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Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
ISSN : 14118033     EISSN : 26140101     DOI : 10.18196/mm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Mutiara Medika Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan (MMJKK) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting medical sciences generated from basic sciences, clinical, and community or public health research to integrate researches in all aspects of human health.
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Articles 934 Documents
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Tumor Cerebellopontine Angle Tri Wahyuliati
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v6i2.1897

Abstract

For about 85% of tumors in the region of the cerebellopontine angle is acoustic neuroma, 10% are meningiomas and 5% are epidermoid tumor. An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumour that develops in the acoustic or auditory nerve. The acoustic neuroma starts from schwann cells which cover the acoustic nerve and is sometimes therefore called a schwannoma.Hearing loss is the most frequent symptom. Vertigo or spinning occurs in about 20 percent of persons with acoustic neuroma. Early diagnose by signs and symptoms detection is very important in acoustic neuroma treatment. Unfortunately, misdiagnose becomes the problem in this step. The optimal test for excluding an acoustic neuroma is MRI. If an MRI cannot be done, CT scan should be obtained.About more than a half of all acoustic neuromas are presently treated with surgery. The recurrence rate of the tumor is about 3% after surgery. Overall, the risk of death from acoustic neuroma surgery is about 0.5 to 2 percent. Unexpected post-operative complications occur in roughly 20percent with more complications occurring in elderly and infirm individuals and those with large tumors. Surgical treatment where the brain is exposed is nearly always performed by a team of surgeons, usually including a neurologist, a neurosurgeon and an anesthesiolgist. Pathology anatomist is needed to make definitif diagnose.Sekitar 85% tumor yang tumbuh di daerah sudut serebelo pontin adalah neuroma akustik, sekitar 10% adalah meningioma dan sekitar 5% adalah tumor epidermoid. Neuroma akustik adalah tumor jinak yang tumbuh pada nervus akustikus, yang berasal dari sel schwann yang meliputi nervus akustikus sehingga disebut juga schwanoma.Gangguan pendengaran merupakan gejala yang paling sering ditemukan. Vertigo atau rasa berputar dirasakan pada sekitar 20% penderita. Diagnosa dini melalui pengenalan tanda dan gejala sangat penting dalam penatalaksanaan neuroma akustik. Sayangnya, hal ini seringkah terabaikan atau teijadi misdiagnosis. Pemeriksaan yang optimal adalah menggunakan MRI, namun jika hal itu tidak bisa dilakukan maka CT scan sebaiknya dilakukan.Sekitar lebih dari setengah kasus neuroma akustik diterapi melalui pembedahan. Angka kekambuhan setelah pembedahan sekitar 3%. Risiko kematian saat operasi sekitar 0,5 - 2%. Komplikasi setelah operasi muncul pada sekitar 20% penderita, yang paling banyak pada penderita usia dewasa serta pada tumor yang besar. Terapi pembedahan pada otak melibatkan tim yang terdiri dari dokter ahli saraf, bedah saraf dan ahli anestesi. Ahli patologi anatomi berperan dalam menentukan diagnosa pasti.
Gambaran Kejadian Wabah Diare dan Faktor-faktor Terkait di Dusun Senden Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Lendah Kabupaten Kulon Progo tahun 2005 - Kusbaryanto; Titik Hidayati
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 8, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v8i1.1649

