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Elkawnie
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
ISSN : 24608912     EISSN : 24608920     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering
Elkawnie is a journal of Integration Science and Technology with Islam. It's covering research and technology in the field of study of Architecture, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, ICT, Physical Engineering and other science and technology field. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses the development of research and technology in contributing to development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 460 Documents
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Clustering and Risk Analysis of The Earthquake in Sulawesi Using Mini Batch K-Means, K-Medoids, and Maximum Likelihood Method Amirin Kusmiran
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v8i2.13027

Abstract

Abstract: The earthquake events have been widely analyzed using a statistical approach. Therefore, the sole purpose of this research is clustering and risk analysis of earthquake events based on the combination of machine learning and statistics. The machine learning, conducted by Mini Batch K-Means and K-Medoids, is validated by the Davies-Bouldin index method to earthquake events cluster. Furthermore, the statistics approach conducted by the maximum likelihood method is to estimate the b-value and a-value of earthquake events. The data used in the earthquake events analysis in Sulawesi have a magnitude  5 SR during the period 1980-2022. The results show that the Mini Batch K-Means method is more efficient and accurate than the K-Medoids, and can cluster the earthquakes, namely cluster 0 below 100 km (shallow earthquake), cluster 1 above 100 km to 350 km (medium earthquake), cluster 2 above 350 km (deep earthquake), while K-Medoids method has two clusters namely cluster 0 below 100 km (shallow earthquake), and cluster 1 above 100 km to 350 km. The regions with b-value and a-value less than 0.9 and 7.5, respectively, and in cluster 0, namely the western part of North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Middle Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi  Province, are as vulnerable to earthquake disasters. Meanwhile, the region in cluster 1 and cluster 2 with b-value and a-value more than 0.9 and 7.5 respectively namely South Sulawesi, the Northern part of North Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi Province, are categorized as minor earthquake disasters. Furthermore, the clustering and risk analysis based on these methods results are good performance, which has recognised cluster and vulnerability of the earthquake events.Abstrak: Kejadian gempa bumi telah banyak dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan statistik. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis kejadian gempa dengan menggunakan kombinasi pendekatan machine learning dengan statistik. Pendekatan machine learning dilakukan dengan metode baru yakni metode Mini Batch K-Means dan K-Medoids yang divalidasi dengan metode Davies-Bouldin indeks yang digunakan untuk mengklaster kejadian gempa, sedangkan pendekatan secara statistik dilakukan dengan metode maximum likelihood untuk mengestimasi kerentanan gempa bumi berdasarkan nilai-b dan nilai-a. Data yang digunakan yakni data kejadian gempa di Sulawesi dengan magnitudo ≥ 5 SR dengan periode 1980-2022. Hasil menunjukan bahwa metode Mini Batch K-Means lebih effisien dan akurat dibandingkan dengan metode K-Medoids, dan mengklasifikasi tiga klaster kedalaman gempa, yakni klaster 0 dengan kedalaman kurang dari 100 km (gempa dangkal), klaster 1 dengan kedalaman diantara 100 km dengan 350 km (gempa menengah), klaster 2 dengan kedalaman lebih dari 350 km (gempa dalam). Sementara metode K-Medoids dua klaster kedalama gempa, yakni klaster 0 dengan kedalaman dibawah 100 km (gempa dangkal), dan klaster 1 dengan kedalaman lebih dari 100 km. Beberapa wilayah yang mempunyai nilai-b dan nilai-a secara berurutan kurang dari 0,9 dan 7,5 dan termasuk ke dalam klaster 0, yakni Provinsi Sulawesi Utara bagian barat, Gorontalo, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Sulawesi Barat dikategorikan rawan terhadap bencana gempa; Sedangkan wilayah yang termasuk ke dalam klaster 1 dan klaster 2 dengan nilai-b dan nilai-a secara berurutan lebih dari 0,9 dan 7,5 yakni Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Utara bagian Utara, dan Sulawesi Tenggara dikategorikan sebagai rendah terhadap bencana gempa. Dengan demikian, kedua metode dapat digunakan untuk meng-klaster gempa dan identifikasi kerentanan kejadian gempa bumi.
The Creation and Destruction of The Universe: Comparison of The Perspectives in Science and The Qur’an Teuku Muhammad Hary Ramadhan; Mustanir Yahya; Safrida S; Sulastri Sulastri; A Halim
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.13199

