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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Soil Arthropod Diversity and Composition Inhabited Various Habitats in Universitas Brawijaya Forest in Malang East Java Indonesia Amin Setyo Leksono; Ninda Merisa Putri; Zulfaidah Penata Gama; Bagyo Yanuwiyadi; Anisa Zairina
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

A study on soil arthropod abundance, diversity and composition have been done on November 2016 to March 2017 using pitfall traps. The objective of this study is to analyze variations of the soil arthropod abundance, diversity and composition among different habitats in a university forest.  The study was carried out in Universitas Brawijaya Forest (UBF) Malang, East Java (7°49'S, 112°34'E, 1,200 m in altitude), consisted of four locations: an agroforestry (AF), a gallery forest (GF), the pine stands (PS) and a settlement yard (SY). At each site, a total of 10 traps (5 by 2 rows) were placed systematically at 4-m intervals. Glass cups (10 cm in diameter and 7 cm deep) were buried in the ground during 24 hours. There were 2286 individuals of arthropod collected from all sampling locations. Overall the samples collected consist of 41 families of arthropods. The abundance (mean ± SE) of soil arthropod was highest in PS and the lowest in SY. Statistically, variations in abundance among locations were significant (F = 7.39, p < 0.01). The taxa richness of arthropod was highest in GF and the lowest in SY. Statistically, variations in taxa richness among locations were significant (F = 4.26, p < 0.05).  The diversity was the highest in the GF (1.9 ± 0.1) lowest in the SY (0.74 ± 0.1). Statistically, variations in diversity among study sites were significant (F = 26.73, p < 0.001). In general, scavenger dominated the composition of soil arthropods. The highest proportion of scavenger abundance present in SY was 84.9%, while the lowest in the GF was 29.3%. The highest litter transformer composition in GF was 33.9%, and the lowest in SY was 8%. The highest decomposer in PS was 26.9% and the lowest in AF was 12.9%. The highest predator in AF was 20.7% and the lowest in SY was 1%. Compositions of soil arthropod were affected by environmental factors such as soil temperature and light intensity.
The Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from the Traditional Medicinal Plants Leaves that Have Anti-Phytopathogens Activity Syukria Ikhsan Zam; Anthoni Agustien; Syamsuardi Syamsuardi; Akmal Djamaan; Irfan Mustafa
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.8

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria live in plant tissues which utilized in plant protection against phytopathogens. This study aims to investigate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of traditional medicinal plants that has anti-phytopathogens properties. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done by spread plate method. The bacteria were characterised by Gram staining and the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Further screening of anti-phytopathogen activity used disc diffusion method for Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. All togethers, sixteen isolates of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of eight medicinal plants species were obtained. Fourteen isolates had an anti-phytopathogen (with eight isolates against R. solanacearum, seven isolates against X. campestris, nine isolates against F. oxysporum, and five isolates against S. rolfsii). From the 14 isolates identified, phylum Firmicutes were dominant (64.3%), followed by Proteobacteria (28.6%), and Actinobacteria (7.1%). Phylum Firmicutes consists of Bacillus indicus (BJF1, TCF1, and MCF2), Bacillus pumilus (CAF4), Bacillus sp. (CAF1), Bacillus subtilis (AAF2, MCF1, CAF3, and MCF3); phylum Proteobacteria consists of Pantoea agglomerans (CAF2), Pantoea stewartii (AAF4), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (AAF3), and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans (AAF1); and phylum Actinobacteria consists of Kocuria kristinae (CSF1).
Ovitrap Index and Transovarial Transmission Rate of Dengue Virus of Male and Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Isnadiyah Juhdi; Loeki Enggar Fitri; Lilik Zuhriyah; Andi Arahmadani Arasy
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.13

