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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Eksplorasi Bakteri yang Berpotensi sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati Fusarium solani dan Meloidogyne incognita pada Lada Citra Mayang Wardhika; Suryanti Suryanti; Tri Joko
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15608

Abstract

Indonesia is major producer of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), however the pepper production has been decreasing in the last decades. Black pepper yellowings caused by Fusarium solani and Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important disease on pepper causing the decrease of pepper production. This research was aimed at the selection of potential bacteria as a biological control agents of F. solani and M. incognita on black pepper. The bacteria were isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy plant. To determine the ability of biological agents, they were tested against F. solani and M. incognita. Seven isolates fluorescent pseudomonads, 19 isolates of Bacillus spp. and 21 bacterial isolates which were yet to be identified were isolated from soil rhizosphere. The results show that there are 5 antagonist bacterial isolates which were able to inhibit the growth of F. solani but so far no bacteria that caused cell lysis to M. incognita larvae was found.  Indonesia merupakan negara produsen lada yang pada beberapa waktu terakhir ini telah mengalami penurunan produksi. Penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium solani dan Meloidogyne incognita merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya penurunan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menyeleksi bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai pengendali hayati Fusarium solani dan Meloidogyne incognita pada lada. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dari tanah rizosfer pertanaman lada sehat dan selanjutnya untuk mengetahui kemampuan agens hayati dilakukan uji antagonis terhadap F. solani dan M. incognita. Hasil isolasi dari rizosfer pertanaman didapatkan 7 isolat bakteri kelompok Pseudomonad fluoresen, 19 isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. dan 21 isolat bakteri yang belum diidentifikasi lebih lanjut. Hasil uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa ada 5 isolat bakteri yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan F. solani namun belum ditemukan adanya bakteri yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan M. incognita.
Pembuatan Antiserum dan Kajian Serologi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Daun Keriting Kuning Cabai Sri Sulandari; Rusmilah Suseno; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Soemartono Sosromarsono; Jumanto Harjosudarmo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12213

Abstract

Virus identification based on the serological assay has been widely applied as a tool for plant virus detection. The aims of this research is to produce antiserum of the Pepper yellow leaf curl virus by rabbit immunization using purified gcminivirus of Segunung isolate. Identification of the virus was done by using modified I-ELISA and DIBA methods and also by using western blott. I-ELISA and DIBA methods were able to detect the geminivirus in the infected samples. The reactivity of antiserum was found to be similar amontI pepper isolates from different location (Segunung, Yogyakarta, Cugenang, and Lembang) ana those from different hosts (pepper, tobacco, tomato and Ageratum conyzoides) The antiserum could also be used for detection and identification of the Pepper yellow leaf curl virus in its vector. A single insect vector is sufficient for the detection of virus properly. The detection of geminivirus in its vector is very useful because it can be used to study the epidemic of the disease in the field. The I-ELISA and DIBA methods are very useful as tools for detecting the geminivirus. The methods are very easy to be carried out, fastly, and need only a minimum cost on operation. Geminivirus could also be identified by western blott analysis.
Study of The Use Of Maize as Barrier Crop in Chili to Control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Population Yogi Puspo Friarini; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Suputa Suputa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17731