Abstract

In Indonesia diarrhea is still a leading health problem because it causes extraordinary occurrence of illness followed by death. Thus, epidemiological study of diarrhea needs to be conducted. This study aimed to obtain a description of extraordinary occurrence of diarrhea and its related factors in Senden hamlet, Sidorejo, Lendah, Kulon Progo. This study was a total survey with an epidemiological explorative approach. Definite diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms found during detection and the etiology was confirmed by laboratory analysis of the water sample used by patients and patients’ stools. Primary data of patient was obtained through a total survey to find cases using a questionnaire. Case finding was done based on the report from a local community health center, followed by new cases finding consisting of name, sex, age, address, occupation, factors related with the occurrence of disease and history of illness. Secondary data was taken from the report of patient visit to community health center. Data was analyzed descriptively. The study was conducted in Senden hamlet, Sidorejo, Lendah, Kulon Progo on 20 November to 5 December 2005. Fifty patients were diagnosed to have diarrhea in Senden. From 50 diarrhea patients, 98% had nausea and vomiting, 96% with headache, 90% with epigastric pain, 72% with fever, 66% with mucous diarrhea, 56% with cold sweats and 26% with bloody mucous diarrhea. Attack Rate of diarrhea was 22.6%. The highest occurrence of diarrhea was at age of45-59 years old (33.93%) and the lowest occurrence at 0-4years old (1.78%). The area having most cases was sub-hamlet 57 (RT57) (82%). Based on the time of extraordinary occurrence of illness, the epidemic curve developed was a common source type. The cause of diarrhea was coliform bacteria. The most possible source and mode of transmission of diarrhea was drinking water contaminated with coliform bacterium through faeces. Factors related with the extraordinary occurrence of diarrhea in Senden included poor environmental sanitation and unhygienic people ’s behavior such as defecating in any places and not washing hands before eating.Di Indonesia penyakit diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama karena masih sering menimbulkan KLB dengan disertai kematian. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian epidemiologi penyakit diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kejadian luar biasa diare beserta faktor-faktor yang terkait di dusun Senden, Sidorejo, Lendah, Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini merupakan survei total dengan pendekatan epidemiologis eksploratif. Kepastian diagnosis didasarkan atas gejala klinis yang didapat selama pelacakan dan untuk mengetahui etiologi dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap sampel air yang digunakan maupun tinja penderita. Data primer penderita diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Pelacakan kasus dicari berdasarkan laporan Puskesmas setempat dilanjutkan dengan mencari kasus baru, meliputi nama, jenis kelamin, umur alamat, pekerjaan, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya penyakit dan riwayat penyakit. Data sekunder diambil dari catatan data kunjungan Puskesmas. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dusun Senden, Sidorejo, Lendah, Kulon progo pada 20 November - 5 Desember 2005. Penduduk dusun Senden yang didiagnosis diare sebanyak 50 orang. Dari 50 penderita diare, 98% mempunyai keluhan mual muntah, 96% dengan pusing, 90% dengan nyeri perut, 72% dengan demam, 66% dengan diare lendir, 56% dengan keringat dingin dan 26% dengan diare lendir darah. Attack rate diare 22,6%. Kejadian diare paling banyak pada usia 45-59 tahun (33,93%) sedangkan yang terkecil pada golongan umur 0-4 tahun (1,78%). Daerah yang paling banyak mengalami daerah adalah RT 57 (82%). Berdasarkan waktu kejadian KLB menunjukkan bahwa kurva epidemik yang terbentuk adalah tipe common source. Penyebab diare adalah bakteri koliform. Sumber dan cara penularan diare kemungkinan besar melalui sumber air minum yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteri coliform. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KLB diare di dusun Senden antara lain sanitasi lingkungan yang belum baik dan perilaku penduduk yang kurang menjaga higienis misalnya buang air besar di sembarang tempat, tidak cuci tangan sebelum makan.
Penghambat Siklooksigenase-2: Obat Analgesik Anti-inflamasi Nonsteroid (Ains) Masa Depan Wiwik Kusumawati
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 2, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v2i1.1504

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert its action through inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. These drugs act by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) which involved in PG synthesis. COX-lwhich is involv in PG synthesis may maintains normal gastric mucosa and influences kidney function. COX-2 a COX-1 homolog which is induced by inflammatory stimulan is inhibited by NSAIDs. The anti-inflammatory actions of NSAIDs are due to the inhibition of COX-2, whereas the unwanted side effects such as irritation of the stomach lining and toxic effect on the kidney are due to inhibition of the COX-1. In the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis, using NSAIDs with selective COX-2 inhibition show effective benefit with minimal gastrointestinal side effect.Obat analgesik anti-inflamasi nonsteroid (AINS) bekerja menghambat enzim cyclooxygenase (COX) sehingga sintesis prostaglandin (PG) juga terhambat. COX- 1 yang terlibat dalam sintesis PG dapat mempengaruhi fungsi ginjal dan pertahanan mukosa lambung, sehingga hambatan pada COX-1 oleh obat AINS dapa: menyebabkan timbulnya efek samping pada lambung dan ginjal. COX-2 suatu ho¬molog COX-1 terinduksi pada keadaan inflamasi dapat dihambat oleh obat AINS. Oleh karena itu obat AINS yang selektif menghambat COX-2 akan lebih menguntungkan terapi penyakit inflamasi seperti osteoartritis karena efek samping pada saluran cerna dan ginjal dapat dicegah.
Kejadian Komplikasi Vaskuler Pasien Pasca Intervensi Koroner Perkutan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Azizah Khoiriyati; Helwiyah Ropi; Cecep E Kosasih
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 13, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v13i3.2485

