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Removal of Lead and Iron in Leachate Wastewater of The TPST Piyungan by Activated Natural Zeolite Totok Eka Suharto; Siti Salamah
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.16988

Abstract: Landfill generates a problem of soil and water pollution, with leachate wastewater contaminating heavy metals. Wastewater treatment with natural zeolite adsorbents can remove heavy metals from wastewater. We have analyzed the leachate wastewater in the last pond at the wastewater treatment plant at the TPST Piyungan contains lead (Pb) ions of 2.13 mg/L and iron (Fe) of 9.94 mg/L, greater than the maximum levels allowed for sanitary hygienic water. according to the regulations of the Minister of Health. The concentration of Pb and Fe metal ions in wastewater can be removed by activated local natural zeolite adsorbents. The adsorbent was prepared from local natural zeolite by activation with ammonium nitrate solution and calcined at 300 oC for 2 hours. Characterization by XRD, BET-adsorption analysis, and SEM showed that activation can increase natural zeolite's surface area and pore size without being followed by a change in the crystal structure. The leachate adsorption experiment was carried out by varying the weight percentage of activated natural zeolite adsorbent and adsorption time. The concentration of Pb and Fe ions in wastewater can be reduced by activated natural zeolite adsorbents. Adsorption with 10% weight of natural zeolite and an adsorption time of 60 minutes delivered the best results. Under these adsorption conditions, the concentration of Pb ions decreased by 38.50% and that of Fe decreased by 67.10%. The adsorption treatment with activated natural zeolite can significantly reduce the concentration of Pb and Fe metal ions in the waste leachate of TPST Piyungan.Abstrak: Tempat Pembuangan Sampah (TPS) menimbulkan masalah polusi air dan tanah dengan air limbah lindi yang mengandung logam-logam berat. Perlakuan dengan adsorben zeolit alam dapat mengurangi logam berat dalam air limbah. Analisis dengan AAS menunjukkan bahwa air limbah pada kolam terakhir instalasi pengolahan air limbah di TPST Piyungan mengandung ion logam timbal (Pb) 2,13 mg/L dan besi 9,90 mg/L. Kadar kedua logam berat ini melebihi ambang batas yang dibolehkan dalam air untuk sanitasi higin menurut regulasi Kementerian Kesehatan. Konsentrasi ion logam Pb dan Fe dapat dikurangi dengan adsorben zeolit alam lokal yang diaktivasi. Adsorben dibuat dengan aktivasi zeolit alam lokal dengan larutan ammonium nitrat dan dikalsinasi pada 300oC selama 2 jam. Hasil analisis adsorben dengan XRD, analisis adsorpsi BET, dan SEM menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi dapat menaikkan luas permukaan zeolit dan ukuran pori tanpa diikuti perubahan struktur kristal. Eksperimen adsorpsi limbah lindi dilakukan dengan variasi persentase berat adsorben zeolit alam dan waktu adsorpsi. Konsentrasi ion Pb dan Fe dalam limbah lindi dapat dikurangi dengan adsorben zeolit alam teraktivasi. Hasil terbaik diperoleh dengan penggunaan 10% berat adsorben zeolit dan waktu adsorpsi 60 menit. Pada kondisi ini konsentrasi ion Pb berkurang 38,50% dan Fe turun sebesar 67,10%. Perlakuan adsorpsi dengan zeolit alam teraktivasi dapat mengurangi secara signifikan konsentrasi ion logam Pb dan Fe dalam limbah lindi TPST Piyungan.

In-Silico Analysis of Eugenol and Beta-Caryophyllene Compounds in Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on NF-kB Protein As Anti-inflammatory Agent In Atherosclerosis Astuti Kusumorini; Yani Suryani; Fauziah Qurota Ayuni; Opik Taupiqurrohman
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.17387

