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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Proteinuria Severity in Lupus Nephritis is Associated with Anti-dsDNA Level and Immune Complex Deposit Location in Kidney Katherina Engli; Kusworini Handono; Mudjiwijono Handaru Eko; Hani Susianti; Atma Gunawan; Handono Kalim
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.03.03

Abstract

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), with proteinuria being one of the clinical manifestations. The proteinuria pathogenesis is associated with anti-dsDNA antibody and the location of immune complex deposits within the kidney. This study aims to investigate the correlation of the severity of proteinuria with the location of immune complex deposits and the level of anti-dsDNA antibody in LN. Data were collected in cross-section. Fifty-three patients with LN in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, who underwent renal biopsy, were included. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence analysis were used to assign subjects to different histopathological classes and determine the immune complex deposits. The spot urine samples were evaluated using the dipstick method for semi-quantitative proteinuria. The anti-dsDNA antibody levels were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Turbidity and enzymatic tests were conducted to elucidate urine protein and creatinine content, respectively. The level of proteinuria is significantly different among the different locations of immune complex based on the dipstick and protein/creatinine methods (p = 0.021 and p = 0.005, respectively). There was a significant correlation between anti-dsDNA antibody level and the severity of proteinuria (r = 0.326 based on dipstick and r = 0.28 based on protein/creatinine method). Thus, proteinuria in LN is determined by anti-dsDNA level and the location of immune complex deposits in the kidney.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Nested PCR for Diagnosing Malaria: Cases in Several Areas of Indonesia Samsul Arifin; Loeki Enggar Fitri; Hidayat Sujuti; Bagus Hermansyah; Agustina Tri Endharti; Niniek Burhan; Didi Candradikusuma; Erma Sulistyaningsih; Josef Sem Berth Tuda; Umar Zein
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.11

Abstract

Indonesia is still included in high endemic area of malaria infection. Early detection as well as appropriate and quick treatment is needed to be able to prevent and treat malaria in Indonesia. Laboratory examination using a microscopic method is still used as the gold standard to diagnose malaria cases. However, the morphology similarity of some Plasmodium species and the number of parasites that can be seen under microscopy causes malaria diagnosis become difficult if only relying on microscopy diagnostic method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR compared to microscopic examination in diagnosing malaria cases. A cross-sectional study has been carried out in some areas of Indonesia and the microscopic analysis as well as nest PCR was done in Laboratory of Parasitology and Laboratory of Central Biomedical Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang East Java Indonesia. A total of 149 blood samples from patients with clinical symptoms of malaria had been obtained from Sumatra, Sulawesi and East Java during December 2011 to December 2013. From 149 sample, 81.9% samples were diagnosed malaria positive by microscopy examination, whereas the PCR results showed that 90.6% of samples were positive. Nested PCR sensitivity is 97.5%, and microscopy 88.2%. Nested PCR specificity is 40.7%, whereas microscopy 78.5%. PPV and NPV for nested PCR are 88,2% and 78.5% respectively, and for microscopy are 97.5% and 40.7% respectively. Nested PCR has a higher sensitivity than microscopy in diagnosing malaria and is able to detect mixed infection better than microscopic examination. However, it is statistically less specific than microscopy examination.
α-SMA Expression Increased Over Cell Passages and Decreased by Exogenous TGF-β1, In Vitro Studies on Myofibroblast Derived from Orbital Socket Contracture Debby Shintiya Dewi; Elsa Safira Chairinnisa; Hidayat Sujuti; Diana Lirawati; Tinny Endang Hernowati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.15