Abstract

Pasien pasca intervensi koroner perkutan (IKP) mempunyai risiko komplikasi vaskuler. Perawat di unit keperawatan kritis mempunyai peran penting dalam deteksi dini komplikasi vaskuler dengan melakukan pemantauan secara ketat pada pasien menggunakan lembar monitor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian komplikasi vaskuler pasien pasca intervensi koroner perkutan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif  dengan  jumlah sampel 46 pasien pasca-IKP yang dirawat di ruang Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Pemantauan dilakukan selama 6 jam periode tirah baring pasca-IKP pada semua pasien. Hasil pemantauan menunjukkan adanya komplikasi vaskuler yang meliputi komplikasi pada tempat pungsi dan vaskuler perifer. Komplikasi pada tempat pungsi meliputi sedikit perdarahan 45.7%, memar kecil 28.3% dan hematoma 1 cm 17.4%. Komplikasi vaskuler perifer meliputi akral dingin 21.73%, pucat pada ekstremitas 6.5%, kesemutan 8.7%, nadi distal lemah 10.9% dan CRT 2 detik 8.7%. Komplikasi yang terjadi pada pasien pascaintervensi koroner perkutan selama periode 6 jam yaitu komplikasi pada tempat pungsi (sedikit perdarahan, memar kecil dan hematom 1 cm, sedangkan komplikasi vaskuler perifer yang muncul yaitu  akral dingin,pucat pada ekstremitas, kesemutan, nadi distal lemah dan CRT 2 detik. Pemantauan pasien pada tempat pungsi dan komplikasi vaskuler perifer sebagai langkah deteksi dini komplikasi vaskuler pasien pasca intervensi koroner perkutan perlu dilakukan. Post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients are at risk for vascular complications. Nurses in critical care nursing unit have a vital role such as closely monitor post PCI patients for early detection of vascular complications. The purpose of the study was to know  the incidence of vascular complications of post PCI patients. This was a descriptive study with sample size of 46 post PCI who were treated in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Each patient was monitored over a period of bed rest (6 hours) after PCI procedure. The incidence of vascular complications including complication at the puncture site and peripheral vascular complications. Complication at the puncture site including little bleeding 45,7%, small bruise 28,3% and hematoma 1 cm 17,4%. Peripheral vascular complication including cold in lower extremities 21,7%, pale in extremities 6,5%, tingling 8,7%, weak distal heart rate 10,9%, Capilarry Reffil Time 2 second  8,7%. Complications that occur in patients with post percutaneous coronary intervention over a period of 6 hours are complications at the puncture site including little bleeding,  small bruise, and hematoma. Peripheral vascular complication including cold in lower extremities, pale in extremities,tingling, weak distal heart rate, capilarry reffil time 2 detik. The monitoring of puncture site and peripheral vascular complications as an early detection effort to minimize the incidence of vascular complications of post PCI patients.
Penggunaan Ranah Afektif sebagai Salah Satu Penilaian Keberhasilan Belajar di Fakultas Kedokteran Arlina Dewi
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v6i2.1884

