni karena menghasilkan tanaman homozigot hanya dalam satu generasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi antara jenis media kultur (MS dan Chu’s N6) dengan penambahan beberapa konsentrasi Nanopartikel silver (AgNPs) yaitu 0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10,0 mg L⁻¹ terhadap pertumbuhan antera tembakau secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan diuji lanjut DMRT dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS merupakan media terbaik dalam mempercepat dan memperbanyak induksi swelling, kalus, tunas, dan akar, sedangkan konsentrasi AgNPs terbaik diperoleh pada 2,5 mg L⁻¹ yang mampu meningkatkan respons pertumbuhan serta sedikit mengurangi tingkat kontaminasi media. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi media MS dan AgNPs dosis rendah mampu meningkatkan efisiensi regenerasi antera tembakau dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai protokol standar dalam produksi galur murni secara cepat, efisien, dan steril di laboratorium kultur jaringan. ABSTRACT Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a seasonal crop with high economic value, but its production in Indonesia has continued to decline in recent years. The use of hybrid varieties can be a solution because they have better productivity and disease resistance, but their conventional formation requires a long time. Anther culture techniques can be used to accelerate the formation of pure lines because they produce homozygous plants in just one generation. This study aims to determine the interaction between the types of culture media (MS and Chu's N6) with the addition of several concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), namely 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg L⁻¹ on the growth of tobacco anthers in vitro. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications, then the data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested with DMRT at the 95% level. The results showed that MS medium was the best medium in accelerating and increasing the induction of swelling, callus, shoots, and roots, while the best concentration of AgNPs was obtained at 2.5 mg L⁻¹ which was able to increase the growth response and slightly reduce the level of media contamination. The findings of this study indicate that the combination of MS medium and low-dose AgNPs can increase the efficiency of tobacco anther regeneration and has the potential to be used as a standard protocol in the production of pure lines quickly, efficiently, and sterilely in tissue culture laboratories.

Aplikasi giberelin (GA3) pada bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L) lokal eban untuk meningkatkan Produksi dan mutu benih di dataran tinggi Tefa, Anna; Kofi, Antonius; Manehat, Arnoldus; Ceunfin, Syprianus; Rusae, Aloysius
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.49154

Pengembangan bahan tanam bawang merah dari biji botanis (True Shallot Seed) merupakan salah satu inovasi teknologi dalam meningkatkan kualitas benih. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa giberelin (GA3) mampu menginduksi pembungaan dan meningkatkan produksi true shallot seed (TSS) pada bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan konsentrasi giberelin dan lama perendaman yang pengaruhnya paling baik terhadap hasil umbi, produksi true shallot seed (TSS) dan mutu benih bawang merah lokal Eban. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2024 di Desa Saenam, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU) dan Laboratorium Universitas Timor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi giberelin dengan empat taraf yaitu 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, dan 300 ppm. Faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman dengan tiga taraf yaitu 30, 45 dan 60 menit. Hasil Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (Duncan's Multiple Range Test/DMRT) menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi giberelin 200 ppm dan lama perendaman 30 menit menghasilkan jumlah umbi pertanaman 12,33 umbi, berat kering umbi 168,51 g pada konsentrasi giberelin 200 ppm dan lama perendaman 60 menit. Konsentrasi giberelin 300 ppm dan lama perendaman 30 menit meningkatkan persentase tanaman berbunga 54,50%, konsentrasi 100 ppm dan lama perendaman 30 menit meningkatkan jumlah kapsul bernas per umbel 17,67 dan jumlah biji per umbel 37,00. Uji mutu benih TSS yang dihasilkan oleh umbi yang diberi konsentrasi giberelin 300 ppm dan lama perendaman 30 menit menghasilkan potensi tumbuh maksimum 14,66% dan daya berkecambah 14,66%. Perendaman umbi dengan giberelin belum mampu menghasilkan benih dengan viabilitas sesuai standar benih bermutu, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lanjutan. ABSTRACT The development of shallot planting material from botanical seeds (True Shallot Seed) is one of the technological innovations in improving seed quality. Several research results show that gibberellin (GA3) can induce flowering and increase the production of true shallot seed (TSS) in shallots. This study aimed to determine the gibberellin concentration and soaking duration that had the best effect on bulb yield, true shallot seed (TSS) production and seed quality of local Eban shallots. The experiment was conducted from June to October 2024 in Saenam Village, North Central Timor Regency (TTU) and the Timor University Laboratory. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor was gibberellin concentration with four levels: 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. The second factor was soaking duration with three levels: 0, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results of Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) analysis showed that gibberellin concentration of 200 ppm and soaking duration of 30 minutes resulted in 12.33 tubers per plant, dry weight of bulbs of 168.51 g at gibberellin concentration of 200 ppm and soaking duration of 60 minutes. Gibberellin concentration of 300 ppm and soaking duration of 30 minutes increased the percentage of flowering plants by 54.50%, concentration of 100 ppm and soaking duration of 30 minutes increased the number of full capsules per umbel by 17.67 and the number of seeds per umbel by 37.00. The quality test of TSS seeds produced by bulbs given gibberellin concentration of 300 ppm and soaking duration of 30 minutes resulted in a maximum growth potential of 14.66% and germination power of 14.66%. Soaking bulbs with gibberellin has not been able to produce seeds with viability according to quality seed standards, so further research is needed.