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease, which is ranked as the world's deadliest disease by WHO. The NF-kB protein is important in the development of atherosclerosis. Inhibiting the inflammatory response pathway via the NF-kB protein can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is one of the plants with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. The main constituents of clove are eugenol and beta-caryophyllene (BCP), which have been extensively researched for their anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to simulate the potency of eugenol and BCP compounds by measuring their binding affinity and observing the interactions that occur when they are tethered to the active site of the NF-kB protein. The research was carried out in silico method, using molecular docking techniques. According to the analysis, eugenol and BCP had binding affinity values of -5.9 kcal/mol and -7.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The eugenol compound forms 12 interactions on the active site of NF-kB protein, consisting of the hydrogen bond, carbon-hydrogen bond, pi-sigma, alkyl, and Van Der Waals interactions. Meanwhile, 5 interactions form between BCP and NF-kB protein, including Van Der Waals, alkyl, and pi-sigma interactions. The bond affinity calculations of the eugenol-NF-kB protein are stronger than the BCP-NF-kB protein. In addition, the number of interactions formed by eugenol- NF-kB protein is greater than BCP-NF-kB protein. Based on the description, the eugenol compound has better potential to influence the function of the NF-kB protein than BCP, so the eugenol compound is recommended for in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory tests.Abstrak: Aterosklerosis adalah salah satu penyebab utama penyakit kardiovaskular, yang menduduki peringkat penyakit paling mematikan di dunia menurut WHO. Protein NF-kB penting dalam perkembangan aterosklerosis. Menghambat jalur respon inflamasi melalui protein NF-kB dapat menghambat perkembangan aterosklerosis. Cengkih (Syzygium aromatikum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai sifat anti inflamasi dan anti aterosklerotik. Kandungan utama cengkeh adalah eugenol dan beta-caryophyllene (BCP), telah banyak diteliti sifat anti inflamasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan potensi senyawa eugenol dan BCP dengan mengukur afinitas pengikatannya dan mengamati interaksi yang terjadi ketika ditambatkan pada sisi aktif protein NF-kB. Penelitian dilakukan secara in silico dengan menggunakan teknik molekuler docking. Berdasarkan analisis, eugenol dan BCP memiliki nilai afinitas pengikatan masing-masing sebesar -5,9 kkal/mol dan -7,0 kkal/mol. Senyawa eugenol membentuk 12 interaksi pada sisi aktif protein NF-kB, terdiri dari interaksi ikatan hidrogen, ikatan karbon-hidrogen, pi-sigma, alkil, dan Van Der Waals. Sementara itu, terjadi 5 interaksi antara protein BCP dan NF-kB, antara lain interaksi Van Der Waals, alkil, dan pi-sigma. Perhitungan afinitas ikatan protein eugenol-NF-kB lebih kuat dibandingkan protein BCP-NF-kB. Selain itu, jumlah interaksi yang terbentuk protein eugenol-NF-kB lebih besar dibandingkan protein BCP-NF-kB. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, senyawa eugenol mempunyai potensi yang lebih baik dalam mempengaruhi fungsi protein NF-kB dibandingkan BCP, sehingga senyawa eugenol direkomendasikan untuk uji antiinflamasi dengan metode in vitro dan in vivo.

Vibrations of Dhikrullah as a Relaxation Medium for The Brain Iskandar Iskandar; Muhammad Dirhamsyah; Jasafat Jasafat
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.17529

Abstract: Dhikrullah according to the Qur'an is a vibroacoustic phenomenon that affects the human nervous system. Among Muslims, the topic of dhikrullah is a significant issue because it is believed to be a medium that directly connects humans with God. Among spiritual researchers, they are still questioning the role and influence of dhikrullah as a medium for relaxing the brain. This paper discusses the role of dhikrullah vibrations as a medium of relaxation in the brain as the human control center. Studies by Richard Gerber and David R. Hawkins provide significant data on the role of vibration as dhikrullah medicine and relaxation vibrations. To this day, the practice of dhikrullah can still be found widely among Muslim communities. The dhikrullah model was obtained qualitatively from 4 dhikrullah practitioner informants through participant observation and interviews. While brain wave samples were obtained quantitatively from 10 subjects via Electroencephalograph (EEG). From the field research, it was found that the dhikrullah model was found, and from the EEG recording results, it was found that the dhikrullah vibrations affected all subjects, produced a calming effect on all subjects, and were used as a medium for changing consciousness, as a medium for relaxation, and activating relaxation. The novelty of this research lies in the use of EEG to prove the effect of dhikrullah vibrations as a medium for relaxation in the brain. The results of this study make it clear that dhikrullah vibrations can be used by the parties as a medium to permanently increase relaxation in the brain.Abstrak: Dhikrullah menurut al-Quran merupakan fenomena vibroakustik yang mempengaruhi sistem saraf manusia. Di kalangan muslim, topik dhikrullah menjadi isu signifikan karena diyakini sebagai media yang menghubungkan manusia dengan Tuhan secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dhikrullah sebagai media relaksasi otak manusia yang ditunjukkan dengan peran vibrational medicine dan vibrasi relaksasi. Metode penelititian dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif menggunakan observasi dan interview, sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh dari gelombang otak menggunakan Electro Encephalo Graf (EEG). Kajian ilmiah menyajikan data signifikan tentang peran vibrasi sebagai vibrational medicine dan vibrasi relaksasi. Hingga hari ini, praktek dhikrullah masih dapat ditemukan secara luas di kalangan masyarakat muslim. Model dhikrullah diperoleh secara kualitatif dari empat informan praktisi dhikrullah melalui observasi partisipan, dan wawancara. Sedangkan sampel gelombang otak diperoleh secara kuantitatif dari 10 subjek melalui Electro Encephalo Graf (EEG). Dari penelitian lapangan ditemukan model dhikrullah dan dari hasil perekaman EEG ditemukan vibrasi dhikrullah mempengaruhi seluruh subjek, menghasilkan efek tenang pada semua subjek, sebagai media perubahan kesadaran, sebagai media relaksasi dan mengaktifkan relaksasi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan EEG untuk membuktikan pengaruh vibrasi dhikrullah sebagai media relaksasi pada otak. Hasil kajian tentang perubahan gelombang otak karena berzikir selama 3 hingga 5 menit memperjelas bahwa vibrasi dhikrullah dapat digunakan para pihak sebagai media untuk meningkatkan relaksasi pada otak secara permanen.

Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Improves Glucose Tolerance, Glycogen Levels, and Liver Health in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Qurratu Aini; Samingan Samingan; Mustafa Sabri
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.17585

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of the leaf ethanol extract of (Moringa oleifera L.) on increasing the content of liver glycogen grains in hyperglycemic rats. The research was conducted at the Pathology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and five treatmenttests. Treatment A = Negative control (given with distilled water and physiological NaCl), B = Positive control (75 mg/kg BW of alloxan and incubated for 21 days), C (75 mg/kg BW of alloxan and 150 mg/kg BW of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract for 21 days), D (75 mg/kg of alloxan and 300 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract for 21 days), and E (75 mg/kg of alloxan and 450 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract for 21 days). The parameters observed werethree factors: blood sugar levels, glycogen levels, and histological images of the liver depicting the condition of either a healthy or diseased liver. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect, namely that the administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg BW was able to reduce blood glucose levels, increase liver glycogen content,and repair liver cell damage in hyperglycemic rats (P<0.01).Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap peningkatan kandungan butir glikogen hati pada tikus hiperglikemik. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi dan Farmakologi Jurusan Klinik Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan A = Kontrol negatif (diberi akuades dan NaCl fisiologis), B= Kontrol positif (75 mg/kg BB aloksan dan diinkubasi selama 21 hari), C (75 mg/kg BB aloksan dan 150 mg/kg BB ekstrak daun kelor selama 21 hari), D (75 mg/kg BB aloksan dan 300 mg/kg BB ekstrak daun kelor selama 21 hari), dan E (75 mg/kg BB aloksan dan 450 mg/kg BB ekstrak daun kelor selama 21 hari). Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar glukosa darah, kandungan butir glikogen hati dan perbaikan sel hati pada tikus hiperglikemik. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan yaitu pemberian ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada dosis 450 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, meningkatkan kandungan butir glikogen hati dan memperbaiki kerusakan sel hati pada tikus hiperglikemik (P<0.01).

Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Santi Noviasari; Zaidiyah Zaidiyah; Yanti Meldasari Lubis
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.17701

Abstract: Kimpul Taro tuber is a source of carbohydrates that is widely grown in Indonesia but contains anti-nutritional compounds, namely calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate can cause itching, irritation, and burning sensation in the mouth, skin, and digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of physical methods and activated charcoal on the reduction of calcium oxalate levels in Kimpul taro flour from Aceh Province, Indonesia. The physical method of boiling and steaming with and without the addition of 6% activated charcoal was used in this study. The parameters observed in this study were calcium oxalate content, water content, ash content, crude fiber content, water absorption, and total starch. The results showed that physical treatment can reduce levels of calcium oxalate in Kimpul taro flour. The lowest levels of calcium oxalate were obtained in the boiling method, with calcium oxalate levels of 25.82 mg/100 g. Low oxalate Kimpul taro flour can be used as a local food raw material for food diversification and to reduce the use of wheat flour.Abstrak: Talas Kimpul merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, namun mengandung komponen anti nutrisi yang disebut kalsium oksalat. Kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gatal, iritasi, sensasi terbakar pada mulut, kulit, dan saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kombinasi metode fisik dan arang aktif terhadap penurunan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Metode fisik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perebusan dan pengukusan dengan dan tanpa penambahan 6% arang aktif. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar kalsium oksalat, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, daya serap air, dan total pati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fisik dapat menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul. Kadar kalsium oksalat terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan metode perebusan yaitu 25,82 mg/100 g. Tepung talas kimpul rendah oksalat dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pangan lokal untuk diversifikasi pangan dan mengurangi penggunaan tepung terigu.

