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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
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Articles 40 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)" : 40 Documents clear
New Report of Endophytic Sordariomycetes from the Seagrasses of Cebu, Central Philippines: Endophytic Sordariomycetes from Philippine seagrasses Kinamot, Venus Bantoto; Monotilla, Alvin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.14

Abstract

Sordariomycete is one of the dominant components of the endophytic community in seagrasses. However, there are still many species under this group that still need to be described. Among the tropical seagrasses, the Philippines had the least number of endophytic Sordariomycete reported. This study reports the isolation of endophytic Sordariomycete from Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea serrulata, and Thalassia hemprichii. Seagrass samples were collected from the coastal areas of Hilutungan Channel, Cebu, Central Philippines using a sterilized razor. Explants from seagrass samples were surface-sterilized, inoculated in culture plates, and incubated for 14 days at 27±2°C. Fungi that grew from the edge of explants were purified and identified through morphological and molecular methods using ITS sequences. Molecular phylogeny was inferred by neighbor-joining with 1000 bootstrap replications. Three species of Sordariomycete were identified in this study. Fungal isolates from the rhizomes and roots of Cymodocea serrulata had 99.84% nucleotide similarity with Eutypella sp. Isolates from the rhizomes and roots of Enhalus acoroides had a 100% match identity with Beauveria bassiana. While the isolate from the leaf of Thalassia hemprichii had a 99% nucleotide affinity to Xylaria apoda. These isolates formed a well-supported clade with their closest match taxa at 100% bootstrap support. The estimate of evolutionary divergence between the isolates’ sequences and their reference taxa was 0.0, suggesting no nucleotide base substitutions per site. The identification of seagrass isolates as Eutypella sp., Beauveria bassiana, and Xylaria apoda is hereby supported. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that endophytic fungi from the Philippine seagrass did not cluster with any fungal species previously reported from the Philippines, suggesting different species. To our knowledge, Eutypella sp., Beauveria bassiana, and Xylaria apoda were the first reports of endophytic Sordariomycete in Philippine seagrasses. The isolation of these endophytes is promising because these genera are a rich source of novel compounds and biocontrol agents.
Variation of Fruit Color in Cakra Hijau, G1/M8 and HV-149 Chilli Pepper Cultivar: Physiology and Molecular Approach: Variation of Fruit Color in Cakra Hijau, G1/M8 and HV-149 Cultivar Arumingtyas, Estri Laras; Zakiyah, 'Ainun Sayyidah; Monica, Rosina; Siswanto, Dian
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.13

Abstract

The fruit color of chili pepper is an important characteristic in identification and classification and is often used as the basis for determining consumer preferences. Information on the relationship between chili fruit color and its molecular profile is very important in supporting selection activities in plant breeding. This study aims to identify genetic diversity associated with the fruit color of three genotypes of chili (Capsicum frutescens L.): Cakra Hijau, HV-149 and G1/M8, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR). Morphological confirmation was carried out according to Capsicum descriptors. Nineteen RAPD markers and six SSR markers were used for genetic variability assessment. Genetic variation was analyzed using the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic mean and the Jaccard similarity index. The three chili genotypes had different fruit colors at each maturation stage. The immature Cakra Hijau fruit is dark green and turns dark red as it ripens. The immature fruits of the G1/M8 line are light green and turn red when ripe. Finally, immature HV-149 fruits are dark green and yellow when ripe. The SSR markers used in this study were unable to show polymorphism. On the other hand, the RAPD marker successfully detected genetic variation in the three chili genotypes and resulted in a total of 49 alleles. The average value of polymorphic information content of the RAPD primers used ranged from 0 to 0.296, with the highest index indicated by OPA-1. The dendrogram shows the separation of the three genotypes into two main clusters, with the first cluster consisting of the HV-149 variety and the second cluster consisting of Cakra Hijau and G1/M8 lines. This study revealed that there are genetic variations based on the morphological characteristics of fruit color at each ripening stage and RAPD band profile. The RAPD marker was more effective than the SSR marker for identifying the genetic diversity of fruit color in the three chilies studied.
Assessment of Riparian Ecosystem Health in the Tamiang River, Aceh, Indonesia as Remains Habitat of Batagur borneoensis (Schlegel & Muller, 1844): Riparian Habitat Quality for Tuntong Laut (Batagur borneoensis) Saputra, Syifa; Arisoesilaningsih, Endang; Kurniawan , Nia; Retnaningdyah, Catur
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.10