Abstract

The incidence rate (IR) of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia has increased in recent years and still causes a health problem. Makassar, as one of the big cities in Indonesia, is also experiencing of DHF cases. According to the Health Office of Makassar City, DHF cases during 2014 – 2016 has increased from 139 to 250 cases. The defense mechanism of dengue virus in transovarial transmission from female mosquitoes to eggs is estimated to be one of the factors that increase the rate of DHF. In addition, the circulation of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can also affect the increase of the rate. This study aims are to identify ovitrap index and to find out how much the vertical transmission of dengue virus by measuring the minimum infection rate (MIR) and the distribution of four dengue virus serotype in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi, as well as their association with the incidence rate (IR) in the area. This observational research uses ecological study with cross-sectional approach. The samples of the study are male and female mosquitoes from Ae.aegypti eggs obtained from the installation of ovitrap  in 30 urban villages in Makassar. Dengue virus identification was performed using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results showed that the ovitrap index (IO) was in the range of 0 - 66.7%. The average value of the ovitrap index outside the house (44.44%) was greater than inside house (37.22%). The results of identification of dengue virus using RT-PCR showed negative results as indicated by the non-formation of a band on 75 pools male and 78 pools female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes after electrophoresis. The results of this study indicated that the Ae. aegypti mosquito in Makassar City showed a tendency to lay eggs outside the house due to the habit of the people who put rain water shelters outside the house which could become breeding place for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This study also showed that there was no transovarial transmission of DENV found in male and female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Makassar City during November 2017 until January 2018.
Distribution and Phytocomponent in the Ethanol Extract of Globba candida Gagnep. (Zingiberaceae) by GC-MS Analysis Putri Sri Andila; I Gede Tirta
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Globba is the third largest genera in the Zingiberaceae family, distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions with the center of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. The study about phytochemical contents Globba is an interesting especially Globba candida Gapnep which have been never reported. The aims of this study were to observe distribution and phytochemical compounds of ethanol extract of G. candida Gapnep. found on Bali Island. Hydrodistillation was used to determine the presence of its essential oil and a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to carry out the phytochemical analysis of the essential oil and ethanol extracts of G. candida Gapne. The phytochemical analysis of the rhizomes and leaves ethanol extracts of G. candida Gapnep revealed 36 and 8 identified chemical compounds representing 85,82% and 85,47% of the total analyzed extracts. However, there was no essential oil constituent found in G. candida Gapnep. The main compounds of the rhizome extract of G. candida Gapnep were levoglucosan 19.07%, allylhydrazone acetaldehyde 5.52%, trans-2,3-epoxybutane 6.30%, butan-3-enoic acid methyl ester 4.36%, 2-methylcyclopentanone 4.02%, and 2-n-propyl-oxetan 4.00%. While the dominant contents of the leaves extract of G. candida Gapnep were pinostrobin chalcone 75.63%.
Recollection and Taxonomic Placement of Alpinia apoensis (Zingiberaceae; Alpinioideae): An Imperfectly Known Philippine Endemic Species Mark Arcebal Kling Naive; Jade Ann Grace Dalisay; Porferio Bangcaya; Grecebio Jonathan Duran Alejandro
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.09

Abstract

A recent exploration on the Mt. Kalatungan Range Natural Park of Bukidnon and Mt. Madjaas of Antique resulted in the recollection of Alpinia apoensis. It is an endemic Zingiberaceae species of uncertain identity that was first collected and described by Elmer over 90 years ago. As there is no comprehensive revision of the family Zingiberaceae in the Philippines, it is meanwhile important to clarify its taxonomic identity. This study contributes a comprehensive description of the species leading to the determination of its sectional and subsectional placements. Information on its geographical distribution, phenology, ecology, and coloured photographs are also provided.
The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) Leaves Increasing Milk Production With Up-Regulated Genes Expression of Prolactin Receptor Ade Chandra Iwansyah; Rizal Martua Damanik; Lilik Kustiyah; Muhammad Hanafi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