Abstract

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the comparison of the concepts of creation and destruction of the universe from the perspective of science and the Qur'an, by analyzing some relevant literature. The majority of the literature used in this paper comes from the ScienceDirect database. The keywords used in the reference search were "Big Bang Theory", "Evolution of the Universe", and "Cosmology". The selection of references is based on the degree to which the source provides a thorough account of the universe's formation and destruction, as well as on the author's ability to grasp the language employed. Based on a review of some literature, there are similarities in terms used by Science and the Qur'an to explain the creation of the universe, but there are also differences not because the Qur'an is not able to explain scientifically, but because the Qur'an explains implicitly, not explicitly. Science has not been able to provide certainty about when the universe ends, as well as the Qur'an which is not written concretely. The comparison of the perspectives on the creation and destruction of the universe from science and the Qur'an offers a thought-provoking journey into the realms of reason and faith. While science provides a methodical and empirical understanding of the cosmos, the Qur'an offers a spiritual and metaphysical interpretation.Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan konsep penciptaan dan kehancuran alam semesta dari perspektif Sains dan Al-Qur’an, dengan menganalisis beberapa literatur yang relevan. Mayoritas literatur yang digunakan dalam makalah ini berasal dari database ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian referensi adalah “Teori Big Bang”, “Evolusi Alam Semesta”, dan “Kosmologi”. Pemilihan referensi didasarkan pada sejauh mana sumber tersebut memberikan penjelasan menyeluruh tentang pembentukan dan kehancuran alam semesta, serta kemampuan penulis dalam memahami bahasa yang digunakan. Berdasarkan ulasan terhadap beberapa literatur, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat persamaan istilah yang digunakan oleh Sains dan Al-Qur’an untuk menjelaskan penciptaan alam semesta, namun ada juga yang berbeda. Hal tersebut bukan karena Al-Qur’an tidak mampu menjelaskan secara ilmiah, namun karena kitab suci tersebut menjelaskan secara implisit, tidak eksplisit. Sains belum mampu memberikan kepastian tentang kapan alam semesta berakhir, begitu juga dengan Al-Qur’an yang tidak menuliskan secara konkrit. Perbandingan perspektif penciptaan dan kehancuran alam semesta dari sains dan Al-Qur'an menawarkan perjalanan yang menggugah pikiran menuju alam akal dan iman. Sementara sains memberikan pemahaman metodis dan empiris tentang kosmos, Al-Qur'an menawarkan interpretasi spiritual dan metafisik.
Characteristics of Liquid Smoke From Young Coconut Shells at Various Pyrolysis Temperature Ressa Fitra Adinda; Muhammad Faisal; Fauzi Muhammad Djuned
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14225