Abstract

Affective domain (attitude, feeling, etc) is an important part of education in medical science besides cognitive and psychomotor domains. Some ofthe responsibilities of Indonesian doctors written in the “Kurikulum Inti Pendidikan Dokter Indonesia III (KIPDIIII) ” can be categorized into affective domain.Difficulties in evaluating affective domain include: 1) Disparity on the credibility of students ’ answers on the affective evaluation 2) Failure on the evaluation objectivity; 3) There is no agreement yet on how to measure and how far the affective domain will be evaluated in medical education. Therefore, medical faculties need to discuss together the methods and tools for measuring affective domain. This includes considering the objectives and function of the measurement and defining study goals on affective domain (using taxonomy of affective domain).Ranah afektif atau pengukuran terhadap sikap, perasaan, dll merupakan bagian penting dalam pendidikan di bidang kedokteran, selain ranah kognitif dan psikomotor. Di dalam Kurikulum Inti Pendidikan Dokter Indonesia (KIPDI) DI, dicantumkan tentang sejumlah tanggungj awab dokter di Indonesia yang dapat digolongkan dalam ranah afektif.Kesulitan yang muncul dalam penilaian ranah afektif yaitu: 1) Kesenj angan dalam kredibilitas jawaban-jawaban mahasiswa terhadap penilaian afektif; 2) Kegagalan dalam objektifitas penilaian; dan 3) Dalam dunia pendidikan, belum adanya kesepakatan cara mengukurnya dan seberapa jauh ranah afektif ini akan dinilai. Untuk itu perlu institusi secara bersama-sama membicarakan cara dan instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan dengan mempertimbangkan antara lain tujuan dan fungsi pengukuran serta menetapkan target belaj ar dalam ranah afektif (misal menggunakan taksonomi ranah afektif).
Pengaruh Brain Gym terhadap Fungsi Kognitif pada Usia Lanjut Muhammad Faham Sangundo; - Sagiran
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 2 (s) (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v9i2 (s).1610

Abstract

Cognitive function has a very important role in livelong human life. Elderly is a population that commonly has cognitive disorder. Brain gym has some certain movements that able to increase human body and brain functional quality. The aim of this study is to determine brain gym practice effect to cognitive function on the elderly population. The research is quasi experimental using the elderly home PENGHUNI Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur, Kasongan, Yogyakarta as the subjects. Thirty respondents were divided into treatment and control group in the same number. The treatment group do the 8 brain gym movements which are cross crawl, positive point, thinking cap, balance buttons, earth buttons, space buttons, neck rolls and hooks up part 2. Control group do the routine elderly gymnastics. Both of them were do the exercise for 5 times a week in three weeks. Pre¬test andpost-test by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed to all respondents before and after intervention. The difference of MMSE score between post-test and pre-test was analyzed by independent t-test. Both of treatment and control group have normal data distribution. MMSE score ’s mean in control group is decrease about 2,33 point and treatment group ’s mean is increase about 1,40 point. Independent t-test gives significance level 0,001 (p 0,05) in 95% of confidence interval. The conclution is that brain gym practice gives significance effect to elderly cognitive function with MMSE score.Fungsi kognitif mempunyai peran yang sangat penting di sepanjang kehidupan manusia. Usia lanjut (usila) adalah populasi yang sering mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif. Brain gym memiliki beberapa gerakan tertentu yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas fungsional otak dan tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelaksanaan brain gym terhadap fungsi kognitif usia lanjut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimental yang dilakukan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (panti jompo) Budi Luhur, Yogyakarta. Tiga puluh responden dibagi ke dalam kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol dengan jumlah yang sama. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan 8 gerakan brain gym yaitu gerakan silang, titik positif, pasang telinga, tombol imbang, tombol bumi, tombol angkasa, putaran leher dan kait rileks. Kelompok kontrol mendapatkan senam rutin usila. Kedua kelompok menjalankan brain gym dan senam usila sebanyak 5 kali seminggu selama 3 pekan. Pre¬test dan post-test dengan menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) dilakukan pada seluruh reponden sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Selisih nilai MMSE saat post-test dan pre-test digunakan sebagai data yang diuji dengan independent t-test. Kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol mempunyai distribusi data yang normal. Rerata nilai MMSE pada kelompok kontrol mengalami penurunan sebanyak 2,33 poin dan kelompok perlakuan mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 1,40 poin. Independent t-test menghasilkan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,001 (p 0,05) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pelaksanaan brain gym dengan fungsi kognitif usila.
Comparation Body Weight, Body Length, Kidney Weight and Liver Weight between Indonesian Adult and Thailand Adult in Autopsy Cases in Sardjito Hospital June 2011 to June 2012 Wikan Basworo; Idha Arfianti Wira Agni
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 14, No 2 (2014): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v14i2.9380