This study aim was to determine lactagogue effect of torbangun leaves to plasma levels of lactogenic hormone and gene expression of their receptors in mammary glands of lactation rats. Lactagogue activity was evaluated by volume of milk was produced by the rats treated with commercial milk booster contained ‘katuk' leaves extract (AF), ethyl acetate fraction of torbangun leaves (EA), water extraction of torbangun leaves (AQ) and kaempferol (KP). Lactating rats (n=5) of Sprague dawley with six pups were fed with AF, EA, AQ, and KP in the amount of 50 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The feed was given orally every two days and starting from day 2 after giving birth until day 28. The volume of milk was estimated by the increment pup weight after breastfed. The levels of serum lactogenic hormones were determined by ELISA methods. Moreover, in order to measure the gene expression of the lactogenic hormone's receptors in the mammary gland a real time - reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was performed. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of torbangun leaves (EA) (a) was not significantly stimulating the synthesis of serum prolactin and estradiol at day 14 and day 28 lactation period, (b) down-regulated the gene expression of estradiol receptor (ERα) at day 28, and (c) up-regulated the gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in mammary gland at day 14 and day 28. This study indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of torbangun leaves was induced milk production, within up-regulated the gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the mammary gland of lactation rats.
Microscopic-Based Trend in Imported Malaria among Workers of Trenggalek District Returning from Kalimantan Island, Indonesia During 2012 – 2016 Heny Arwati; Kusmartisnawati Kusmartisnawati; Subagyo Yotopranoto; Poppy Hidayat; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.14

Abstract

Malaria in Indonesia remains a significant health problem. Trenggalek District is one of the receptive malaria areas in East Java Province, Indonesia, with mainly imported malaria from outside Java Island. The people of this district accustomed to traveling to outside Java where malaria is endemic for temporary working purposes. Usually, they have acquired malaria infection in the areas where they worked and brought to their homeland during their return to the district. The number of imported malaria cases depend on the returning season of the workers. When no workers return from outside Java malaria case is zero. During the year of 2012-2016 microscopic examination of Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick blood films of the workers have been done in the working activity of Pandean Primary Health Center on their arrival from Kalimantan Island either by active or passive case detection. Microscopically positive data were reported herein to describe the trend of imported malaria in the studied areas. A total number of malaria-infected workers were 118 cases. The trend towards increasing case number yearly between 2012 and 2013 being 1.35%, then decreasing between 2013 and 2016 to only 4 cases in 2016. Different patterns of imported malaria by month were seen in each year but no specific pattern throughout the year. The Plasmodium vivax infection was predominant every year and followed by Plasmodium falciparum and mixed infection of those two species. Trends of imported malaria cases in Trenggalek district were decreased and increased irregularly in each month yearly. However, the number of cases declined annually during 2013 – 2016. Antimalarial prophylaxis and insecticides prevent the workers from malaria infection.
Cassava Wastewater and Solid Waste Leachate as Cyanogenic Substrates for the Growth of Nitrile and Linamarin-Utilizing Bacteria Adewale Kayode Ogunyemi; Titilola Aderonke Samuel; Mathew Olusoji Ilori; Olukayode Oladipo Amund
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.11

Abstract

The direct discharge of wastewaters containing cyanogenic compounds poses severe health hazards, hence this study aimed to establish the biodegradative potential of nitrile and linamarin utilizing bacterial strains in the degradation of cyanogens in cassava wastewaters (CWW) and solid waste leachates (SWL). Glutaronitrile-utilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. strain WOD8 KX774193 and Corynebacterium sp. strains WOIS2 KX774194) were isolated from solid waste leachates while linamarin-utilizing bacteria strains (Bacillus pumilus strain WOB3 KX774195 and Bacillus pumilus strain WOB7 KX774196) were isolated from cassava wastewaters. They were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, microscopic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial growth assessment coupled with pH changes were performed under aerobic batch conditions. Growth was evaluated at intervals (2 days) by the intensity of turbidity (O.D. 600 nm) in CWW and SWL media. The doubling times of strains WOD8 and WOIS2 when grown on CWW and SWL (without supplementing mineral salts medium) were 12.83 and 10.83 d (specific growth rate, µ: 0.054 and 0.064 d-1) and 20.38 and 17.77 d (µ: 0.034 and 0.039 d-1) respectively. Also, strains WOD8 and WOIS2 grew on supplemented CWW and SWL with doubling times of 10.04 and 9.9 d (µ: 0.069 and 0.070 d-1) and 16.12 and 16.12 d (µ: 0.043 and 0.043 d-1) respectively. Similarly, the doubling times of strains WOB3 and WOB7 when grown on CWW and SWL (without supplementing mineral salts medium) were 8.25 and 7.53 d (µ: 0.084 and 0.092 d-1) and 8.66 and 9.90 d (µ: 0.080 and 0.070 d-1) respectively. Whereas, the same strains had doubling times of 6.30 and 5.78 (µ: 0.11 and 0.12 d-1) and 6.30 and 9.24 (µ: 0.11 and 0.075 d-1) respectively when grown on supplemented CWW and SWL. It would appear that CWW has the highest potential as a natural growth substrate than SWL, and its use for biomass production may contribute to a reduction in the overall environmental impact generated by discarding cyanogenic residues.
In Vitro Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging, Fe2+ and SNP-Induced Lipid Peroxidation (Rat Brain) Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Three (3) Northern Nigerian Plants Leaf Augustina Oduje Akinsanmi; Omolara Titilayo Johnson; Ishaya Yohanna Longdet; John Chinyere Aguiyi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.10