Abstract

Abstract: Young coconut shells contain wood components, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. These compounds can be used as raw materials for liquid smoke. The physical and biological characteristics of liquid smoke from young coconut shells pyrolysed at various temperatures were investigated in this study. Specifically, young coconut shells were pyrolysed at 300°C–420°C in a slow pyrolysis reactor. To eliminate tar, the liquid smoke was distilled at 190°C. Further, the chemical content of the liquid smoke was quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetic acid and phenol compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometry. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data revealed that liquid smoke contains over 15 chemical components, including phenolic acid, carboxylic acid and its derivatives. Antibacterial, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) tests were performed to analyse the antimicrobial properties of liquid smoke in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium. The pyrolysis temperatures affected the composition of the produced liquid smoke. The highest phenol and acetic acid content were found at 340°C and 380°C, where lignin is degraded into phenolic compounds and cellulose is degraded to produce acetic acid. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the maximum inhibition zone was obtained at 420°C, and at 340°C and 380°C the bacteria were inhibited and died.Abstrak: Tempurung kelapa muda mengandung komponen kayu seperti hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin. Senyawa ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku asap cair. Karakteristik fisik dan biologis asap cair dari tempurung kelapa muda yang dipirolisis pada berbagai suhu diselidiki dalam penelitian ini. Tempurung kelapa muda dipirolisis pada suhu 300 °C - 420 °C dalam reaktor pirolisis lambat. Untuk menghilangkan tar asap cair didistilasi pada suhu 190 °C. Selanjutnya, kandungan senyawa kimia asap cair dikuantifikasi menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Senyawa asam asetat dan fenol diidentifikasi menggunakan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Data gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) menunjukkan bahwa asap cair mengandung lebih dari 15 komponen kimia, termasuk asam fenolik, asam karboksilat dan turunannya. Uji antibakteri, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrantion (MIC) dan Minimum Killing Concentrantion (MKC) dilakukan untuk menganalisis sifat antimikroba asap cair dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium. Temperatur pirolisis mempengaruhi komposisi asap cair yang dihasilkan. Kandungan fenol dan asam asetat tertinggi ditemukan pada suhu 340°C dan 380°C, dimana pada suhu tersebut lignin terdegradasi menjadi senyawa fenol dan selulosa terdegradasi menghasilkan asam asetat. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa zona hambat maksimum diperoleh pada suhu 420 °C, pada suhu 340 °C dan 380 °C bakteri ditemukan terhambat dan mati.
Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar an Acid-Free Hydrothermal Method Marpongahtun Marpongahtun; Rufina Pramudita; Saharman Gea; Amru Daulay
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14524

Abstract

Abstract: Carbon dots have gained much interest due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties, making them useful for a wide range of applications. Here Empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar was used as a carbon source in a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and reproducible hydrothermal method for producing carbon quantum dots. In this study, the role of the hydrothermal process was seen and studied by comparing the shape and fluorescence. Exciting results from HRTEM show that the carbon quantum dots in the sample are 4 nm in size. The obtained CD emits bright blue luminescence, and the absorption peak of the carbon dots was observed in the UV region with maximum absorption at 205 nm and 322 nm. The light CD shows an intense sky blue color upon illumination by a UV-light source at 365 nm. The intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra sharply increases with decreasing concentration of carbon dots. Meanwhile, the CD exhibited excitation-dependence, photo-stability, and well dispersibility. These results suggest that the present CD are potential applications in optoelectronics and imaging.Abstrak: Karbon dots telah menarik banyak perhatian karena sifat listrik dan optik yang luar biasa, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi. Penelitian ini, menggunakan biochar tandan buah kosong (EFB) sebagai sumber karbon dengan metode hidrotermal yang ramah lingkungan untuk menghasilkan karbon dots. Hasil HR-TEM yang menarik menunjukkan bahwa sampel karbon dots berukuran 4 nm. Karbon dots yang diperoleh memancarkan sinar biru terang dan puncak serapan titik karbon diamati pada spektrofotometri Uv-Vis dengan serapan maksimum pada 205 nm dan 322 nm. Intensitas karbon dots menunjukkan warna biru langit di cahaya UV pada 365 nm. Intensitas spektroskopi luminesens meningkat tajam dengan menurunnya konsentrasi titik karbon. Sementara itu, karbon dots menunjukkan eksitasi, stabilitas, dan dispersibilitas baik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa karbon dots dapat digunakan pada beberapa aplikasi seperti dalam optoelektronik dan pencitraan.
The Application and Relevancy of Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) Model in Indonesia M. Faisi Ikhwali; Budi Azhari; Alfin Khari; Suardi Nur; Abd Mujahid Hamdan; Kingkao Prommacot
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14577

Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia has a very large number of watersheds and has a very diverse size. Damage to several watersheds in Indonesia has also occurred and often results in catastrophic floods and droughts that threaten people. The presence of the RRI Model with its capabilities will help contribute to watershed management in order to solve water resource problems. The RRI model is a two-dimensional (2D) model capable of simulating runoff, rainfall, and flood inundation simultaneously. The use of this model in Indonesia has reached 13 times which was compiled based on the number of publications on the application of the RRI model. All of these publications have passed peer-reviewed papers from both journals and conference papers. Applications have been made in several places including the Solo watershed, the Upper Citarum watershed, the Batanghari watershed, and the upstream Brantas watershed. Given the increasing number of problematic watersheds in Indonesia, the use of this model has the prospect and relevancy of being carried out in other watersheds. However, until now, researchers have had challenges in building hydrological models because of the constraints on the availability of climatological and hydrological data in the watershed. Therefore, in addition to improving the data measuring infrastructure in the field, remote sensing techniques are also needed in an effort to generate targeted watershed information. In fact, the effort to utilize remote sensing in generating unmeasurable data in the field has been successfully conducted in several studies.Abstrak: Indonesia memliki jumlah DAS yang sangat banyak dan memiliki ukuran yang sangat beragam. Kerusakan beberapa DAS di Indonesia juga telah terjadi dan sering berakibat bencana banjir dan kekeringan yang mengancam penduduk setempat. Kehadiran Model RRI dengan kemampuannya akan membantu berkontribusi dalam memajemen DAS ataupun dalam usaha untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan sumberdaya air. Model RRI adalah suatu model dua dimensi (2D) yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mensimulasikan limpasan curah hujan dan genangan banjir secara simultan. Penggunaan model RRI ini di Indonesia telah mencapai 13 kali, yang tercatat berdasarkan jumlah publikasi yang terkait dengan aplikasi model RRI. Semua publikasi tersebut telah melewati peer-review baik dari jurnal maupun dari konferensi. Aplikasi telah dilakukan dibeberapa tempat termasuk DAS Solo, DAS Citarum, DAS Batanghari, dan DAS Brantas. Mengingat jumlah DAS yang bermasalah di Indonesia semakin meningkat, maka penggunaan model ini memiliki prospek untuk dilakukan di DAS lain. Namun sampai saat ini, para peneliti memiliki tantangan dalam membangun permodelan hidrologi karena terkendala pada ketersediaan data klimatologi dan hidrologi di dalam DAS. Oleh karena itu, selain peningkatan infrastruktur pengukur data dilapangan dan teknik pengindraan jauh juga diperlukan dalam usaha menyediakan informasi DAS yang ditargetkan. Usaha penggunaan teknik pengindraan jauh dalam menyediakan data yang tidak terukur dilapangan telah sukses dan terbukti dilakukan di beberapa studi.
Synthesis of Silica-PEG By Physically Coating With PEG 4000 For Absorption of Ion Nitrate Aster Rahayu; Maryudi Maryudi; Joni Aldilla Fajri; Lee Wah Lim; Nuraini Nuraini
Elkawnie Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v8i2.14680