Abstract

This research aims to retrospectively review forensic autopsy cases of a Indonesian people to see the description of liver weight, kidney weigt, body weight  and length. The present study included 8 cases autopsies from Sardjito Hospital from June 2011  to  June 2012. The subjects were  from unnatural death following criteria. The weighed organs included  liver and kidneys.We compared the result with Thailand population with independent sample t-test, to see the differences between them. The ages ranged from 16 to 69 years and there were 2  males and 6  females. The Mean were represented by; 55,1; 153,1; 1094,5; 103,6  in body weight, body  length, liver weight, and kidneys weigth respectively. There were no significant differences between Indonesian dan Thailand people in age, body weight, and body height. There were differences between Indonesian dan Thailand people in liver weight and kidney weight, but significancy can not be analyzed because lack of comparison data. There were no significant differences in body weight, body  length, liver weight, and kidneys weigth between autopsy cases  from Sardjito Hospital from June 2011  to  June 2012 with Thailand publication paper.
Effects of AntiMycobacterium Tuberculosis Nanoherbal Legundy Leaf Extract (Vitex trifolia) Atika Dwiyanti; Siti Mulyani; Oche Axena Yulhan; Humairah Medina Liza Lubis; Ance Roslina
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 21, No 1 (2021): January
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v21i1.6497

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia ranks 2nd largest in the world after India. Resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is one of the difficulties in treating tuberculosis. This research aim to determine the effectiveness of legundi (Vitex trifolia) leaf extract nanoherbal in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was conducted with an experimental design using M. tuberculosis colonies taken from 25 samples of aspirate of tuberculosis patients with lymph nodes and then given the ethanol extract of legundi leaves (70% and 90%) with the process of making nanoparticle extracts. The evaluation of the observations was in the form of measuring the inhibition zone for bacterial growth which were categorized as weak (5mm), moderate (6-10mm), strong (11-20 mm) and very strong ( 21mm). The results of the study from 6 repetitions found that the inhibition zone category was 0% weak, 39% moderate, strong 52.3%, and very strong 8.7%. Comparison of the concentration of legundi leaf extract to the diameter of the bacterial growth inhibitory zone was analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, which found a significant relationship with p value = 0.000 (0.05). Legundi's leaf extract can be used as an antibacterial agent for M. tuberculosis. 
Perbedaan Pengaruh Pemberian Suplemen Susu Kambing dan Susu Sapi terhadap Berat Badan Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun Anggit Mirdhasari; - Sagiran
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v12i3.1044

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan adalah tahapan perubahan dari bentuk, ukuran, komponen dan fungsi organisme individual yang dapat diukur sebagai suatu progresivitas utuh dan matur. Usia 3-5 tahun merupakan masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang cepat pada anak. Salah satu indikator antropometrik tumbuh kembang adalah berat badan yang dipengaruhi oleh pemberian asupan suplemen gizi seperti susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian susu kambing dan susu sapi terhadap tumbuh kembang anak usia 3-5 tahun dinilai dari berat badan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Subjek penelitian adalah 24 orang anak, usia 3-5 tahun, berat badan normal ( sesuai usia), dibagi dalam 2 kelompok perlakuan susu kambing dan susu sapi. Pemberian dilakukan 3x seminggu sebanyak 200 ml selama 6 minggu kemudian berat badan ditimbang  dan dibandingkan dengan kurva Lubchenko yang terdapat pada KMS dan standar baku NCHS menurut WHO/CDC. Data dianalisis menggunakan t test dan uji Independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan berat badan perlakuan susu kambing (0,000) dan perlakuan susu sapi (0,002). Terdapat perbedaan rerata berat badan yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah pemberian susu (p 0,05). Susu kambing dan susu sapi tidak memberikan perbedaan pengaruh (p0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian susu kambing dan susu sapi dapat meningkatkan berat badan anak meskipun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Growth and development are the series of changes to the shape, size, component, and functions of an individual organism that can occur as the organism progresses to full size form and maturity. The age of 3-5 years is a quick period of children’s growth and development. One of the growth and  development  anthropometric indicator is body weight which could be influenced by giving nutritional supplement like milk. This research aimed to know the influences of goat and cow milk supplement application against growth and development on 3-5 years old children which focused in body weight. This research is an experimental. Research subjects were 24 children, 3-5 years old, normal weight (matching  with age), are divided into 2 treatment groups : goat and cow milk. Two hundred cc milk applied three times a week during  6 weeks then weight were measured, and compared it  with Lubchenko curve in KMS and NCHS based on WHO/CDC. The analysis data  using t test and independent sample test. The result showed that increased weight on goat milk groups (0,000) and cow milk groups (0,002). There were significant differences weight average before and after milk application (p0,05). Goat and cow milk didn’t give different influences (p0,05). It was concluded that provision of goat and cow milk could increased children’s weight, although not statistically significant.
Pola Kepekaan Kuman Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih dan Resistensinya Ana Majdawati
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 1, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v1i2.1900