Abstract

The riparian zone along the Tamiang River, Aceh Province, is an important habitat for the survival of the tuntong laut (Batagur borneoensis) which is already threatened with extinction. This study aims to evaluate the quality and role of the riparian zone as a habitat for B. borneoensis along the Tamiang River, which can then be used as a reference in conservation. Riparian habitat quality was assessed by calculating the Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera (QBR) index, which was determined based on the total riparian cover, cover structure, cover quality, and channel alteration. In addition, observations of water quality (salinity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO)) and the number of riparian vegetation species were also carried out. Monitoring was carried out at five stations: Iyu River, Kampung Baru, Batang Lawang, Pusong Kapal Dermaga, and Pusong Kapal. The results showed variations in water quality between locations with DO and turbidity levels exceeding the quality standards set by the government. The richness of the types of riparian vegetation found ranged from 0-8 species (seedlings), 2-7 species (saplings), and 1-4 species (poles). The quality of riparian habitats in all study locations experienced significant degradation, including the euhemerobic and polyhemerobic (Hemeroby) categories, Cultural assisted system and Semi-transformed system (Naturalness), and Extreme degradation to poor-fair quality (QBR). The presence of B. borneoensis in the research location can adapt to the poor quality of riparian habitat. However, the density decreases significantly at higher salinity.
Characterization of β-glucosidases from Meridianimaribacter sp. CL38: Characterization of β-glucosidases from Meridianimaribacter sp. CL38 Hong , Clarine Wan Ling; Chen, Sye Jinn; Liew, Kok Jun; Lam, Ming Quan; Zakaria, Muhammad Ramziuddin; Chong, Kheng Loong; Chong, Chun Shiong
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.09

Abstract

The production of second-generation biofuel requires a huge amount of freshwater. It is estimated that at least three gal of freshwater is used to produce one gal of biofuel. The replacement of freshwater with seawater serves as a potential alternative in biofuel generation. Therefore, salt-tolerant enzymes play an important role in saccharification and fermentation process. Halophilic β-glucosidase is one of the key enzymes for the process. In this study, the β-glucosidase of halophile Meridianimaribacter sp. CL38 isolated from mangrove soil was characterized. Strain CL38 achieved maximum production of β-glucosidase at 12th hour of growth. The β-glucosidase showed highest activity at 2% (w/v) NaCl while highly stable at salt concentration ranging from 1-2% (w/v) (more than 96% of relative activity). Its β-glucosidase activity remained active in the presence of 5mM Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ions, and 1% (v/v) Tween-20 and Tween-80. The draft genome sequence of strain CL38 was retrieved from GenBank database and submitted to dbCAN meta server for CAZymes annotation. Strain CL38 harbors 44 GHs and GH3 are annotated as β-glucosidases. The β-glucosidases of Meridianimaribacter flavus (99.61%) and Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris (97.44%) showed the closest identity with Bgl3a and Bgl3b protein sequences from strain CL38, respectively. Glycoside hydrolase family 3 domain was identified in both enzymes via InterPro scan server. The presence of signal peptides indicated that both enzymes were secreted extracellularly. Five motifs were identified in Bgl3a and Bgl3b, with the active site (nucleophile) found at Asp296 and Asp297, respectively. Collectively, these β-glucosidases could be potentially used in the biofuel production, in particular the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment process. This is the first attempt to characterize the β-glucosidase in genus Meridianimaribacter as so far none of the lignocellulolytic enzymes from this genus were characterized.
Effects of Different Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Soil on Morphological and Biochemical Properties of Ipomea aquatica: Zinc and Copper Effects on Ipomoea aquatica Abd Manan, Fazilah; Ridzuan, Raihana; Henisi, Jessica; Prabakaran, Ashwini Nair
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.15