Abstract

Abstract: All production activities will eventually produce waste, especially liquid waste. The nitrate ion (NO3-) is one of the substances in liquid waste that can have a significant impact on water systems and human health. Several methods can be used to treat the nitrate contained in the water, such as adsorption, phytoremediation, and wetland treatment. One of its methods was adsorption. The silica was modified with polymer due to its huge carbon chain. This research was focused on optimizing the ability of silica-based materials using PEG by physically coating them since PEG has a long carbon chain that could be transformed into a helix. In this research, the adsorbent will be prepared from modified silica gel with PEG 4000 by physical coating. Several parameters will be observed, including the effect of coating time, silica-PEG ratio, and PEG concentration. The capacity of silica-PEG to absorb NO3- is being studied. The characterization of functional group content in silica-PEG was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The study results show that the coating time was 10 minutes with the ratio of silica to PEG of 1:5, and the concentration of PEG used was 15%, indicating the optimum performance of silica-PEG when used as an absorbent, which achieved 84.44 % nitrate removal. An increase in the absorption capacity of silica-PEG demonstrates the ability of silica-PEG as a porous material. It was compared to silica gel without the PEG coating process, which was 9.09% to 84.44%.Abstrak: Semua kegiatan produksi pada akhirnya akan menghasilkan limbah, terutama limbah cair. Limbah cair biasanya akan bermuara di sungai dan berakhir di laut. Salah satu zat dalam limbah cair adalah ion nitrat (NO3-) yang mana dalam jumlah banyak dapat mengganggu sistem perairan dan kesehatan. Beberapa metode dapat digunakan untuk mengolah nitrat yang terkandung dalam air, seperti adsorpsi. Salah satunya dimodifikasi dengan polimer karena memiliki rantai karbon yang besar. Penelitian ini dikonsentrasikan untuk menyelidiki optimalisasi kemampuan silika dengan PEG dengan pelapisan fisik karena PEG memiliki rantai karbon panjang yang dapat bertransformasi menjadi heliks. Dalam penelitian ini, adsorben akan dibuat dari silika gel termodifikasi dengan PEG 4000 dengan pelapisan fisik. Beberapa parameter yang akan diamati antara lain pengaruh waktu pelapisan, rasio silika-PEG, konsentrasi PEG, dan temperatur pelapisan. Kinerja silika-PEG untuk menyerap NO3- diselidiki. Karakterisasi kandungan gugus fungsi pada silika-PEG dilakukan dengan Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu pelapisan adalah 10 menit dengan perbandingan silika dan PEG 1:5, dan konsentrasi PEG yang digunakan adalah 15%, menunjukkan kinerja silika-PEG yang optimum bila digunakan sebagai penyerap NO3-. Kemampuan silika-PEG sebagai bahan berpori dibuktikan dengan peningkatan kapasitas penyerapan silika-PEG dibandingkan silika gel tanpa proses pelapisan PEG.
The Al-Sunnah Method in Protecting The Environment: Hadith Perspectives Daud Rasyid; Aisyah Daud Rasyid; Sofiya Daud Rasyid; Bilal Daud Rasyid
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.14714

Abstract

Abstract: This article studies the Sunnah (including what the Prophet is saying and conducting) regarding crucial global issues, namely the environment. Prophet Muhammad had given directions to humankind to maintain the environment (including earth, water, air, and living things) from any corrupted acts. The Hadith books contain information on these issues. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a descriptive approach, collecting hadiths on the environment and maintenance, accompanied by the views of classical and contemporary scholars. The findings indicate that Prophet had talked about contemporary global issues like water protection, living things protection, including protection of plants, tree planting and reforestation, prohibition of tree cutting, animal protection and the means for not harming them, earth and land protection, a special topic on reviving dead land, air protection, and prohibiting polluting the air. If the world had implemented these directives, there would not be a current catastrophic environmental condition.Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang Sunnah (dalam arti: ucapan dan perbuatan) Nabi terkait isu global yaitu isu lingkungan. Nabi Muhammad SAW. sudah memberikan arahan kepada umat manusia untuk menjaga lingkungan (mencakup: bumi, air, udara dan makhluk hidup) dari berbagai tindakan yang merusak. Hal itu tertuang di dalam hadits-haditsnya yang masih dibaca oleh setiap orang hingga hari ini. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, mengumpulkan hadits-hadits yang terkait dengan lingkungan dan cara memeliharanya, disertai pandangan ulama klasik dan kontemporer. Temuan penelitian ini, Nabi telah berbicara seputar isu global saat ini, seperti perlindungan air, makhluk hidup – termasuk tumbuhan, penanaman pohon, penghijauan hutan, larangan pemotongan pohon- perlindungan hewan, tindakan menyakitinya, perlindungan tanah, serta topik khusus tentang peremajaan tanah tandus, perlindungan udara, dan larangan mengotorinya. Andai dunia menerapkan arahan ini, niscaya tidak terjadi malapetaka yang menimpa lingkungan sekarang. 
Specific Sequence Motif of Var Gene as Predictor of Malaria Outcome Erma Sulistyaningsih; Rosita Dewi; Sheilla Rachmania; Irawan Fajar Kusuma; Sahrir Sillehu
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.14808