Abstract

Urinary Ttract Infection is an infection/inflamation of the urinary tract (this includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra). This is caused by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, virus and parasit). Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a serious health problem commonly found in children, adult and the elderly. The diagnosis of UTI is confirmed when there is a significant bacteriuria in the urine culture (bacterial rate 10^ CFU/ml) (Kass,1956). The accurate and prompt diagnosis of UTI is very important in helping the management and therapy of UTI on the patients. The data shows that E.coli is the most common cause of UTI (50- 90%), followed by Proteus Spp, Pseudomo-nas Spp and Staphylococcus Spp (Jones et al.,1992).E.coli produces new mutant enzyme called ESBL (Extended Spectrum b- lactamase). This enzyme causes difficulty in the treatment of the microorgan-isms. Some antimicrobial drugs which have the best ability and stability to the ESBL-producing bacteria is Imipenem and Meropenem Meropenem (Comican, MG, et al., 1996). The data from NCCLS (Performance Standart for Antimi-crobial Susceptability Testing, 8ec^ 1998, Ferraro MJ) showed that ESBL-pro-ducing bacteria is resistant to all Cephalosporin and Astreonam groups.Regarding those facts, it is therefore the choice of antimicrobial drugs for UTI treatment must be actually based on the sensitivity pattern of bacteria fiom antibiogram result (based on relevant diagnostic method or empiric data of scientific publication (educated guess) through clinical efficacy results). The availability of antibiotic guidelines is helpful for choosing antimicrobial for UTI therapy in daily practice.In addition, it needs to be paid attention that the sensitivity pattern of bacteria causing UTI varies for each hospital, region or country.Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) adalah infeksi/inflamasi pada saluran kemih (termasuk ginjal,ureter,kandung kemih dan uretra) yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme (bakteri jamur,virus dan parasit). Diagnosis ISK ini ditegakkan apabila didapatkan bakteriuria bermakna dalam biakan kemih (Angka Kuman 10^ CFU/ ml) (Kass,1956). ISK adalah penyakit yang sering dijumpai di masyarakafmenyerang anak-anak/dewasa bahkan pada usia lanjut dan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Penegakan diagnosa yang cepat,tepat akan sangat membantu dalam hal terapi/penatalaksanaannya terhadap penderita. Dari data yang didapat menunjukkan penyebab tersering ISK adalah Escherichia coli (50% - 90%). Disusul Proteus, Pseudomonas dan Staphylococcus (Jones et al., 1992).Enzim mutan baru yang dikenal dengan nama ESBL (Extended Spectrum b- lactamases) banyak ditemukan pada eschericia coli sebagai penyebab tersering ISK. Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri penghasil ESBL,cenderung lebih sulit pada pengobatannya. Beberapa antimikroba pilihan terhadap bekteri penghasil ESBL yang mempunyai aktivitas baik/stabil adalah Imipenem dan Meropenem (Comican,MG et al.1996). Dari data pada NCCLS (Performance Standart for an¬timicrobial Susceptability Testing,8e(L 1998,Ferraro MJ) disebutkan bahwa ESBL ini resisten terhadap semua golongan Sefalosporin dan Astreonam.Dengan melihat kenyataan tersebut diatas,maka pemilihan antimikroba untuk terapi ISK harus benar-benar didasarkan dan disesuaikan dengan pola kepekaan kuman dari hasil antibiogram (berdasar metode diagnostik yang cukup relavan atau data empirik dari publikasi ilmiah (educated - guess) melalui hasil efektifitas klinik (Clinical efficacy). Tersedianya antibiotic guidelines sangat membantu dalam pemilihan terapi antibiotik dalam praktek sehari-hari. Perlu juga diperhatikan bahwa pola kepekaan kuman penyebab ISK ini untuk masing-masing rumah sakit, daerah atau negara dapat memberikan gambaran yang berbeda.

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