Abstract

α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast, induces cytoskeleton reorganization, increases contractility and stimulates cell migration in TGF-β1 induced stress fibers. The aims of the present study were to determine the level of α-SMA expression and morphological cell changes in different passages of myofi-broblasts with varied TGF-β1 concentrations. Myofibroblast cell cultures were derived from fibrotic tissues of fourth degree socket contracture. The α-SMA expression level was measured in myofibroblast cultures pas-sage I, II, and III with and without 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, and in passage III with 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 ng/mL TGF-β1. Results: The levels of α-SMA expression level in passage I to III were I 31.42 ± 3.4; 40.34 ± 8.14 and 56.37 ± 7.57, respectively. Addition of 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 into passage I-III myofibroblast cultures resulted in α-SMA expression level of 31.24 ± 2.93; 36.81 ± 6.09; and 14.29 ± 2.72, respectively. Myoblasts passage III showed the lowest α-SMA expression level following exposure to TGF-β1 10 ng/mL (22.37 ± 12.86) and highest without TGF-β1 (48.34 ± 13.36), however no morphological changes detected. α-SMA expression level increased with cell passages, decreases with addition of TGF-β1 while not affecting morphology of myofibroblast derived from the orbital socket contracture.
Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Puspa (Schima wallichii) Leaves Extract from Indonesia Galuh Widiyarti; Supiani Supiani; Yova Tiara
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.08

Abstract

Antioxidant and toxicity of Puspa (Schima wallichii) were studied. The plant extracts were prepared for bio-logical screening. Antioxidant activity of extracts was analysed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as stable free radical, while toxicity of extracts was analysed by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The result showed that ethyl acetate, methanol and butanol extracts were very active as antioxidant, as indicated by IC50 value of 11.44, 17.97 and 12.55 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition, respectively. Whilst n-hexane extract was not active as antioxidant indicated by IC50 value of 257.91 µg/mL, but aquadest extract was less active as antioxi-dant indicated by IC50 value of 171.94 µg/mL. The toxicity test result showed that all extracts were active against Artemia salina Leach with LC50 value of 107.35 – 902 µg/mL. Furthermore, isolation of individual bio-active compound of ethyl acetate extract that most active as antioxidant was carried out using column chroma-tography followed by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The active isolate was then identified using TLC, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS).. The identification result showed that the major compound contained a putative compound known as theanine with MS 174.26 g/mol. The isolate was very active as antioxidant with IC50 value of 48.04 µg/mL, although it was less active than the extract. The isolate was also toxic with LC50 value of 27.71 µg/mL so that puspa leaf potentially to be developed as a natural antioxidant and anticancer agent for preventing of human diseases.
Exotic Epiphytes on Tree Ferns in Cibodas Botanical Gardens: The Importance of Light Preferences and Host Characteristics Decky Indrawan Junaedi; Taufikurrahman Nasution
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.03.06

Abstract

The study of exotic epiphytes on tree ferns is relatively scarce. Biological invasion of exotic epiphytes may imply negative consequences to native epiphytes and tree ferns, which are important components in tropical mountainous rainforest ecosystems. This study surveyed exotic epiphytes on tree ferns in Cibodas Botanical Gardens (CBG) and adjacent forests next to CBG. The objectives of this study are: a) to conduct inventory study of exotic epiphyte species on tree ferns, b) to examine how different these exotic epiphytes from each other based on their micro-climate preferences, c) to conduct invasive risk assessment of those exotic epiphytes, and d) to model the effect of environmental factors and host (tree ferns) characteristics to the occurrence of exotic epiphytes on tree ferns. We conducted multi-dimensional analysis to examine how different these exotic epiphytes based on their micro-climate parameters. We used Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) framework to estimate the invasion risks of surveyed exotic epiphytes. We performed Bayesian logistic regression to test the correlation between environmental and host characteristics and the occurrence probability of exotics epiphytes on tree ferns. We found 13 exotic epiphyte species on two native tree ferns species (Cyathea junghuhniana and Cyathea contaminans). Multidimensional analysis showed that Axonopus compressus is very different from other exotic epiphytes due to its environmental preferences. Ageratina riparia and Clidemia hirta were exotic epiphytes with the highest invasion risks. Therefore, we suggested that A. riparia and C. hirta are more likely to become invasive and may contribute significant impacts to native ecosystems. Lastly, the presence of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium as exotic epiphytes in tree ferns negatively correlated with the host height. Further study is needed to incorporate biological traits of the exotic epiphytes and more specific environmental parameters such as light chromatic quality in to the exotic epiphyte occurrence model. This study provides evidence for the existences of exotic epiphytes on tree ferns. The result of this study may also indicate that host characteristics and micro-climate factors could play important roles to inhibit the occurrence of exotic epiphytes on tree ferns.
Linking Zoopharmacognocy with Ethnomedication, An Evidence Base from Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Indonesia Adventus Panda; Yohanes Edy Gunawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.03.15