Generation and Characterization of Bio-Oil Obtained From The Slow Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches at Various Temperatures Siti Jamilatun; Dhias Cahya Hakika; Dwita Sarah; Anggun Puspitasari
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.17844

Abstract: In the last decade, biomass pyrolysis has received more attention in the renewable energy sector. This technology converts biomass to obtain valuable products: bio-oil, biochar, and gas. Bio-oil is a liquid product from pyrolysis that can be used to fuel boilers and furnaces, or further processed to produce fuel oil and chemical products. In this study, bio-oil was generated from slow pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) at various temperatures. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the properties of products generated from the pyrolysis of OPEFB. Six different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 to 700℃ were used to produce bio-oil. It was found that operating temperature affected the product yield and its properties significantly. The higher the operating temperature of slow pyrolysis, the amount of bio-oil produced was also increased with a decrease in biochar yield. The highest yield of bio-oil was found to be 55.53% at a pyrolysis temperature of 700℃ with a yield of biochar and syngas was 24.22% and 20.25%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis was used as a quantitative means to characterize the liquid pyrolysis product. The findings of GC-MS showed that bio-oil generated in this study was dominated by phenols and ketones. In conclusion, pyrolysis of OPEFB demonstrates significant potential for industrial applications to generate valuable products especially bio-oil, providing a renewable alternative to fossil fuels.Abstrak: Dalam satu dekade terakhir, pirolisis biomassa semakin mendapat perhatian di sektor energi terbarukan. Teknologi ini mengubah biomassa menjadi produk-produk yang bernilai seperti: bio-oil, biochar, dan gas. Bio-oil adalah produk cair dari pirolisis yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler dan furnace, atau diproses lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar minyak dan produk kimia. Dalam penelitian ini, bio-oil dihasilkan dari proses pirolisis lambat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) pada berbagai kondisi suhu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis TKKS. Berbagai variasi suhu pirolisis dari rentang 300 hingga 700℃ digunakan untuk menghasilkan bio-oil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pirolisis mempengaruhi yield produk dan karakteristiknya secara signifikan. Semakin tinggi suhu operasi pirolisis, jumlah bio-oil yang dihasilkan juga semakin meningkat, namun diikuti dengan penurunan yield biochar. Yield tertinggi bio-oil yaitu sebesar 55,53% diperoleh pada suhu 700℃ diikuti dengan yield biochar dan syngas masing-masing sebesar 24,22% and 20,25%. Analisis GC-MS digunakan sebagai metode kuantitatif untuk mengkarakterisasi produk cair dari pirolisis. Hasil GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa komposisi bio-oil yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini didominasi oleh senyawa fenol dan keton. Penelitian ini menjanjikan potensi dari pirolisis TKKS untuk aplikasi industri guna menghasilkan produk bernilai tinggi berupa bio-oil sebagai penyedia sumber energi terbarukan pengganti bahan bakar fosil.

Comparison Study of Macropollutant Removal in River Water Using Conventional Treatment and Nanofiber Membrane-Based System Auliya Anwar; Cut Meurah Rosnelly; Ichwana Ramli; Nasrul Arahman; Afrillia Fahrina
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.17861