Abstract

Abstract: The Var gene family encodes for Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1 (PfEMP1), a protein responsible for malaria pathogenesis. One of the variants, the var D gene, is hypothesized as a predictor of clinical malaria outcomes. The study aimed to investigate the association between the expression of the var D gene and clinical malaria outcomes. Blood spots on filter paper from uncomplicated and severe malaria patients were collected for DNA and RNA extraction. The RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA. DNA and cDNA were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using specific var D primer, and PCR products were electrophorized in 1% agarose. DNA amplification resulted in double bands of approximately 230 bp and 250 bp in uncomplicated and severe malaria samples. However, the cDNA amplification generated a single band of 230 bp from four out of five severe malaria samples. The existence of band solely in severe malaria transcript suggested its involvement in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. In conclusion, the expression of var D gene-specific sequence can be a potential predictor of severe malaria outcomes.Abstrak: Famili gen var mengkode Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1 (PfEMP1), suatu protein yang berperan penting dalam proses patogenesis malaria. Salah satu variannya, gen var D, diduga merupakan prediktor gambaran klinis malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ekspresi gen var D  dan gambaran klinis malaria. Sampel berupa tetesan darah pada kertas filter dari pasien malaria tanpa komplikasi dan malaria berat dikumpulkan untuk diekstraksi DNA dan RNAnya. RNA selanjutnya di trankripsi reverse menjadi cDNA. DNA dan cDNA diamplifikasi dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer spesifik var D dan produk PCR dielektroforesis menggunakan agarosa 1 %. Amplifikasi DNA menghasilkan beragam pita berukuran sekitar 230 bp dan 250 bp pada sampel malaria tanpa komplikasi dan malaria berat, tetapi amplifikasi cDNA hanya menunjukkan satu pita berukuran 230 bp pada 4 dari 5 sampel malaria berat. Keberadaan pita hanya pada sampel malaria berat mengindikasikan peran gen ini dalam patogenesis malaria berat. Disimpulkan bahwa gen var D dapat ditemukan pada sampel malaria tanpa komplikasi dan berat, namun ekpresi gen tersebut dapat menjadi prediktor yang potensial  timbulnya manifestasi klinis malaria berat.
Atomic Structure and Its Connection to The Quranic Verses' Context Abdul Mujala; Muhammad Reza; Kana Puspita
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14842