Abstract

The ability of animal to perform self-medication has been studied decades, as well as their relationship with medication practices by communities. Long-term observation of Orangutans' behaviour (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), by communities surround Sebangau National Park, has suggested as their modes to today ethno-medication practice. The study was aimed to study the relationship of Orangutans self-medicate behavior with ethno-medication practice, in Sebangau area. The research was conducted in Punggualas, SNP, from 29 April to 03 October 2017. A number of 13 traditional healers (TH) from Karuing (n = 4), Baun Bango (n = 4), and Jahanjang (n = 5) have been interviewed. All plants are listed and photograph. Plants parts, and their mechanism of utilization were also kept for record. Meanwhile, the behavior followed the Orangutan protocol, with focus on their feeding behavior. All data were analyzed descriptively, while the relationship was analyzed using chi-square and F test. We have recorded a total 131 plants at various life forms, in Baun Bango (n = 59), Jahanjang (n = 41), and Karuing (n = 21). Plants that were found similar among three villages, removed, were only 95 left. We observed one female, showing the ability to perform self-mediaction. It is characterized by selectively choosing young leaves of Mezzetia sp., pulp of the Dyera lowii and Ilex cymosa, and lastly chew the entire leaves of Belang Handipek. It suggests a form of prevention against fatigue conditions, and the combination of these three plants species assume to be relating to fitness. This study shows that there is a relationship between the plant part used by the traditional healer and the orang- utan (x2 = 43,887; n = 115, df = 11, p-value = 0.0000), the relationship between the use of plant parts utilized by the traditional healer and orangutans (x2 = 15, 647; n = 50, df = 8, p-value = 0.0000). Furthermore, there is a relationship between the practice of traditional healer treatment using plant parts and Orang-utan (F1, 113 = 230.158; p-value = 0,000). The study urges to isolate secondary metabolites for further investigation, especially in terms of phyto-pharmacy.
Assessment of Riparian Vegetation Pattern along Alista Hilly River Basin Rita Parmawati; Lutvita Erya Rokani; Arham Yakub; Arief Kurnia Riarmanto; Maya Pertiwi; Herman Hidayat; Agung Sih Kurnianto
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.03.05

Abstract

Riparians are undergoing extensive reductions and changes in their natural composition into agricultural and urban area. The relationship between the vegetation distribution pattern and the riparian topography factor has been assumed to typically represent a biome-specific or vegetation-specific constant. This study aim is to analyze the vegetation distribution pattern with topography along Alista river in Dau District, Malang. We surveyed 3 stations that represent a zone of edge gradient between the river and the mainland: levee, mid-flood, and slough. We used the wetland classification (Obligate - OBL; Facultative Wetland-FACW; Facultative Upland (FACU); and Upland (UPL) for each species found from various sources. we observed that facultative upland plants have a broad dominance. Mid-floodplain and slough dominated by typical upland species. Although Levee widely consisted of by upland plants, this area has one distinctive obligate species: Equisetum. The presence of OBL species in the levee and mid-floodplain indicate the area is receiving more frequent floods than other areas.
Looking on Indigo Flycatcher (Eumyas indigo) Hunting Behaviour: Time, Ecology, and Habitat Preference Agung Sih Kurnianto; Arief Sugiharto; Nia Kurniawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.01.07