Abstract: High levels of nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4) concentrations in water sources due to agricultural drainage or municipal disposal can generate eutrophication. It is characterized by blooms of either green or blue-green algae leading to significant drops in dissolved oxygen and frequently renders many fish and zooplankton species unable to survive in the water. In this study, the efforts to reduce total suspended solids (TSS), NO3, and PO4 pollutants in river water are evaluated using conventional treatment and membrane filtration systems as a comparison. Conventional water treatment process uses bar screening, flocculation-coagulation, and settling/sedimentation to remove pollutants; while membrane filtration system rejects a wide range of pollutants using pore exclusion. This study assessed electrospinning membrane filtration made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyacrylonitrile/polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticle (PAN/PEG-Ag). The effectiveness of removing pollutant levels after going through a conventional type of water treatment and 12% PAN membrane (EM1), and 12% PAN-PEGAg 1% (EM2) showed the reduction level of TSS was 82.76%, 75.86%, 65.52 %, NO3 reduction was 73.97%, 85.62%, 83.19%, and PO4 reduction was 77.20%, 59.60%, 53.45%. The removal efficiency using pristine PAN membrane was 81.86%, 73.02% when using the conventional process, and 64.31% when using 12% PAN-1% PEGAg. After the conventional and membrane processes, TSS and nitrate level reductions were adequate, as seen from the set quality standard values, i.e., below 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L. Meanwhile, after both water treatments, the phosphate level did not meet the water quality standard, 0.2 mg/L, as regulated in the Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021.Abstrak: Konsentrasi nitrat (NO3) dan fosfat (PO4) yang tinggi dalam sumber air karena drainase pertanian atau pembuangan kota dapat menghasilkan eutrofikasi. Hal ini ditandai dengan mekarnya ganggang hijau atau biru-hijau yang menyebabkan penurunan oksigen terlarut yang signifikan dan sering membuat banyak ikan dan spesies zooplankton tidak dapat bertahan hidup di air. Dalam studi ini, upaya untuk mengurangi polutan total padatan tersuspensi (TSS), NO3, dan PO4 dalam air sungai dievaluasi menggunakan pengolahan konvensional dan sistem filtrasi membran sebagai pembanding. Proses pengolahan air konvensional menggunakan bar screening, flokulasi-koagulasi, dan pengendapan/sedimentasi untuk menghilangkan polutan; sementara sistem filtrasi membran merejeksi berbagai macam polutan menggunakan eksklusi pori. Studi ini menilai filtrasi membran elektrospinning yang terbuat dari polyacrilonitrile (PAN) dan polyacrilonitrile/polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticle (PAN/PEG-Ag). Efektifitas penyisihan kadar pencemar setelah melalui jenis pengolahan air secara konvensional dan membran PAN 12% (EM1), dan PAN 12%-PEGAg 1% (EM2) menunjukkan tingkat reduksi dari TSS adalah 82,76%, 75,86%, 65,52%, reduksi NO3 adalah 73,97%, 85,62%, 83,19%, dan reduksi PO4 adalah 77,20%, 59,60%, 53,45%. Efisiensi penyisihan menggunakan membran PAN murni adalah 81,86%, 73,02% bila menggunakan proses konvensional, dan 64,31% bila menggunakan 12% PAN-1% PEGAg. Setelah proses konvensional dan membran, penurunan kadar TSS dan nitrat cukup baik, terlihat dari nilai baku mutu yang ditetapkan yaitu di bawah 50 mg/L dan 10 mg/L. Sedangkan setelah dilakukan kedua pengolahan air tersebut, kadar fosfat tidak memenuhi baku mutu air yaitu 0,2 mg/L sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021.

Removal of Ion Nitrate and Phosphate Using Cocoa Shell Skin Modified With Functional Polymer Aster Rahayu; Nafira Alfi Zaini Amrillah; Nuraini Nuraini; Veranica Veranica; Siti Jamilatun
Elkawnie Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.18260