Respon morfologi dan parameter genetik karakter biomassa sorgum lokal Indonesia induksi radiasi sinar gamma Zendrato, Yuniel Melvanolo; Kurnia, Theresa Dwi
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.49631

Pengembangan program diversifikasi diperlukan untuk menjawab permasalahan pangan dan bioenergi di Indonesia. Tanaman sorgum lokal dapat menjadi alternatif komoditas strategis untuk menjawab tantangan ini, dengan mengkaji kajian keragaman genetik dan potensinya. Pemuliaan mutasi dengan irradiasi sinar gamma dapat meningkatkan keragaman tanaman sorgum yang diarahkan untuk seleksi kandidat unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon morfologi dan parameter genetik karakter biomassa sorgum lokal Indonesia yang diinduksi melalui iradiasi gamma. Tujuh varietas sorgum Indonesia diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500 Gy) dan ditanam pada kondisi lingkungan suhu berkisar 23-28 oC, curah hujan 3316 mm per tahun, dan pH tanah 5,8. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan keragaman genetik varietas lokal sorgum yang diindikasikan dengan interaksi antara varietas dan dosis sinar gamma yang signifikan (p-value < 0.001) pada beberapa karakter pengamatan. Karakter biomassa memiliki korelasi positif dengan tinggi tanaman (r=0.92) dan karakter lain seperti diameter batang, karakter daun, dan brix. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan brix memiliki heritabilitas >0,87 dan kemajuan genetik persentase rata-rata yang tinggi (GAM) >27,83) sehingga karakter ini dijadikan karakter seleksi untuk biomassa sorgum. Ada 10 genotipe sorgum yang diseleksi berdasarkan indeks seleksi yang mengarah ke biomassa sorgum, yaitu S1R2, S1R1, S7R2, S6R0, S6R4, S6R5, S6R2, S2R0, S4R3, dan S1R0. Genotipe ini dapat digunakan sebagai materi genetik untuk program pemuliaan sorgum sebagai bioenergi masa depan di Indonesia. ABSTRACT The development of diversification programs is necessary to address food and bioenergy issues in Indonesia. Local sorghum can be used as strategic commodity alternative to address these challenges by examining genetic diversity and potential. Mutant breeding using gamma irradiation can increase the diversity of sorghum for the selection of superior candidates. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological response and genetic parameters of biomass characteristics of local Indonesian sorghum induced by gamma irradiation. Seven Indonesian sorghum varieties were irradiated with gamma rays (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy) and planted in environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from 23 to 28 °C, annual rainfall of 3316 mm, and soil pH of 5.8, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed an increase in the genetic diversity of local sorghum varieties, as indicated by a significant interaction between variety and gamma ray dose (p-value < 0.001) in several observed traits. Biomass traits had a significant positive correlation with plant height (r=0.92) and other traits such as stem diameter, leaf traits, and brix. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and brix had high heritability (>0.87) and genetic advance per mean (GAM, >27.83), making these traits suitable for selection for sorghum biomass. There are 10 sorghum genotypes selected based on selection indices that lead to sorghum biomass, namely S1R2, S6R0, S1R1, S7R2, S6R4, S6R5, S6R2, S2R0, S4R3, and S7R1. These genotypes can be used as genetic material for sorghum breeding programs for future bioenergy in Indonesia.

