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INDONESIA
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
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Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
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Articles 502 Documents
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EKSTRAKSI DAN PENGERINGAN POLISAKARIDA DARI JAMUR MERANG SAWIT VOLVARIELLA VOLVACEAE Purwita, Rahmadina; Kusumaningtyas, Pintaka; Susanti, Revi; Anjarwati, Dewi; Febriyanti, Shinta; Romadhan G.F.F, Alfiqi Gilang Nur
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Polysaccharides are the main component in edible mushrooms and have an important role in food and medicine. Polysaccharide extraction methods and drying of mushroom simplicia are very important to obtain high polysaccharide soaks. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of adding pressure and alkali on the results of polysaccharide soaking extracted using the hot water extraction method, and the effect of different drying methods (food dehydrator and freeze drying) on the results of polysaccharide soaking. Stages in the research include: (1) collecting palm fungal biomass that grows on empty oil palm bunches, (2) preparing mushroom powder, (3) drying palm fungus biomass using a food dehydrator at a temperature of 70oC, (4) extracting dry palm fungus biomass using hot water, pressurized hot water and alkali, (5) determination of polysaccharide soak. The research results showed that the hot water extraction method without applying pressure gave a soaking yield of 3.85%, while with applying pressure the soaking yield was 8.29%. Re-extraction with the addition of alkaline solvent was able to increase the yield of polysaccharide soak by 5.08%. The research results also showed that the drying method influenced the results of the polysaccharide soak obtained. Drying with a food dehydrator was able to obtain higher soaking results (13.37%) compared to freeze drying (6.02%). Thus, it can be concluded that the oil palm mushroom simplicia which is dried with a food dehydrator and extracted using the hot water extraction method with pressure and alkali is able to increase the highest yield of polysaccharide soak. Keywords: hot water extraction, food dehydrator, freeze drying
MINI RIVIEW: POTENSI ASAM MALAT (2-hydrobutanedioic-acid) DAN TURUNANNYA SEBAGAI SURFAKTAN Rachmat, A. Khafifah Dwi; Daniel, Daniel; Pasaribu, Subur P.
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Malic acid (2-hydrobutanedioic-acid) is a dicarboxylic acid (carboxylic acid) which is generally found in many apples. Several malic acid derivatives have been synthesized through esterification and amidation reactions, including methyl malate, maleyl oleate and maleyl glutamide. Based on the results of FT-IR analysis of malic acid, it is known that there is an absorption peak at wave number 3448.72 cm¬-1 indicating the presence of an alcohol group and an absorption peak at wave number 1720.50 cm-1 indicating the presence of a carboxylic group. In methyl malate, it is known that in the wave number area of ​​1735.93 cm-1, stretching vibrations of the C=O ester carbonyl group occur. In maleyl oleate, the absorption in the wave area of ​​1743.65 cm-1 is a typical absorption from the stretching vibration of C=O ester. In maleyl glutamide, it is known that there is absorption at the peak wave number of 3425.58 cm-1 which is the stretching vibration of the NH (amide) group. The results of several literatures explain that the malic acid derivative, namely methyl malate, has an HLB value of 11.2 and can be used as an O/W (Oil in Water) emulsifier. The HLB value of maleyl oleate has a value of 4.61 which can be used as a W/O (Water in Oil) emulsifier and for maleyl glutamide the HLB is 14.84 which can be used as an O/W (Oil in Water) emulsifier. Therefore, malic acid derivatives have potential as materials for surfactant synthesis. Keywords: Malic Acid, Esterification and HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance).
ADSORPSI METHYLENE BLUE OLEH ARANG AKTIF: MINI REVIEW Mulyana, Mulyana; Wirawan, Teguh; Marliana, Eva
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Methylene blue is a cationic dye molecule which is quite dangerous for the body, one of which can cause irritation of the digestive tract if swallowed, cause cyanosis if inhaled, and cause skin irritation if touched. Adsorption is one of the separation methods most often used in most industries, because the process is easy, and the operating costs are also relatively cheap. Activated charcoal is widely used as an adsorbent material because it has high porosity and surface area and has good absorption capacity for organic and non-organic materials. In this research, a literature study has been carried out on the adsorption of methylene blue with activated charcoal adsorbent from various types of ingredients. There are various factors that can influence the adsorption ability of methylene blue by activated carbon, such as the type of original material, the type of activator used to include HCl, NaCl, KOH, NaOH, H2SO4, and Na2CO3, as well as the temperature range for carbonation between 300-700oC. Adsorption parameters varied, such as pH between 4-9, contact time between 20-240 minutes, and adsorption capacity between 6.90-1614.968 mg/g. Keywords: Methylene blue, Adsorption, Activated charcoal.