Abstract: Cocoa is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, one of which is in the Yogyakarta area. On the outside of the cocoa fruit, it is known as the cocoa shell skin. Cocoa shell skin is an agricultural waste that is a simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly development that is used as an adsorbent for nitrate and phosphate removal. This article discusses the observation of the ability of the cacao shell against ion nitrate and phosphate adsorption and then compares it after being modified with a functional polymer. Modification of the surface of cacao shell skin with 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META) resulted in an improvement; the percentages of removal of ion nitrate and phosphate were 89.67% and 92%, respectively. In addition, this study compared the characterization of materials resulting from the absorption of Cocoa Shell Skin (CH) and Cocoa Shell Skin Modified META (CH-META) for nitrate and phosphate ions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The modification with META could improve the C-N group and N-H groups on the surface of cacao shell skin. Abstrak: Kakao merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia salah satunya di daerah Yogyakarta. Bagian luar buah kakao dikenal dengan kulit cangkang kakao. Kulit cangkang kakao merupakan limbah pertanian yang merupakan pengembangan sederhana yang murah dan ramah lingkungan serta digunakan sebagai adsorben penyerap nitrat dan fosfat. Artikel ini membahas tentang observasi kemampuan kulit cangkang kakao terhadap adsorpsi ion nitrat dan fosfat kemudian adanya perbandingan dengan cangkang cacao setelah dilakukan modifikasi dengan polimer fungsional. Modifikasi permukaan kulit cangkang kakao dengan META menghasilkan peningkatan persentase penyerapan ion nitrat dan fosfat masing-masing sebesar 89,67% dan 92%. Selain itu, penelitian ini membandingkan karakterisasi bahan hasil penyerapan Cocoa Shell Skin (CH) dan Cocoa Shell Skin – Modifikasi META (CH-META) untuk ion nitrat dan fosfat menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Modifikasi dengan META dapat meningkatkan gugus C-N dan gugus N-H pada permukaan kulit cangkang kakao.

Characteristics of Liquid Waste-Derived Organic Fertilizer Enriched With Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Through Anaerobic Fermentation Rafi Mariska; Muhammad Faisal; Cut Meurah Rosnelly; Erisna Mirda
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.18444

Abstract: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an organic waste with high levels of BOD, N, P, K, and Mg. Its presence in rivers and soil has led to pollution and negative impacts on the environment. One potential solution to this issue is transforming POME into a valuable liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of LOF derived from POME-derived LOF enriched with oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) ash through anaerobic fermentation. A 3.5 L of POME and molasses (5% v/v) were introduced into the anaerobic reactor. OPEFB ash was then added at concentrations of 0.35%, 0.46%, and 0.57% w/v. Fermentation was conducted for 5, 8, and 11 days, and Effective Microorganisms (EM4) with concentrations of 1% and 2% v/v were employed to accelerate LOF formation. The evaluation of LOF involved testing its physical characteristics (color, smell, gas, foam, temperature, and EC), fertilizer chemistry (pH, C-organic, Nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O), and biological aspects (contaminant bacteria E. coli). The results of the physical observations indicated that all LOF variations had fully fermented after 11 days, characterized by the presence of an alcohol-like odor, brownish color, absence of foam, and gas bubbles. Chemical tests revealed that LOF B2 and LOF A1, fermented for 8 days, exhibited the highest levels of N, P, and K, which were 0.08%, 0.05%, 1.26% for LOF B2, and 0.085%, 0.023%, 1.24% for LOF A1, respectively. Furthermore, the test result for E. coli in the LOF B2 and LOF A1 samples after 8 days of fermentation indicated that the E. coli level was below 3 MPN per mL. This confirms that the obtained LOF meets the minimum technical requirements specified in the Minister of Agriculture Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the LOF is suitable for industrial-scale production and application in the agricultural sector.Abstrak: Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (POME) merupakan limbah organik dengan kadar BOD, N, P, K, dan Mg yang tinggi. Kehadirannya di sungai dan tanah telah menyebabkan pencemaran dan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, salah satu solusi potensial adalah mengubah POME menjadi pupuk organik cair (POC) yang bernilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik POC dari POME setelah penambahan abu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan metode fermentasi anaerob. Sebanyak 3,5 L POME dan tetes tebu (5% v/v) dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor anaerobik. Kemudian ditambahkan abu TKKS dengan konsentrasi 0,35%; 0,46%; dan 0,57% b/v. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5, 8, dan 11 hari, dan Effective Microorganism (EM4) dengan konsentrasi 1% dan 2% v/v digunakan untuk mempercepat pembentukan POC. Evaluasi POC meliputi pengujian sifat fisik (warna, bau, gas, buih, suhu, dan EC), kimia pupuk (pH, C-organik, Nitrogen, P2O5, dan K2O), dan aspek biologi (bakteri pencemar E. coli). Hasil pengamatan fisik menunjukkan bahwa semua variasi POC telah terfermentasi sempurna setelah 11 hari, ditandai dengan adanya bau alkohol, warna kecoklatan, tidak adanya buih dan gelembung gas. Uji kimia menunjukkan bahwa POC B2 dan POC A1 yang difermentasi selama 8 hari menunjukkan kadar N, P, dan K tertinggi berturut-turut, yaitu 0,08%; 0,05%; 1,26% untuk POC B2; dan 0,085%; 0,023%; 1,24% untuk POC A1. Selanjutnya, hasil pengujian E. coli pada sampel POC B2 dan POC A1 dengan lama fermentasi 8 hari menunjukkan bahwa kadar E. coli di bawah 3 MPN per mL sehingga POC yang diperoleh telah memenuhi persyaratan teknis minimum (PTM) berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 261 Tahun 2019.