Keragaan agronomi dan korelasi komponen hasil galur turunkan esensial padi biofortifikasi inpari IR nutri zinc Rohaeni, Wage Ratna; Yullianida; Sulistiyo, Satria Putra; Muliani, Yenny; Ginting, Sulaiman
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.49633

Galur turunan esensial merupakan kelompok tanaman hasil pemuliaan padi yang memiliki sifat unggul dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai varietas baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan serta hubungan antar komponen hasil terhadap produktivitas galur turunan esensial yang dibandingkan dengan varietas tetua Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. Pengujian dilaksanakan pada akhir Januari hingga Juni 2025 di IP2SIP Muara, Bogor, menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap terpadu dengan empat ulangan. Galur BP35650*4-SKI-1-3-KNG-0-SKI-0 memiliki umur paling genjah dibandingkan tetua Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. BP35650*4-SKI-38-2-KNG-0-SKI-0 postur tanaman nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. Semua galur menunjukan tidak berbeda nyata dengan pada karakter Gabah kering Giling (GKG) dengan tetua backcross Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. Beberapa galur mengalami perbaikan karakter ukuran gabah dari tetua backcross (Inpari IR Nutri Zinc = 22,85 g), diantaranya: BP35650*4-SKI-1-3-KNG-0-SKI-0 (25,38 g), BP35650*4-SKI-16-1-KNG-0-SKI-0 (24,83 g), BP35650*4-SKI-19-2-KNG-0-SKI-0 (25,60 g), dan BP35650*4-SKI-22-3-KNG-0-SKI-0 (24,83 g). Jumlah gabah isi permalai menunjukan korelasi kuat terhadap hasil panen pada pengujian ini. Sebaliknya, panjang malai dan bobot 1000 butir memiliki hubungan yang lemah atau bahkan negatif terhadap hasil. Temuan ini memberikan dasar dalam pemilihan galur potensial yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi dan mendukung upaya pengembangan varietas padi unggul. ABSTRACT Essential derived rice lines are a group of breeding lines that have superior properties and have the potential to be developed as new varieties. This study aims to evaluate the diversity and relationship between yield components to the productivity of essential derivative strains compared to the parent variety Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. The test was carried out from the end of January to June 2025 at IP2SIP Muara, Bogor, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. The BP35650*4-SKI-1-3-KNG-0-SKI-0 strain (106 hst) has the longest lifespan compared to the Inpari IR Nutri Zinc elder (109 hss). BP35650*4-SKI-38-2-KNG-0-SKI-0 (107.1 cm) real plant posture is higher than Inpari IR Nutri Zinc (99.3 cm). All strains show no real difference from the character of GKG with the elder backcross Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. Several lines showed larger grain size compared to Inpari IR Nutri Zinc (22,85 g), including: BP35650*4-SKI-1-3-KNG-0-SKI-0 (25.38 g), BP35650*4-SKI-16-1-KNG-0-SKI-0 (24.83 g), BP35650*4-SKI-19-2-KNG-0-SKI-0 (25.60 g), and BP35650*4-SKI-22-3-KNG-0-SKI-0 (24.83 g). The number of filled grains per panicle has a strong correlation with the yield in this research. In contrast, panicle length and weight of 1000 grains had a weak or even negative relationship with results. These findings provide a basis for selecting potential strains that have high productivity and support efforts to develop superior rice varieties.

Pengaruh aplikasi silika terhadap produktivitas tanaman padi pada tanah sawah dengan status silika berbeda Frasetya, Budy; Suriadikusumah, Abraham; Joy, Benny; Sudirja, Rija
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.49997

Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas strategis dalam menjaga ketahanan pangan nasional. Berbagai upaya dilakukan agar hasil panen tanaman padi terus meningkat. Aplikasi silika (Si) pada tanaman padi masih jarang dilakukan oleh petani sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi terbaik aplikasi Si pada setiap status Si tanah sawah terhadap produktivitas tanaman padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan ulangan tidak sama. Terdiri dari sembilan perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasi antara status Si tersedia (rendah, sedang dan tinggi) dan aplikasi Si (tanpa pemupukan, ekstrak silika sekam padi 20 dan 40 mL L-1. Variabel penelitian yang diamati yaitu jumlah malai umur 84 dan 98 hari setelah tanam, berat kering biomassa jerami, berat gabah per 1000 butir, berat gabah per rumpun dan berat gabah konversi per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum aplikasi Si berbeda-beda bergantung pada status Si dalam tanah. Level optimum aplikasi Si diperoleh konsentrasi 11 dan 28 mL L-1 untuk Si tersedia sedang dan tinggi. ABSTRACT Rice is a strategic commodity for maintaining national food security. Various efforts are being made to increase rice yields. Application of silica (Si) on rice plants is still rarely carried out by farmers as an effort to increase rice productivity. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of Si application at each Si status of paddy soil for rice plant productivity. The method used in this study is an experimental method using a completely randomized design with unequal replications. Consisting of nine treatments, a combination of available Si status (low, medium and high) and Si application (no fertilization, rice husk silica extract 20 and 40 mL L-1). The research parameters observed were the number of panicles at 84 and 98 days after planting, dry weight of straw biomass, grain weight per 1000 grains, grain weight per clump and converted grain weight per hectare. The results indicated that the optimal Si application concentration varied according to the soil Si status. The optimum Si application was at concentration of 11 mL L-1 of 28 mL L-1 in paddy soil with a medium and high available Si status, respectively.