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of maize as barrier crop to prevent the spread of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the yellow virus vector in pepper farming. The research was conducted in the field at Pakem, Sleman, during two cropping seasons from October 2014 to February 2015 as first planting period and in April to August 2015 as second planting period. The escalation of B. tabaci (Gennadius) populations was directly correlated with virus yellow peppers increment. The result indicated that planting barrier was effective in reducing the spread of B. tabaci (Gennadius) in pepper plants. The population of B. tabaci (Gennadius) in plots with pepper surrounded by maize was lower compared to plots without maize barrier, showed that the yellow virus spreads on pepper can be minimized, and hence the incidence of yellow disease was also decreased. INTISARI Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penanaman jagung sebagai pemberian tanaman pembatas (barrier) untuk mengatasi penyebaran Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) yang merupakan vektor virus kuning pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan pertanaman cabai di Pakem, Sleman. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua musim tanam dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2015 pada periode tanam I dan bulan April 2015 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2015 pada periode tanam II. Meningkatnya populasi B. tabaci (Gennadius) berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya virus kuning pada cabai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman tanaman pembatas (barrier) cukup efektif mengurangi penyebaran B. tabaci (Gennadius) pada ke dalam petak tanaman cabai. Populasi B. tabaci (Gennadius) pada petak tanaman cabai yang dikelilingi tanaman jagung lebih rendah jika dibanding dengan petak tanaman cabai yang tidak dikelililing tanaman jagung, sehingga secara tidak langsung penyebaran virus kuning pada cabai dapat diminimalisir.
Paraquat Herbicide in Peat Soil: I. Its Effects on the Dynamics of Microbial Population Sebastian Margino; Erni Martani; Bambang Hendro Sunarminto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12386

Abstract

Paraquat has been used widely and periodically in peat soil. It is stable in acid environments, therefore its application in peat soil which represents an acid environment, might prolong its persistence. Liming treatment has known to reduce peat soil acidity. This research was conducted to study the effect of paraquat and liming treatments on the dynamics of microbial population in peat soil. Unlimed and limed peat soil were treated with paraquat to a final concentration of 20 ppm, and incubated for 2 months. Microbiological analysis, consisting of counting of bacterial, actinomycetes, and fungal population were done weekly. The changes of pH value and paraquat residue were also measured. The results showed that in unlimed peat soil, paraquat treatment did not influence microbial population. However, when paraquat was added into limed peat soil, the number of microbial population decreased; especially the population of bacteria. Liming treatment increased bacterial population and changed the population dynamics of actinomycetes. No significant difference of fungal population in peat soil treated with paraquat and lime. Additionally, there was no significant difference in paraquat resistance between limed and unlimed peat soil.
Kemampuan Isolataktinomisetes Menghasilkan Enzim yang Dapatmerusak Kulit Telur Nematoda Puru-Akar Meloidogyne spp. Bambang Rahayu TP; Donny Widianto; Sebastian Margino; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11762

Abstract

Soil microbes including actinomycetes are known to produce various hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics that can be used as biological controlling agents nematode. Therefore, surveys conducted in several areas in Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java, to search for actinomycetes with chitinolytic, proteolytic, and chitino-proteolytic activity. Isolation of Actinomycetes produced 84 isolates, and most was obtained from shrimp head waste (26 isolates). After the selection based on their ability to hydrolyze chitines and protein in the medium, those whith the highest chitin and protein hydrolysis activity, are consecutive PSJ 27, TL 8, and TL 10 isolates. Test results of crude enzyme produced by selected isolates against root-knot nematode eggshell, showed that the isolates that have chitino-proteolytic activity (TL 10), is a highly effective isolate in damage eggshell. There are three types of damage to the nematode eggs. In the young eggs, crude enzyme preparation causing damage on vitelline and chitin layers. In the older eggs, preparation of crude enzyme cause premature hatching.
Residu Fungisida Tembaga (Cu) pada Pucuk Teh Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (1996)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12881

Abstract

The study was done to know copper residue on tea due to blister blight control by copper fungicides. The experiment was done at Pagilaran Tea Plantation, Batang, Pekalongan. Tea plants were sprayed 8 times, with 8 days interval at the dosages of 0. 75, 150, and 300 g/ha respectively. Shoot sample was taken at 8 and 16 days after spraying. The copper residue war analyzed by Atomic Adsorbtion Spectrophotometer at 324 nm. The result showed that the higher dosage of spraying gives higher copper residue. At the dosage of 300 g/ha was detected 23,52 ppm of copper residue at 8 days after spraying. The residue was reduced to 12,96 ppm at 16 days after spraying. At that dosage the blister blight disease intensity reduced by 59,97%. The detected residue of copper fungicides due to blister blight control is not higher than MRL ( 150 ppm).
Determination of Diazinon Residue Used in Shallot against Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) Isam Eldeen Ibrahim Hassan Abdalla; Edhi Martono; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11880