A MINI REVIEW: STUDI KOMPUTASI TERHADAP STRUKTUR ELEKTROLIT PADA SILICENE, GRAPHENE, DAN GERMANENE Harvina, Harvina; Gunawan, Rahmat; Allo, Veliyana Londong
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Research on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, silicene, and germanene has garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic and mechanical properties. This mini review employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) to compare the electronic properties of these three materials. The results show that graphene, with sp² hybridization, possesses outstanding electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength, with a lattice constant of 2.46 Å. Silicene and germanene, composed of silicon and germanium atoms respectively, exhibit higher surface reactivity and potential for advanced electronic applications due to their ability to open band gaps through various methods. Silicene has a lattice constant of 3.90 Å and an electronegativity of 1.9, while germanene has a lattice constant of 3.97 Å and an electronegativity of 2.01. The band structures of silicene and graphene do not exhibit band gaps, with dominant states in the p orbital, whereas germanene displays semiconductor behavior with a zero band gap opening at the K-point. Graphene shows high in-plane stiffness, while silicene and germanene have respective stiffness, with graphene and silicene being brittle and germanene being ductile. This study provides insights into the fundamental differences in the electronic properties of graphene, silicene, and germanene, as well as their potential applications in semiconductor technology and high-speed, low-energy electronic devices. Keywords: Silicene, Graphene, Germanene, DFT, Electronic structure
ANALISIS POTENSI PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Pb) PADA LINDI HIDROPONIK TANAMAN PAKCOY DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETER SERAPAN ATOM Azizah, Siti Halimatuz Zahroh; Alimuddin, Alimuddin; Widodo, Nanang Tri
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Analysis of the heavy metal lead (Pb) has been carried out in hydroponic leachate using nutrients (A-B mix) of pak-choy plants using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. The samples used were 5 samples originating from 5 hydroponic installations at 2 different hydroponic cultivation locations. The research was carried out in the 2nd and 4th weeks of the hydroponic planting period. The sample preparation was wet destruction using HNO3. The research results showed that the levels of the heavy metal lead (Pb) in the 2nd week of testing, namely sample A was 0.9418 ppm: sample B was 0.9418 ppm; sample C was 2.2906 ppm; sample D was 2.2906 ppm and sample E was 6.3488 ppm. However, in the 4th week of testing no lead heavy metal contamination was found, the five samples used showed results <0.0016. So the results obtained are still below the quality standard value, namely a maximum of 5 ppm based on Minister of Agriculture Regulation No.261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019. Keywords: Hydroponic leachate, Nutrition (A-B mix), Lead (Pb)
ISOLASI SENYAWA AKTIF DARI BELALUQ LESOOQ (CLOTARIA PALLIDA AITON) TUMBUHAN OBAT ASLI KALIMANTAN TIMUR DAN KALIMANTAN UTARA SEBAGAI BAHAN KOSMETIK Purba, Ritson; Tsunami, Anissa
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Isolation of active compounds from medicinal plants native to East and North Kalimantan, namely Belalauq Lesooq (Crotalaria pallida), was carried out to obtain isolates from this plant. This research aims to determine the anti-bacterial and antioxidant activity of the plant. Isolation is carried out by fractionation or isolation methods using a chromatography column with a solvent gradient system. Starting from n hexane followed by a more polar solvent. where the crude plant extract is directly fractionated using a solvent of the lowest polarity, namely n-hexane, followed by adding a more polar solvent. The extract previously used was an extract obtained from the extraction of dry powder from the young leaves of the Belalauq Lesooq (Crotalaria pallida) plant. Isolation was carried out on this plant with an isolation yield for Belalauq Lesooq (Crotalaria pallida) of 90.64%. The isolates that were tested for their antioxidant activity and anti-bacterial P. acne (anti-acne) were the best isolates (BS18). The BS18 isolate was obtained at 0.2310 grams. The antioxidant activity test was found to be 32.82 mg/L using the DPPH reduction method (IC50) with the antibacterial P. acne inhibitory power being 13.33 mm. Where BS18 is a pure isolate obtained from n-hexane: ethyl acetate 6:4 fractionation. Keywords: isolation, antioxidant, P.acne bacteria, cosmetics.
ANALISIS TERMOGRAVIMETRI Spirulina platensis DENGAN KATALIS Ni/Al-SBA-15 RASIO Si/Al=10 MENGGUNAKAN LAJU PEMANASAN 10°C/MENIT Anisa, Nia Nur; Subagyono, R.R. Dirgarini Julia Nurlianti; Allo, Veliyana Londong
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

The thermogravimetric analysis of Spirulina platensis with Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst (Si/Al ratio = 10) using a heating rate of 10°C/min has been conducted. This study was performed to determine and analyze the chemical decomposition process of Spirulina platensis with a pyrolysis heating rate of 10°C/min. Based on the characterization results, Spirulina platensis has a moisture content of 8.34% and an ash content of 7.18%. The TG and DTG curves show the active pyrolysis temperature range of Spirulina platensis microalgae with Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst between approximately 155-496°C. The chemical decomposition of Spirulina platensis with Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst occurs in three stages: 1. water evaporation, 2. active pyrolysis, where the decomposition of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid compounds takes place, and 3. passive pyrolysis caused by gasification and the formation of non-volatile carbon compounds that vaporize to form CO and CO2 gases at high temperatures. Keywords: Thermogravimetry, Spirulina platensis, Pyrolysis, Ni/Al-SBA-15
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK METANOL JARINGAN KULIT BATANG TANAMAN BINTARO (Cerbera manghas L) TERHADAP BIBIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Abunoya, Juleha Ilfri; Usman, Usman
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

The Bintaro tree (Cerbera manghas L) is a mangrove plant native to the tropics of Indonesia, Australia, Madagascar, and the western islands of the Pacific Ocean. The name Cerbera comes from the serberine poison found in the seeds and all parts of the tree. The bark contains saponins and tannins, and the leaves and fruits contain polyphenols. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of active compounds from the bark tissue of bintaro plants and the results of toxicity tests of bintaro plant stem tissue against tilapia. The method used in this study consists of 3 stages, namely extraction, phytochemical test (color test) and toxicity test. Extraction was done by maceration method using methanol solvent. Phytochemical test was done by color test. Phytochemical test results showed that methanol extract of bintaro stem bark was positive for alkaloid, steroid and triterpenoid secondary metabolites. The toxicity test of bintaro bark extract on tilapia fish seeds using the calculation of LC50 obtained a result of 88.1198 Based on the results of the phytochemical test of methanol extract of bintaro bark tissue (Cerbera manghas L), it is concluded that the methanol extract clearly contains alkaloid, steroid, and triterpenoid compounds, and the toxicity test of methanol extract of bintaro bark tissue on tilapia fish seeds using the BSLT method shows the toxic activity of methanol extract of bark tissue is toxic. Keywords : Cerbera Manghas L., Bintaro, Phytochemical Test, Toxicity Test
MINI REVIEW: PENERAPAN BERBAGAI IONOFOR DALAM PEMBUATAN ELEKTRODA SELEKTIF ION (ESI) Pb2+ SECARA POTENSIOMETRI Padang, Dea Angelina Tiku; Yusuf, Bohari; Arif, Moh Syaiful
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

This mini review provides a brief overview of the application of various types of ionophores in the fabrication of ion-selective electrodes (ISE) for detecting Pb2+ ions using the potentiometric method. Ionophores are key components in ISEs that determine the selectivity and sensitivity of the electrode toward the target ion. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into selecting effective ionophores for potentiometric applications in detecting Pb2+ contamination in the environment. The method used in this review involves screening articles on google scholar, research gate, and garuda published between 2015 and 2022. In this review, five types of ionophores were identified as active membrane materials for the fabrication of Pb2+ ISEs, including chitosan; 1,10-dibenzyl-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 with anionic site KTCPB; dithizone; 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 with anionic site KTCPB; and pt-butylcalix[4]arena with anionic site KTCPB. These ionophores were found to have Nernst values of 29.1, 29.64, 29.5, 27.61, 26.15, and 27.61 mV/decade, respectively. Dithizone was identified as the most effective ionophore for detecting Pb2+ due to its Nernst value being closest to the theoretical Nernst value of 29.57 mV/decade. Keywords: Ion-Selective Electrode (ISEs), ionophores, potentiometry, Pb2+ ions, Nernst factor
ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METHYLENE BLUE MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN KOMPOSIT Fe3O4-ARANG AKTIF KULIT LAI [Durio Kutejensis (Hassk.)Becc.] Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Wirawan, Teguh; Koesnarpadi, Soerja
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Prosiding SNK 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Methylene blue is a synthetic dye commonly used in industry. Methylene blue is not very toxic to humans, but can cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and systemic effects including blood changes. This research aims to utilize lai bark activated charcoal composited with Fe3O4 as an adsorbent to adsorb methylene blue dye. Fe3O4-lai skin activated charcoal composite adsorbent was synthesized using the co-precipitation method from FeSO4.7H2O and FeCl3.6H2O then combined with lai skin activated charcoal. The Fe3O4-activated charcoal composite for skin was characterized using FTIR. The results of composite characterization using FTIR show that there is a wave number of 596.00 cm-1 which is the Fe-O group. The research results showed that the optimum conditions for the adsorption of methylene blue dye by the Fe3O4-activated charcoal composite adsorbent for lai skin were 60 minutes, pH 8, concentration 250 mg/L and following the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4-lai skin activated charcoal composite was 197.8792 mg/g. Keywords: Adsorption, Methylene Blue Dye, Composite, Lai Leather

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