Nanoemulsion biopesticide formulated form Zingiber Purpureum extract and patchouli oil distillation waste for controlling bacterial leaf blight on rice Sundari, Dini; Sri Suharti, Woro; Istiqomah, Dina; Nur Amila, Alya
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.50001

Bacterial leaf blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases in rice crops. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of nanoemulsion biopesticides derived from bangle extract (Zingiber purpureum) and patchouli oil distillation waste in controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) in rice. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with six replications, including a control, nanoemulsion biopesticide concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm, and a bactericide as a positive control. The observed parameters included pathology (incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, and area under disease progression curve) and agronomic traits (plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of grains, 100-grains weight, root and shoot dry weight). The results showed that the application of biopesticide nanoemulsions, although it does not prolong the incubation period, was able to reduce disease intensity up to 8.7% compared to the control at a concentration of 2000 ppm and also lowered the rate of disease infection. The treatment did not have a significant effect on vegetative growth, however nanoemulsion biopesticides at concentrations above 1000 ppm increased production components, including grain number by 32% and 100-grain weight by 6.1% compared to the control. This study demonstrates that the nanoemulsion biopesticide formulation of bangle extract and patchouli oil distillation waste has the potential to be used as an environmentally friendly biopesticide to control Bacterial Leaf Blight while simultaneously increasing rice productivity. ABSTRAK Hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae merupakan salah satu penyakit paling merusak pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas biopestisida nanoemulsi berbahan ekstrak bangle (Zingiber purpureum) dan limbah penyulingan nilam dalam menekan hawar daun bakteri pada padi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan (kontrol, biopestisida nanoemulsi dengan konsentrasi 500, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 ppm, serta bakterisida sebagai kontrol positif) dengan enam ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi aspek patologi (masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, laju infeksi, dan area under disease progression curve) serta aspek agronomi (tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah malai, jumlah biji, bobot 100 biji, bobot kering akar dan tajuk). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun tidak memperpanjang masa inkubasi, aplikasi nanoemulsi biopestisida tetapi mampu menekan intensitas penyakit mencapai 8.7% dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada konsentrasi 2000 ppm serta menurunkan laju infeksi penyakit. Perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan respon terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif, namun biopestisida nanoemulsi dengan konsentrasi di atas 1000 ppm meningkatkan komponen produksi berupa jumlah biji sebesar 32% dan bobot 100 biji mencapai 6,1% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formulasi biopestisida nanoemulsi ekstrak bangle dan limbah nilam berpotensi digunakan sebagai biopestisida ramah lingkungan untuk mengendalikan hawar daun bakteri sekaligus meningkatkan produktivitas padi.

Genetic parameters and breeding strategies to enhance yield in local sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) germplasm from southeast Sulawesi Boer, Dirvamena; Muzuni, Muzuni; Warhamni, Warhamni
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.50991