Abstract

Over the years research findings have shown that free radicals are the basis for many diseases. This study sought to investigate the free radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities of some three Northern Nigerian plant leaf; Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. (Burseraceae) (BDL), Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. (DML), and Daniellia oliveiri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalz (DOL). The study investigated both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, free radical scavenging activities of 1, 1-diphenyl–2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH, total antioxidant capacity ABTS, hydroxyl, reducing property and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. All the seven phytochemicals screened were all present in both BDL and DML plant extracts but saponins and glycosides were absent in DOL plant leaf. The result revealed that BDL methanolic extract had the highest total flavonoid and phenolic content while BDL methanolic extract had the highest alkaloid content. DOL methanolic extract had the least content in all the 3 phytochemicals quantified. BDL methanolic extract had the highest free radical scavenging activity in 1, 1-diphenyl–2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Hydroxyl and reducing power assays. While DML methanolic extract, had the highest free radical scavenging ability in 2, 2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzazoline-6-sulphonic acid (TEAC) assays. The IC50 of BDL extract (12.37 mg/mL) was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from DML extract (10.39 mg/mL) in the Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation assay. While, the IC50 of DML extract (14.83 mg/mL) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BDL extract (19.92 mg/mL) in the SNP-induced lipid peroxidation. The DOL extract had the least scavenging and peroxidative inhibitory activity in all the assays carried out.  We therefore concluded that the synergistic free radical scavenging activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the three plants studied (especially, BDL and DML), provides a biochemical rationale for their usage as a medicinal plant.
Level of mRNA Insulin Gene and Blood Glucose STZ-Induced Diabetic Rat are Improved by Glucomannan of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume from East Java Forest Indonesia Fatchiyah Fatchiyah; Damai Aulia Nurmasari; Nuri Masruro; Rista Nikmatu Rohmah; Lidwina Faraline Triprisila; Mulyati Mulyati; Takahisa Yamada; Takashi Ohta
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.02.05

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of metabolic disorder with high level of blood sugar glucose and reduces pancreatic-insulin levels that are altered by unhealthy food and lifestyle. To manage the blood glucose and insulin level, we need the diabetes dietary management related with insulin gene cascade. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence glucomannan fiber to mRNA level of the insulin gene and genes cascade expression of target cells of type 1 diabetic rat. Three-month-old male (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) were fed with fiber of glucomannan of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume with dosage 0,06g/kg BW and 0.12g/kg BW every day during one month. RNA dot blotting with specific cDNA probe was performed mRNA level of insulin gene. The result of this study showed that glucomannan could reduce of body weight and blood glucose level significantly. The mRNA level of insulin gene of diabetic rats-treated 0.12g/kg BW glucomannan fiber dosage was the highest significance level among of all groups. In histopathological analysis, glucomannan was increasing significantly in IRS-1 level expression proliferate properly and consistently increasing of the PI3-K expression level in treated diabetic rats. This study indicates that the 0.12g/kg BW glucomannan was optimum dosage that effectively as role for alternative high-fiber therapy of type 1 diabetic through insulin receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. 

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