Abstract

The research was carried out to identify the residue of diazinon in shallot crop which was grown inYogyakarta Special Territory, Bantul Regency (Parangtritis, Samas and Sanden). Questionnaires were also distributed to farmers in the area to find out the background of diazinon application. Samples were taken from these locations and Bantul market, and were analyzed using Thin Layer and Gas Chromatography (TLC and GC) methods. TLC technique detected diazinon residues in all samples except Parangtritis sample from farmers plot with no diazinon spraying. GC results showed that all the samples diazinon residues were well below maximum residue limit (MRL). The least residue level (0.0029 ppm) was detected in one week after harvesting sample from Sanden. The highest residue level (0.0231 ppm) was detected in the harvesting time sample from Parangtritis.
Molecular and Pathotype Identification of Potato Cyst Nematodes Mulyadi Mulyadi; Siwi Indarti; Bambang Rahayu T.P.; B. Triman
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15571

Abstract

In Indonesia, potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in Bumiaji, Kota Batu, East Java by PT Syngenta and was identified as Globodera rostochiensis. Based on the surveillances, G. rostochiensis were also found in Batur, Banjarnegara, and Kejajar, Wonosobo, and Pangalengan, Bandung. In addition, in Batur, Banjarnegara, another species which was identified as G. pallida was found. The aim of this research were to identify the species of PCN using molecular method, pathotype identification, and to study the distributions of PCN especially in Java. The PCN are collected from potato planting areas in Kota Batu, East Java; Wonosobo and Banjarnegara, Central Java; and Pangalengan, Bandung, West Java. PCN were extracted and isolated from soil, and then identified by  morphological and molecular analysis. PCN were found in potato planting areas in Kota Batu, East Java; Wonosobo and Banjarnegara, Central Java; and Pangalengan, West Java. Based on the morphological characters, molecular method, and the differential host test, the PCN identified as G. rostochiensis are amplified an approximately 434 bp with pathotype Ro2. Di Indonesia, nematoda sista kentang (NSK) pertama dilaporkan di Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur oleh PT Syngenta yang diidentifikasi sebagai Globodera rostochiensis. Berdasarkan hasil survei, NSK ditemukan di Batur, Banjarnegara dan Kejajar, Wonosobo, Pangalengan. Spesies G. pallida juga ditemukan Batur, Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies NSK menggunakan metode molekuler, identifikasi patotipe NSK, dan untuk mengetahui penyebaran NSK khususnya di Pulau Jawa. Sampel NSK dikumpulkan dari lahan pertanaman kentang di Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur; Wonosobo dan Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah; serta Pangalengan, Bandung, Jawa Tengah. NSK diekstraksi dan diisolasi dari tanah yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan analisis molekuler. NSK yang terdapat pada lahan pertanaman kentang ditemukan di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur; Wonosobo dan Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah; serta Pangalengan, Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan karakter  morfologi, metode secara molekuler, dan uji kesesuaian inang, NSK yang diperoleh teridentifikasi sebagai G. rostochiensis yang teramplifikasi pada kisaran 434 bp dengan patotipe Ro2. 
Paraquat Toxicity on Root Nodule Formation on Macroptiliuma tropurpureum Urb. and Its Corelation with Population of Rhizobium sp. Erni Martani; Sebastian Margino; Medhina Magdalena
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12119