Abstract

Zinc and copper pollution in agricultural lands due to anthropogenic activities has become a major environmental problem. While these metals are essential for plant growth, their excessive presence can lead to plant toxicity. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of zinc and copper (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) in soil on the morphological and biochemical properties of I. aquatica, commonly known as water spinach. The morphological properties, including plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter, were assessed, along with soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Biochemical properties, specifically the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in plant tissues, were measured using colorimetric assays. The results revealed significant morphological changes in plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves at 200 ppm zinc treatment compared to the control. Additionally, the number of leaves significantly increased at the 100 ppm copper treatment, while the stem diameter decreased significantly at 300 ppm. Both zinc and copper treatments slightly reduced soil pH and increased soil EC. At the 300 ppm treatment, substantial changes in phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in the stems and leaves of I. aquatica. Copper treatment at 200 ppm increased the TPC of leaves, while 100 ppm copper treatment increased the TFC of stems. Furthermore, the 300 ppm zinc treatment significantly increased the TPC and TFC in stems and leaves. These findings indicate that zinc and copper concentrations have notable effects on the morphological and biochemical properties of I. aquatica. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain an appropriate balance of these metal elements to cultivate plants that are morphologically and physiologically resilient.
Amylase activity in various digestive organs and blood urea levels of Osphronemus gouramy with Chlorella vulgaris feed supplementation and reared in different system : Amylase activities and blood urea levels of Osphronemus gouramy Simanjuntak, Sorta Basar Ida; Wijayanti, Gratiana Ekaningsih; Zuwanda, Maditaningtyas Hawwa; Winarni, Elly Tuti
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.12

Abstract

Osphronemus gouramy is a potential Indonesian fish that needs to be supported by good nutritional feed and water quality in a culture system. The research on the effect of combining Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) supplementation with culture systems of biofloc and non-biofloc in gourami fish on amylase activity and blood urea level has not been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of C. vulgaris supplementation with different culture systems on the amylase activity of various digestive organs and blood urea levels. It obtains the best C. vulgaris supplementation feed combination to increase the amylase activity of various digestive organs and reduce blood urea levels. This research was carried out experimentally with a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of two factors. Furthermore, gourami was fed with C. vulgaris levels of 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g kg-1 for 28 days and divided into biofloc and non-biofloc groups of culture systems. The amylase activity was measured at three pH buffers, and blood urea levels were analyzed using a urea kit. The results showed that amylase activity increased when supplemented with C. vulgaris 5 g kg-1 feed using the biofloc system, while blood urea levels decreased. C. vulgaris supplementation and biofloc system are alternative solutions to improving nutrition and water quality.
Effect of Black Rice Bran ‘Sembada Hitam’ on T47D Breast Cancer Cells: Effect of Black rice bran on T47D Cios Conara , Flafiani; Oktavya, Galuh; Asih Purwestri, Yekti; Nuriliani, Ardaning
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.17

Abstract

Indonesians have a rich tradition of incorporating black rice into their diet as a functional food due to its high antioxidant content. This research investigates the effects of the ethanolic extract of "Sembada Hitam" black rice bran on T47D breast cancer cells, specifically its cytotoxic, cell growth, and apoptotic induction properties. The MTT assay method was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the black rice bran extract on T47D cells after 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) dye double staining method was employed to assess the apoptosis-inducing properties of the extract. Additionally, a cell growth assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of the extract on cell growth, with observations recorded on days 0, 3, and 6. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of black rice bran "Sembada Hitam," when administered at various concentrations ranging from 7.81 to 1000 µg/mL, did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on T47D cells during the 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The cell growth assay revealed that T47D cells treated with the ethanolic extract of "Sembada Hitam" black rice bran at concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/mL exhibited lower growth rates than the 1% DMSO group from the 3rd to 6th day after incubation. The ethanolic extract of "Sembada Hitam" at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL resulted in cell death of 10.64 ± 2.98%, 9.99 ± 5.87%, and 5.84 ± 0.78%, respectively. In conclusion, this study found that the ethanolic extract of "Sembada Hitam" black rice bran did not demonstrate significant cytotoxic effects on T47D breast cancer cells and is, therefore, unlikely to be a suitable candidate for an anti-cancer agent.
Competition Assessment on Various Intercropping Patterns of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L): Competition Assessment on Various Intercropping Patterns of Bitter Melon and Tomato Blessya, Christabel Putik; Karyawati, Anna Satyana
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.18