Abstract

Hunting is the main support of life for the insectivores bird of the world. Through an understanding of Indigo Flycatcher behavior character, we compiled new information for the daily behavior of Indigo Flycatcher and Muscicapidae family in general. The study was conducted at 3 periods to interpret the effect of different seasons conditions: the first period (rainy season, 1 – 30 January 2015), the second period (dry season, 1-30 June 2015), the third period (transition season, 1 – 30 November 2015). The research station covers 3 research points (A=edge of the forest, b = garbage dump, c = dense forest. A canonical correspondence (CCA) was used to understand the significance of the interaction between the abiotic factors and season. Based on the observations, the transition of the season became the most preferred moment for Indigo Flycatcher. Indigo flycatcher hunts in a group, both singular and mixed. Point B is the most common location of Indigo Flycatcher hunting activity.
Ambon Banana-Tree Sap stimulated Endothelial Cell Migration in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Induced with Inflammatory Mediator IL-1 Provisia Marthalita Yuning Wulan; Maria Juliana Dorothy; Resha Alinda; Kristianingrum Dian Sofiana; Bunga Prihardina; Nur Permaasari; M. Aris Widodo
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Ambon banana-tree (Musa paradisiaca var.sapientum) sap (ABT sap) contains active substances that can stimulate the wound healing process such as: flavonoid, saponin, ascorbic acid. Those substances are needed in an important phase of wound healing called angiogenesis through activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) pathway that stimulates actin reorganization in endothelial cell migration and proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of banana-tree sap in stimulating cells migration, VEGF and nitric oxide (NO) level in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) culture that induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 (Interleukin-1). The ABT sap was obtained by pressing a fresh Ambon banana stem, then was mixed with culture medium into 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% concentration. The ABT sap then was used for treating HUVECs cell that induced by IL-1 200 ng/mL for 48-hours. The result of this study shows that Ambon banana-tree sap increased HUVECs cell migration. However, after 48-hours treatment with ABT sap showed no difference in the VEGF and NO level in the culture media. These results suggested ABT sap able to increase migration to HUVECs that promising for wound healing agent. Therefore, the further research to elucidate the detailed mechanism and identify the active compound warrant to be done.
Evaluation of sST-2 Role in LVH Regression Obtained in Hypertensive Mice Models After Blocking Renin-Angiotensin System Lilik Yusetyani; Siti Rofida; Dian Yuliartha Lestari; Wawan Kurniawan; Nursela Hijriani; Ilham Niawan Saputra; Setyawati Soeharto; Mohammad Saifur Rahman
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Soluble ST2, is a protein which acts as a decoy receptor for interleukin-33, and served as biomarker associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).  Few data exist in evaluating the effects of anti-hypertensive agents on the role-played form ST2 on regression of LVH. This study was designed to compare the effects of captopril and valsartan on blood pressures, plasma renin and soluble ST2 levels and regression of LVH in hypertensive mice models. Twenty-four male mice (Mus musculus L), were divided into four groups, namely aquadest/control, L-NAME, L-NAME + captopril and L-NAME + valsartan groups respectively. Mice blood pressures were measured on day 14th after induction with L-NAME extract 1.75 mg/25 g BW/day (pretreatment) and day 14th post treatment. Levels of plasma renin, sST2, and ventricular wall thicknesses reflecting LVHs, were measured on day 14th post treatment. Administration of L-NAME within 14 days resulted in making mice models to be hypertensive paralleled by an increase of Ventricular wall thickness. Treatment with captopril and valsartan lowered the blood pressures to normal level within the next 14 days. Valsartan and captopril treatment induced a significant decrease of plasma renin level. Valsartan, but not for captopril treatment prevented wall thickness increase (p < 0.05), while plasma sST2 was not able to mirroring this effect. Captopril and valsartan had similar effect in lowering plasma renin level and   blood pressure, but sST2 seems to be not involved in LVH regression obtained in hypertensive mice models after blocking renin-angiotensin system.

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