Abstract

Abstract: The growth of science in the twenty-first century, particularly in chemistry, is critically dependent on the integration of science and the Qur'an. Since numerous verses in the Qur'an disclose the fundamental principles of chemistry, such as the size of an atom, the integration of science and the Qur'an is nothing new in modern science, especially chemistry. As a result, this article will go into further detail regarding the atomic structure's physical setting and how it relates to Qur'anic verses. Writing this paper involved conducting literature searches on both contemporary science and Qur'anic interpretations of atomic structure. The word "dzarrah" appears in QS Az-Zalzalah verses 7-8, An-Nisa verse 40, and Yunus verse 61, and is interpreted as the size of a mustard seed that the human intellect may yet attain. However, "dzarrah" is often frequently interpreted as atomic size, since the atomic radius of the smallest atom (Hydrogen) and biggest atom (Organesson) atoms are 1.2 x 10-10 m and 1.52 x 10-10 m, respectively, with 1 million being smaller than the radius of mustard seed (5 x 10-4 m). Thus, the word dzarrah, which is translated as the size of a mustard seed, is less proportional to describe a much smaller atomic size. This atomic scale later served as a precursor for new developments in chemical research, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots.Abstrak: Integrasi sains dan Al-Qur’an menjadi dasar yang penting untuk pengembangan ilmu sains pada abad ke-21, khususnya dalam ilmu kimia. Integrasi sains dengan Al-Qur’an sebetulnya bukanlah hal baru dalam sains modern, khususnya kimia, karena ada banyak ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang mengungkapkan tentang konsep dasar kimia, misalnya ukuran atom. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan membahas secara lebih jelas tentang konteks materi struktur atom dan kaitannya dengan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an. Metode penulisan artikel ini menggunakan kajian literatur, baik itu dari segi sains modern dan tafsir Al-Qur’an tentang struktur atom. Kata “dzarrah” muncul dalam QS Az-Zalzalah ayat 7-8, QS An-Nisa ayat 40, dan QS Yunus ayat 61, yang ditafsirkan seukuran biji sawi yang ukurannya masih dapat dijangkau oleh pikiran manusia. Namun, “dzarrah” juga kerap diterjemahkan seukuran atom, padahal jari-jari 1 atom paling kecil (Hidrogen) dan paling besar (Organesson) berturut-turut adalah 1,2 x 10-10 m dan 1,52 x 10-10 m, dimana 1 juta lebih kecil dari jari-jari biji sawi (5 x 10-4 m). Sehingga kata dzarrah yang diterjemahkan sebagai ukuran biji sawi kurang proporsional untuk menggambarkan ukuran atom yang jauh lebih kecil. Ukuran atom ini kemudian menjadi cikal bakal perkembangan penelitian di bidang kimia, misalnya nanomaterial dan quantum dots.
Production of Graphene By Coconut Shell As an Electrode Primary Battery Cell Elsa Pasaribu; Rikson Siburian; Minto Supeno
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14880

Abstract

Abstract: Coconut shells are a natural resource that contains a lot of carbon (C). The pyrolysis process can be used to create coconut shells. A single layer of carbon atoms that have undergone sp2 hybridization to form a hexagonal, two-dimensional structure is known as Graphene. Graphene has excellent potential for battery manufacturing applications, supercapacitors, etc. Activated carbon and the pyrolisis method of producing Graphene were combined and heated to 600 oC for one hour. The graphene generated is assessed using an XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Raman, and conductometer. The results of the X-ray diffractogram analysis revealed that the peaks at 2θ = 23,87o and 44,5o are not particularly sharp and slightly broadened. It means Graphene are well formed. SEM-EDX investigation reveals that the surface size and shape structure is smaller and thinner, a flat pile dominated by carbon atoms. The result of conductometer analysis shows the electrical conductivity of Graphene is quite good, but Graphene can still not control the movement of electrons. Graphene has layer distances between Graphene and Graphene layers are 3.3 Å (TEM data), with many Graphene layers being 0.85 (multi-layer) (Raman data).Abstrak: Batok kelapa merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang mengandung banyak karbon (C). Proses pirolisis dapat digunakan untuk membuat batok kelapa. Satu lapisan atom karbon yang telah mengalami hibridisasi sp2 untuk membentuk struktur dua dimensi heksagonal dikenal sebagai Grafena. Grafena memiliki potensi besar untuk aplikasi pembuatan baterai, superkapitasitor, dan sebagainya. Karbon aktif dengan metode pirolisis untuk memproduksi Grafena dipanaskan hingga 600 oC selama satu jam. Grafena yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Raman, and Konductometer. Hasil analisis difraktogram sinar-X mengungkapkan bahwa puncak pada 2θ = 24,22o dan 44o tidak terlalu tajam dan sedikit melebar. Ini berarti Grafena terbentuk dengan baik. Analisis SEM-EDX mengungkapkan bahwa ukuran permukaan dan struktur bentuk lebih kecil dan lebih tipis dan itu adalah tumpukan datar yang didominasi oleh atom karbon. Hasil analisis konduktometer menunjukkan konduktivitas listrik Grafena cukup baik, namun Grafena masih belum mampu mengontrol pergerakan elektron. Grafena memiliki jarak lapisan antara lapisan  Grafena dan Grafena adalah 3,3 Å (data TEM) dengan jumlah lapisan Grafena adalah 0,85 (multilapisan) (data Raman).

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