Abstract

Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in close proximity. Intercropping is useful for obtaining land efficiency, nutrient efficiency, and increasing biodiversity, which is in line with controlling plant-disturbing organisms. Intercropping can also be done in the rice fields, and it is hoped that the optimization of the use of the rice fields will have a good impact on rice and other crops. The adverse effect that is feared to arise due to the intercropping method is the contamination of substances through horizontal transfer of substances between plants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of competition on bitter melon and tomato intercropping. The study started from January to May 2022 in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency. The research stages include planting and maintaining commodities, observing growth, and organoleptic testing. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which was arranged in a non-factorial. The total treatment was 5 treatments which were repeated 4 times. The results of the research on the competitiveness of tomatoes were superior to bitter melon in a 2-line and 3-row intercropping system. From an economic point of view, intercropping in a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio is feasible because it has an R/C Ratio of more than 1. Bitter melon and tomatoes grown in polyculture with a 3-row alternate cropping pattern in a 1:2 ratio of tomatoes and bitter melon are feasible because has an R/C Ratio of 3.57 and has a more stable price for bitter melon.
Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Sugarcane Waste (Bagasse) and Optimization of Cellulase Activity as Animal Feed: Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Sugarcane Waste (Bagasse) Ramadhani, Sulistya Ika; Ardyati, Tri; Sjofjan, Osfar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.19

Abstract

The Sugar Factory of Tjoekir Jombang is one of the sugar factories located in Jombang, East Java under PT Perkebunan Nusantara X. Sugarcane waste, also known as bagasse causes pollution of the environment. Some microorganisms are able to degrade cellulose-containing bagasse, because of cellulolytic enzymes produced by cellulolytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain cellulolytic bacteria isolates, screen the highest cellulolytic activity, identify the highest cellulolytic activity isolates, and optimize conditions (pH and temperature) for the highest cellulase activity. Cellulolytic bacteria from bagasse were grown on a medium containing 1% CMC. Several additional minerals were other than those in the CMC medium. The cellulase activity was assayed semi-quantitatively with the addition of 0.1% Congo red and quantitatively using the 3,5-Dinitro Salicylic Acid (DNS) method. Bacterial isolates with high cellulolytic activity were identified based on the 16S rDNA sequence. This research obtained 20 bacterial isolates, where isolate A1T4 had the highest cellulolytic index of 1.18 mm. Measurement of cellulase activity using the DNS method showed that isolate A2T2 had the highest cellulase activity of 2.19 U/mL. Hemolysis assay showed that from 12 isolates, only two isolates have γ-hemolysis activity (isolates A1T6 and A3T3). Those isolates were optimized in a CMC broth medium with temperatures of 30°C and 37°C and pH 5 and pH 6 to produce the highest cellulase activity. Isolate A1T6 and A3T3 were grown optimally at 30oC and pH 6. Isolate A1T6 was identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus with a similarity of 99.80%, and isolate A3T3 was identified as Pseudomonas mendocina with a similarity of 98.83%.
A Review on Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of Cleome rutidosperma DC: A review on Cleome rutidosperma Nguyen, Trang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.20

Abstract

Cleome rutidosperma DC., a species of flowering plant in the Cleomaceae family, is commonly known as "fringed spider flower" or "purple cleome". It is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. The plant species is widely utilized in folk medicinal practices. According to traditional medicinal reports, the plant has been used to alleviate pain, spasms, and skin diseases, as well as to reduce symptoms of deafness, earaches, and convulsions. This study aims to consolidate the available information on traditional medicine, botanical aspects, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of C. rutidosperma. Published articles on this species since 2000 were comprehensively analyzed. Databases, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, were employed. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that C. rutidosperma possesses various bioactivities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Multiple phytochemicals have been identified in the plant. These phytoconstituents could contribute to the high antioxidant properties and multiple bioactivities of C. rutidosperma that hold great potential for human health

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