Indonesia’s Renewable Energy Outlook: What to Expect in The Future Renewable Energy of Indonesia. A Brief Review Ian Kurniawan; Reisya Ichwani; Richa Fionasari; Aryansyah Batubara; Adri Huda
Elkawnie Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v8i2.18738

Abstract: The government of the Republic of Indonesia has reported that Indonesia potentially have more than 400,000 Megawatts (MW) of renewable energy by 2021. However, there is no comprehensive study about the trend of development and priority movement in the renewable energy sector. The main reason for the absence of this study is the lack of significant information and reports on the prospects for renewable energy in Indonesia. The present study aims to provide a basic understanding of renewable energy sector growth in Indonesia. The study uses quantitative analysis with the secondary data obtained from the literature. The result showed that the hydropower plant contributed the highest energy production in Indonesia followed by bioenergy, solar energy, and wind energy. Furthermore, the production trends of hydropower plants and bioenergy were relatively stagnant over the last 11 years, and the highest significant improvement was found in the solar energy sector. However, the number of solar energy production was far away from the targeted goal in RUEN (National Energy Master Plan/Rencana Utama Energi Nasional) 2017. The high cost of the solar energy sector become the main reason for the unsuccessful development of solar energy in Indonesia. Furthermore, several administrations and regulations were found to the political reasons which delay the energy transition improvement. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia must be able to improve and form regulations in the form of tax reduction regulations and electricity export-import subsidies to spur the growth and development of renewable energy in Indonesia. Opening up space for renewable energy investment in the public sector is a real contribution to society and is a solution to accelerate the achievement of the energy transition in Indonesia.Abstrak: Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah melaporkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi lebih dari 400.000 Megawatts (MW) Energi Baru dan Terbarukan (EBT) di tahun 2021. Namun, penelitian terhadap pola pengembangan dan pergerakan pengembangan EBT masih belum banyak ditemukan. Alasan utama dari tidak ditemukan penelitian ataupun studi tentang potensi EBT di Indonesia adalah keterbatasan informasi dan laporan terhadap prospek EBT di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan pemahaman dasar dari perkembangan sektor EBT di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga (PLT) Air menjadi sektor yang paling banyak memproduksi EBT di Indonesia disusul oleh PLT Bioenergi, PLT Surya, dan PLT Bayu. Namun, pola produksi energi menunjukkan PLT Air dan PLT Bioenergi menunjukkan produktivitas yang relative tetap pada 11 tahun terakhir dimana peningkatan produktivitas terbesar berada pada PLT Surya. Namun, jumlah produktivitas PLT Surya masih tergolong kecil jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah produksi target yang dilaporkan pada Rancangan Utama Energi Nasional (RUEN) 2017. Biaya yang tinggi dari PLT Surya menjadi alasan utama dari ketidakberhasilan pengembangan PLT Surya di Indonesia. Selain itu, beberapa alasan administratif dan regulasi ditemukan menjadi alasan politis yang dapat memperlambat pengembangan transisi energi di Indonesia. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia harus mampu memperbaiki dan membentuk regulasi berupa adanya regulasi pengurangan pajak dan subsidi ekspor-impor listrik untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan energi terbarukan di Indonesia. Membuka ruang untuk investasi energi terbarukan ke sektor public merupakan kontribusi nyata ke masyarakat merupakan solusi untuk mempercepat pencapaian transisi energi di Indonesia.

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Ghufran Ibnu Yasa

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+6285277813297

Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
Syeikh Abdur Rauf street, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia

Location
Kota banda aceh,

Aceh

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ghufran Ibnu Yasa

Contact Email ghufran.yasa@gmail.com

Phone +6285277813297

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address Syeikh Abdur Rauf street, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia

Location Kota banda aceh, Aceh INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ghufran Ibnu Yasa

Contact Email
ghufran.yasa@gmail.com

Phone
+6285277813297

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
Syeikh Abdur Rauf street, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia

Location
Kota banda aceh,

Aceh

INDONESIA