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Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah
ISSN : 20869029     EISSN : 26545675     DOI : -
Memfokuskan diri pada publikasi berbagai hasil penelitian, telaah literatur, dan karya ilmiah lainnya yang cakupannya meliputi bidang ilmu syariah, hukum dan kemasyarakatan secara monodisipliner, interdisipliner, dan multidisipliner.
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Articles 259 Documents
TUJUAN NEGARA DALAM ISLAM MENURUT YUSUF AL-QARADHAWI: The Purpose of the State in Islam According to Yusuf al-Qaradawi Abdullah, Sigit Ridwan
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 19 No. 1 (2017): Asy-Syariah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v19i1.4134

Abstract

AbstractYusuf al-Qaradawi is one of the figures of so many scholars who contributed to the thinking of the Islamic state. His attention to politics and state is evidenced by the   presence of some of his works such as الإسلام في الدولة فقه من (Fiqh of State in Islamic Perspective),  الشرعية السياسة (Political Sharia), الإسلام مواجهة في العلماني التطرف (Extreme Secular Attitudes towards Islam), وهم لا حقيقة اللإسلامية اللأمة (The Political Unit of Ummah is a Reality). This research tried to review Yusuf al-Qaradawi's view on Islamic state, using descriptive analytical methods and literature review upon the above stated Yusuf al-Qaradawi's books or writings. The research result shows that Islamic state according to Yusuf al-Qaradawi is "a state based on faith and thought." He stated that there are four objectives of Islamic government. Firstly, Islamic Government does not aim to control the nation and its natural resources, but to preserve and protect the people. Secondly, fulfill the mandate from the owner. Thirdly, uphold justice for the human race. Fourthly, strengthen the religion in the earth as the most important goal by establishing faith, hudud and applying the law and its messages.Keywords: Islamic State, State aims, Yusuf al-QaradhawiAbstrakYusuf al-Qaradhawi merupakan salah satu tokoh dari begitu banyak tokoh pemikir yang turut memberikan kontribusi pemikiran tentang negara Islam. Perhatiannya terhadap politik dan kenegaraan terbukti dengan adanya beberapa karya beliau seperti bukuمن فقه الدولة في الإسلام (Fiqih Negara dalam Perspektif Islam), السياسة الشرعية  (Politik Syariah), التطرف العلماني في مواجهة الإسلام (Sikap Sekuler Ekstrim dalam Menghadapi Islam), اللأمة اللإسلامية حقيقة لا وهم (Kesatu­an Politik Ummat Islam adalah Suatu Kenyataan). Penelitian ini menganalisis pandangan Yusuf al-Qaradhawi terhadap negara Islam dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dalam bentuk library research, terhadap buku-buku atau tulisan lepas Yusuf al-Qaradhawi tersebut di atas. Negara Islam menurut Yusuf al-Qaradhawi adalah “negara yang berlandas­kan akidah dan pemikiran.” Ia menyatakan bahwa ada empat tujuan pemerintah­an Islam yaitu: Pertama, Pemerintahan Islam tidak bertujuan untuk menguasai lahir batin, tetapi untuk memelihara dan melindungi rakyat. Kedua, menunaikan amanat kepada pemiliknya. Ketiga, menegakan keadilan bagi ummat manusia. Keempat, mengo­koh­kan agama di muka bumi sebagai tujuan yang paling utama dengan menanam­­kan akidah, hudud dan mengaplikasikan hukum dan pesan-pesan­nya.Kata kunci: Negara Islam, tujuan negara, Yusuf al-Qaradhawi
KEABSAHAN FENOMENA PERKAWINAN JAM’U BAINAL UKHTAIN MENURUT HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA: The Legal Validity of Jam‘u Bainal Ukhtain Marriage According to Indonesian Marriage Law Kholid, Ilham Abdul
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 19 No. 1 (2017): Asy-Syariah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v19i1.4135

Abstract

AbstractIslam has arranged marital affairs as well as possible, including the prohibition of marrying two female siblings at the same time or what is called jam'u bainal ukhtain. Although the ban was clear, the phenomenon of the marriage of jam'u bainal ukhtain still occurred between a man who married two female siblings at once, namely between A (L) and N (P) his brother, then I (P) his sister in the village Sukasenang Banyuresmi District, Garut Regency. This study aims to determine the background of the marriage of jam'u bainal ukhtain, the process of conducting the marriage jam’u bainal ukhtain, and the legal consequences of the marriage of jam’u bainal ukhtain which occurred in Sukasenang Village, Banyuresmi District, Garut Regency. The research method used in this study is a case study by collecting data through interview techniques and literature studies. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the cause of the marriage of Jam'u bainal ukhtain was the mistaken belief regarding adat ngarunghal (overtaking), along with the lack of religious knowledge and lack of education. In addition, identity concealment was also found. The process of the first marriage between A and N is carried out openly and has fulfilled the pillars and terms of marriage, then the second marriage between A and I is carried out in a closed manner because it is clearly prohibited and unlawful. This form of marriage results in illegitimate marriages between A and I, so that the relationship between husband and wife is done with zina. The ARanak born from the marriage only has civil relations with the mother and family of the mother only, and there is no nasab rights and inherits each other between A and AR.Keywords : jam’u bainal ukhtain, marriage is not legal, civil relationsAbstrakIslam telah mengatur urusan perkawinan dengan sebaik-baiknya, termasuk adanya larangan menikahi dua saudara kandung perempuan sekaligus atau yang disebut dengan jam’u bainal ukhtain. Walaupun telah jelas larangannya, fenomena perkawinan jam’u bainal ukhtain tetap saja terjadi antara seorang laki-laki yang menikahi dua orang perempuan saudara sekandung sekaligus, yaitu antara A (L) dengan N (P) kakaknya, kemudian I (P) adiknya di Desa Sukasenang Kecamatan Banyuresmi Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang terjadinya perkawinan jam’u bainal ukhtain, proses pelaksanaan perkawinan jam’u bainal ukhtain, dan akibat hukum dari perkawinan jam’u bainal ukhtain yang terjadi di Desa Sukasenang Kecamatan Banyuresmi Kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan pengumpulan data melalui teknik wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh ditemukan bahwa penyebab perkawinan jam’u bainal ukhtain tersebut adalah adanya keyakinan yang keliru mengenai adat ngarunghal (mendahului), disertai minimnya pengetahuan agama dan kurangnya pendidikan. Di samping itu ditemukan pula penyembunyian identitas. Proses pernikahan pertama antara A dengan N yang dilakukan secara terbuka dan telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat pernikahan, kemudian pernikahan kedua antara A dengan I yang dilakukan secara tertutup karena jelas pernikahan tersebut dilarang dan haram hukumnya. Bentuk pernikahan seperti ini mengakibatkan tidak sahnya perkawinan antara A dan I, sehingga hubungan suami istri yang dilakukan sama dengan zina. Adapun ARanak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan tersebut, hanya memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya saja, serta tidak ada hak nasab dan saling mewarisi antara A dengan AR.Kata Kunci : jam’u bainal ukhtain, perkawinan tidak sah, hubungan keperdataan
PRINSIP EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW SEBAGAI ILLAT HUKUM DALAM QISHAS MENURUT AL-SYAFII DAN ABU HANIFAH: Equality Before the Law Principle as ‘Illat in Qisās According to al-Shāfi‘ī and Abū Ḥanīfah Munawar, Riskiyanto
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 19 No. 1 (2017): Asy-Syariah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v19i1.4228

Abstract

Abstract In Islamic law, a deliberate act of murder is sanctioned with qishash according to Allah's SWT commandment in al-Quran Surah al-Baqarah verse 178. In its application, the Islamic Law scholars agree that if someone kills intentionally without any shar'i reasons, then the penalty is qishash. However there is a disagreement about sanctions for a Muslim who kills a non-muslim, whether the qishash is applied to this situation or not. Using a comparative descriptive method, the results show that the death penalty (qishash) according to al-Shafi'i can only be applied if both the perpetrator and victim are fellow Muslims, and qishash does not apply if the victim is a non-Muslim. His view is based upon dzahir nash. As for Abu Hanifa, it was argued that qishash was still carried out even though the victim was a dhimmi (a protected non-muslim), considering that Islamic law does not only apply to Muslims, but also to all human. This opinion is in line with the principle of equality before the law as applicable in Indonesia. Keywords: qishash, equality before the law, human rights Abstrak Dalam Hukum Islam, tindakan pembunuhan yang disengaja disanksi dengan qishash sebagaimana firman Allah SAW dalam al-Quran surat al-Baqarah ayat 178. Dalam penerapan­nya, jumhur ulama sepakat, bahwa apabila seseorang membunuh dengan sengaja tanpa alasan yang dibenarkan syar’i, maka hukumannya adalah qishash. Namun mereka berbeda pendapat tentang sanksi bagi seorang muslim yang membunuh seorang kafir (dzimmi). Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sanksi hukuman mati (qishash) menurut al-Syafi’i hanya dapat diterapkan apabila pelaku dan korban adalah sesama muslim, dan qishash tidak berlaku apabila korban seorang non-muslim karena adanya perbedaan keyakinan antara pembunuh dan yang dibunuh sebagaimana dzahir nash. Adapun Abu Hanifah berpendapat, bahwa qishah tetap dilakukan meskipun korban adalah seorang dzimmi, mengingat hukum Islam tidak hanya berlaku bagi umat muslim saja, namun juga bagi seluruh manusia. pendapat tersebut sejalan dengan asas persamaan dihadapan hukum sebagaimana yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Qishash, persamaan dihadapan hukum, hak asasi manusia  
INDONESIA DALAM DOKTRIN HUKUM DAN PEMBANGUNAN: Indonesia in the Doctrine of Law and Development Fauzia, Ine
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 19 No. 2 (2017): Asy-Syariah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v19i2.4358

Abstract

AbstractBased on Law and development doctrine, according to David Trubek and Alvaro Santos in The New Law and Economic Development book, there are at least three phases of legal roles in development, namely 1) Law and Developmental State, 2) Law and the Neoliberal Market, and 3) The emerging paradigm. Using descriptive analysis methods, this paper attempts to examine Indonesia’s position in these three phases through legislation, government policies and secondary data related to this paper. The search results show that Indonesia has experienced the first and second moments of legal and development relations. To enter the third moment, Indonesia should not experience difficulties if Pancasila as national ideology is fully understood and re-enforced in Indonesia.Keywords:development phase, role of law, human rights AbstrakBerdasarkan Doktrin Hukum dan Pembangunan menurut David Trubek dan Alvaro Santos melalui buku The New Law and Economic Development, setidaknya terdapat tiga fase perkembangan peran hukum dalam pembangunan, yaitu 1) Law and the Developmental State, 2) Law and the Neoliberal Market, dan 3) The emerging paradigm. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengkaji posisi Indonesia dalam ketiga fase tersebut melalui peraturan perundang-undangan, kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah serta data-data sekunder yang terkait dengan tulisan ini. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah mengalami momen pertama dan momen kedua dari hubungan hukum dan pembangunan. Untuk masuk kepada momen ketiga, Indonesia hendaknya tidak akan mengalami kesulitan jika falsafah Pancasila yang digadang sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum dipahami secara utuh untuk kemudian ditegakkan di bumi Indonesia.Kata Kunci:fase pembangunan, peran hukum, hak asasi manusia
SISTEM NENGAH SAWAH DI DESA CIKITU KABUPATEN BANDUNG DALAM PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM: The Nengah Sawah Land-Sharing System in Cikitu Village, Bandung Regency: An Islamic Legal Perspective Rohmana, Asep
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 19 No. 2 (2017): Asy-Syariah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v19i2.4390

Abstract

AbstractThe practice of muzara'ah, or joint management of agricultural land, can be found in various regions in Indonesia. One of them is in the Cikitu Village, Pacet District, Bandung Regency, using the term nengah. One of the main principles in this muzara'ah is the determination of profit sharing at the beginning of agreement (akad), in addition to other requirements. The pillars are the parties, seeds and the types of plants to be planted, land to be cultivated, and the processing period. This study raises issues regarding the suitability of nengah with the conditions required by muzara'ah. The approach method used in this study is case study with data obtained from interviews, fiqh muamalah documentation and references. The results of the study show that the nengah system in Cikitu Village has fulfilled the pillars of muzara'ah. However, from the conditions, the profit sharing between land owner and farmer is not determined at the beginning of agreement (akad), but at harvest time. If the results are good, the distribution is 50:50, but if the yield is considered unsatisfactory, then the profit sharing is 2/3 for the land owner and 1/3 for the sharecropper. The determination has an element of uncertainty (gharar) in the distribution of crops.Keywords:Muzara’ah, land cultivation, sharecropAbstrakPraktik muzara’ah, atau pengelolaan bersama lahan pertanian, dapat ditemukan di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah di Desa Cikitu Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Bandung dengan menggunakan istilah nengah. Salah satu prinsip utama dalam muzara’ah ini adalah penetapan pembagian hasil di awal akad, di samping persyaratan lainnya. Adapun rukunnya adalah orang yang berakad, benih dan jenis tanaman yang akan ditanam, lahan yang dikerjakan, dan jangka waktu pengolahan. Kajian ini mengangkat permasalahan mengenai kesesuaian pelaksanaan nengah dengan ketentuan yang disyaratkan dalam muzara’ah tersebut. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini yaitu studi kasus dengan data-data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, dokumentasi dan referensi fiqh muamalah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penggarapan lahan dengan cara nengah sawah di Desa Cikitu telah memenuhi rukun muzara’ah. Namun dari syarat, pembagian hasil untuk petani pemilik lahan dan petani penggarap tidak ditentukan pada waktu akad, melainkan ditentukan pada waktu panen.  Ketentuan tersebut antara lain jika hasilnya bagus maka pembagiannya 50:50, akan tetapi jika hasil panennya dirasa kurang memuaskan, maka bagi hasilnya 2/3 untuk pemilik lahan dan 1/3 untuk petani penggarap. Penetapan tersebut memiliki unsur ketidakpastian (gharar) dalam pembagian hasil panen.Kata Kunci :Muzara’ah, Nengah, penggarapan lahan
AKIBAT HUKUM PERKAWINAN TIDAK DICATAT TERHADAP ISTRI DAN ANAK ATAS HAK KEBENDAAN MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA: Legal Consequences of Unregistered Marriages for Wives and Children Regarding Property Rights Under Islamic Law in Indonesia Khosyi’ah, Siah
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v18i2.659

Abstract

This paper describes the legal consequences of marriage were not recorded on the wives and children of the right material according to Islamic law in Indonesia, so this article is focused on the history of marriage in Indonesia, marriage is not recorded, and the legal consequences of marriage were not recorded for the right material. Legal remedies that can be done to make the recognition of the state for the marriage were not recorded, namely through the filing legalitation of marriage (isbat nikah) to the Islamic Courts. In Islamic Law Compilation explained that: who has the right to apply for legalitation of marriage (isbat nikah) is a husband or wife, their children, the guardian of marriage, and interested parties.
KRITIK HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PERUBAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 38 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT: Islamic Legal Critique of the Amendment to Law No. 38 of 1999 on Zakat Management Fathonih, Ahmad
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v18i2.660

Abstract

Zakat is believed as part of Islamic legal doctrines. It means that Islam will never stand up without supported by zakat because it is also placed and mentioned in the Quran. As one of Islamic doctrines, the Quran describes the importance of zakat similar with praying shalat like quoted in the surah al-Baqarah verse 277. It is actually seemed that every Muslim needs to do shalat as a ritual activity and zakat is both ritual and social. This paper explains the position and function of zakat that is regulated under the law of zakat number 38 of 1999 as one of Islamic law instruments to increase the development of economy in Indonesia.
ASAS-ASAS BANTUAN HUKUM DAN PERAN HAKAM DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM: STUDI KRITIS ATAS TAFSIR AL-QURAN SURAT AL-NISÂ’ AYAT 35: Legal Aid Principle and Ḥakam Role in Law Enforcement: a Critical Interpretation of Surah al-Nisā’ Verse 35 Kusnadi, Didi
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v18i2.661

Abstract

This paper explains the bases of legal aid in Islamic law through a critical study on the concept of hakam reduced from the Quranic interpretation Surah al-Nisâ’ verse 35. As a primary source of Islamic law, the Quran is believed guarantying the universal principles of Islamic law that is relevant with law enforcement. It is also implemented practically and comprehensively in the line of the bases of legal aid and developed it into the concept of hakam. Therefore, it can be seen as one of Islamic law contribution within the rule of law in Indonesia through the concept of hakam which can be formed for development of legal aid concept and its application within the law of legal aid in Indonesia.
ISLAM DAN KEMAJEMUKAN DI INDONESIA (Upaya Menjadikan Nilai-nilai yang Menjunjung Tinggi Kemajemukan dalam Islam sebagai Kekuatan Positif bagi Perkembangan Demokrasi): Islam and Pluralism in Indonesia: Upholding Diversity as a Positive Force in Democratic Development Syarif, Nurrohman
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v18i2.662

Abstract

Indonesia is a pluralistic nation when seen from diverse ethnic, cultural, linguistic, ethnic and religious diversity as a result of it is likely to have a positive impact or negative. Pluralism in Islamic thought caused by the many schools of theology, jurisprudence flow or Islamic law, schools of philosophy, mysticism or the mysticism and political currents. In this paper, the authors focus on explaining some of the factors that hinder the development of pluralism in Indonesia, which is associated with the concept of the protection of religion, the concept of ‘amar ma‘ruf nahyi munkar, the concept nasakh-mansukh, other threats to diversity is the rise of authoritarianism in the interpretation of religion, lack of enforcement law from law enforcement officials in Indonesia, and the weakness of education and understanding among Muslims toward religion.
KEABSAHAN AKAD JUAL BELI MULTI LEVEL MARKETING DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI HUKUM PERJANJIAN SYARI‘AH (NAZHÂRIYYAT AL-‘UQÛD): The Validity of Multi-Level Marketing Contracts from the Perspective of Naẓariyyat al-‘Uqūd Mirza, Iskandar
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v18i2.663

Abstract

According to the form of legal development (al-tasyrî‘), nazhâriyyat al-‘uqûd is resulted from the transformation process of sources, principles, and bases of Islamic economic values which are derived from the Quran and the Sunna into the pracstical of Islamic business. It is also firstly begun through the analysis and translation on nazhâriyyat al-‘uqûd by the muslim scholars in the book of fiqh. The concept of business transaction (mafhum al-‘uqûd) in Islamic legal contract is based on three theories: First, the theory of property rights (nazhâriyyat al-milkiyyah ‘alâ al-mâl); Second, the theory of business transaction (nazhâriyyat al-‘uqûd); and Third, the theory of property management (nazhâriyyat al-intiqal al-milkiyyah). These are starting point to examine the consept of business transaction (mafhum al-‘uqûd) within Islamic legal contract to dealth with the Islamic practical rule of direct selling.