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the paraquat toxicity toward root nodulation by Rhizobium on Macroptilium atropurpureum as an indicator plant. The legume was grown in Thornton medium treated with several concentrations of paraquat and inoculated with R.japonicum 143 (Rj-143) or Rhizobium sp. C-1.1. These bacteria represent cross-inoculation of soybean and cover-crops legumes, respectively. Nodule formation and Rhizobium population were measured periodically. At the end of planting time, nitrogenase activity of the nodules was analysis based on ARA (Acethylene Reduction Analysis) method. The results showed that nodules in plants inoculated with Rhizobium without addition paraquat, were formed within four weeks. There was no nodulation when paraquat was added. Paraquat was toxic to the plant, causing chlorosis, stunting, drying of the plant tissues, and death. The symptoms were detected at the second week after planting time. Paraquat also decreased Rhizobium population from 10^6 to 10^2 or 10^1 CFU/mL at 40 and 100 pp, respectively. These results depicted that paraquat disturbed the plant before nodulation, and at the same time Rhizobium populatin decreased until below minimal population required for nodulation. Therefore, the process of nodulation was disturbed, and in some treatments there was nodulation. It was concluded that paraquat was toxic to both plant and the Rhizobium, which cause nodulation failure.
Perkembangan Populasi Wereng Hijau dan Predatornya pada Beberapa Varietas Padi Wasis Senoaji; R. Heru Praptana
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17259

Abstract

The population of green leafhopper Nephotettix sp. from seedling until to the end of the vegetative phase needs to be controlled to avoid the incidence of tungro. Integrated pest management based on bioecological management of natural enemies has the potential to sustainable agroecosystems. The purpose of the study was to find out the population dynamics of green leafhopper and various species of predators on several rice varieties. Field study was conducted in a rainy season of 2013 at The Tungro Disease Research Station (Tundres), Lanrang, South Sulawesi. Observational methods were used to study development of the green leafhoppers population and their predators in five rice varieties: Inpari 4, Inpari 7, Inpari 9, IR 64, and TN1. The results showed that the population density of green leafhoppers increased during the vegetative stage and decreased in the generative stage. It was not affected by the resistance of varieties. Generally, the predators population density did not follow their prey. Shannon-Wienner (H’) diversity index of predators showed up to 0.91. It suggested that identifying predator functional traits improve opportunities of the practice of conservation biological control. INTISARIPopulasi wereng hijau Nephotettix sp. sejak persemaian hingga akhir fase vegetatif perlu dipantau dan dikendalikan untuk menghindari dan menekan insidensi tungro. Pengendalian hama terpadu yang berbasis bioekologi dengan menekan penggunaan pestisida, kesesuaian varietas dan pengelolaan musuh alami mempunyai potensi dalam membangun agroekosistem yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola perkembangan populasi wereng hijau dan berbagai jenis predatornya pada beberapa varietas padi sehingga menjadi informasi penting dalam penentuan jenis dan proporsi varietas, pemantauan kepadatan populasi wereng hijau dalam kaitannya dengan insidensi tungro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Loka Penelitian Penyakit Tungro, Lanrang, Sulawesi Selatan pada musim hujan 2013, dengan mengunakan metode observasi untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan perkembangan populasi wereng hijau dan predatornya pada lima varietas padi yang berbeda umur (kegenjahan) dan ketahanannya terhadap wereng hijau, yaitu Inpari 4, Inpari 7, Inpari 9, IR 64, TN1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola populasi wereng hijau meningkat selama fase vegetatif (tiga hingga enam MST) dan menurun pada fase generatif (tujuh hingga delapan MST). Tingkat kepadatan populasi wereng hijau tidak dipengaruhi oleh ketahanan varietas. Secara umum, pola fluktuasi kepadatan populasi predator tidak mengikuti pola fluktuasi kepadatan populasi wereng hijau di setiap varietas. Berdasarkan nilai indeks Shannon-wiener, keragaman predator berada diatas nilai indek 0,91 menunjukkan peluang konservasi musuh alami dalam pengendalian biologis dengan memfokuskan identifikasi tanggap fungsional predator terhadap hama sasaran. 

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