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important food crop with strategic value for food security, dietary diversification, and the sustainability of rural livelihoods in Indonesia. Local sweet potato germplasm from Southeast Sulawesi represents a valuable genetic resource for breeding high-yielding and stress-resilient varieties. This study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity, heritability, trait correlations, and the direct and indirect contributions of agronomic traits to yield in 20 local sweet potato clones originating from Southeast Sulawesi. The experiment utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, measuring 14 agronomic and physiological traits. The study was conducted under lowland tropical humid agroecosystem conditions in the Kendari area. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, broad-sense heritability estimation, Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and path analysis. Significant genetic variation was observed for all evaluated traits, with heritability values ranging from 58.43% to 97.08%. Tuber weight and tuber number per plant were identified as the primary yield determinants, whereas internode length exhibited a significant negative effect. Stepwise regression and path analysis confirmed that tuber weight had the strongest direct effect on yield, followed by tuber number. The integrative analytical approach applied in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of causal relationships among agronomic traits. These findings indicate that selection based on tuber weight and number of tubers per plant, combined with regulation of excessive vegetative growth, may enhance yield efficiency and support the development of high-yielding, locally adapted sweet potato varieties for tropical agroecosystems. ABSTRAK Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) merupakan tanaman pangan penting yang memiliki nilai strategis dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan, diversifikasi konsumsi, dan keberlanjutan mata pencaharian masyarakat pedesaan di Indonesia. Plasma nutfah lokal ubi jalar dari Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan sumber daya genetik yang berharga untuk pemuliaan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi dan toleran terhadap cekaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi antarkarakter, serta kontribusi langsung dan tidak langsung sifat agronomi terhadap hasil pada 20 klon ubi jalar lokal asal Sulawesi Tenggara. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan, dan sebanyak 14 karakter agronomi dan fisiologis diamati. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada kondisi agroekosistem tropis lembap dataran rendah di wilayah Kendari. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, estimasi heritabilitas arti luas, korelasi Pearson, regresi stepwise, dan analisis lintasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik yang signifikan pada seluruh karakter yang diamati, dengan nilai heritabilitas berkisar antara 58,43% hingga 97,08%. Bobot umbi dan jumlah umbi per tanaman secara konsisten teridentifikasi sebagai penentu utama hasil, sedangkan panjang ruas menunjukkan pengaruh negatif yang nyata. Regresi stepwise dan analisis lintasan mengonfirmasi bahwa bobot umbi memiliki pengaruh langsung terbesar terhadap hasil, diikuti oleh jumlah umbi per tanaman. Pendekatan analisis integratif ini memberikan pemahaman komprehensif mengenai hubungan kausal antar karakter. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa seleksi berbasis bobot umbi dan jumlah umbi per tanaman, disertai pengendalian pertumbuhan vegetatif yang berlebihan, berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi hasil serta mendukung pengembangan varietas ubi jalar unggul yang adaptif terhadap agroekosistem tropis.

Respon mortalitas dan pertumbuhan nimfa menjadi imago wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) terhadap lima jenis insektisida pada beberapa populasi di pulau Jawa lintang cahya bhekti; siriyah, Siti latifatus; azizah, elia; Irfan, Budi
Jurnal AGRO Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/j.agro.51032

Wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) merupakan hama utama padi yang menyebabkan gejala hopper burn dan menjadi vektor penyakit virus. Pengendalian dengan insektisida masih menjadi pilihan utama petani, namun efektivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh riwayat penggunaan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh beberapa insektisida (fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, pymetrozine, imidakloprid, dan nikotin) terhadap mortalitas nimfa serta persentase keberhasilan perubahan nimfa menjadi imago dari enam populasi N. lugens (lima lapangan dan satu standar laboratorium). Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan tiga ulangan, dan data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA serta uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, dan pymetrozine memberikan mortalitas tinggi (>80%) sekaligus menekan keberhasilan nimfa menjadi imago (<12%). Imidakloprid menunjukkan efektivitas rendah dengan mortalitas hanya 31,2–45,7% dan keberhasilan imago >50%, mengindikasikan adanya ketahanan pada reseptor nikotinat asetilkolin. Nikotin menghasilkan mortalitas sedang (55,8–73,4%) dengan imago 25,6–38,2%, yang kurang presisten namun lebih ramah lingkungan. Perbedaan antar lokasi menunjukkan bahwa populasi dari Karawang dan Indramayu lebih toleran terhadap perlakuan insektisida dibanding populasi lainnya. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa evaluasi insektisida perlu mempertimbangkan mortalitas dan keberhasilan nimfa menjadi imago sebagai parameter subletal untuk mendukung strategi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang berkelanjutan. ABSTRACT The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) is a major rice pest that causes hopper burn symptoms and acts as a vector for viral diseases. Control with insecticides remains the primary option for farmers, but its effectiveness is greatly influenced by the history of use in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of several insecticides (fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, pymetrozine, imidacloprid, and nicotine) on nymph mortality and the percentage of successful nymph-to-adult emergence from six populations of N. lugens (five field populations and one laboratory standard population). The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replicates, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT follow-up tests at a 5% level. The results showed that fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, and pymetrozine caused high mortality (>80%) and suppressed the success rate of nymphs becoming adults (<12%). Imidacloprid showed low effectiveness with mortality of only 31.2–45.7% and adult emergence >50%, indicates resistance to acetylcholine nicotinic receptors. Nicotine produced moderate mortality (55.8–73.4%) with adult emergence of 25.6–38.2%, less persistent but more environmentally friendly. The result indicate that population from Karawang and Indramayu are more tolerant to insecticide treatment than other populations. These results confirm that insecticide evaluation should consider mortality and nymph-to-adult emergence success as sublethal parameters to support control strategies.

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA