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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 986 Documents
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Isolation and Characterization of Fungi strains associated with Mycotoxin Production from Bambara (Vigna subterranea (L) verdc) nuts Recovered in Nigeria Simeon Kolawole Odetunde; Stephen Oyedele Fapohunda; Segun Gbolagade Jonathan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.04

Abstract

Fungal contamination of food commodities is a global food security challenge that impacts negatively on the health of consumers. Mycotoxins are produced as secondary metabolites by some pathogenic fungi and may contaminate agricultural products while on the field or during harvesting and storage. A field survey was conducted in order to isolate and identify the mycotoxin producing fungal strains in Bambara nuts collected from major markets in eight States in Nigeria. Samples per site were pooled, processed and screened for the presence of mycotoxin-producing fungi by culture technique and intergenic spacer sequencing (ITS).  Mycotoxin production was determined using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with scanning densitometer.  Twenty-four producing fungal strains: Talaromyces pinophilus, Macrophomina phaseolina (6), Fusarium oxysporum (2), Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus flavipes, Rhizopus oryzae (2), Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus flavus (2), Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Rhizopus microsporus, Ceriporia lacerate and Fusarium verticillioides (accession numbers of MN42329-MN4233323) were identified from Bambara nuts. The genera Macrophomina were the most dominant.  Some of the identified fungi are noted for the production of mycotoxins and mycotoxins exert toxic effects on animals and humans. The fungi associated to Bambara nut diseases were identified and can be taken as targets in varietal improvement of Bambara nut for resistance to fungal diseases in Nigeria.
Bactericidal Potentiality of Purified Terpenoid Extracts from the Selected Sea Weeds and its Mode of Action Sabira Siraj Sumayya; Abdulhadeef Shereefa Lubaina; Kumaraswamy Murugan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.03

Abstract

Terpenoids are hydrocarbons involved in a variety of basic functions in plants such as growth, development and other physiological events. Terpenes and their associated molecules safe guard the organisms from pest, pathogen and herbivores. Similarly, therapeutically terpenoids function as antimicrobial agents against bacteria, fungi and viruses. The mechanism of bactericidal activities may be via inhibiting the synthesis of essential molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, cell-wall components, cell membrane derailment, bacterial DNA replication or inhibition of metabolic pathways. The crude methanolic extracts of the seaweeds were subjected to silica gel column chromatographic purification and eluted with different combinations of ethyl acetate: petroleum ether solvent systems. The eluted fractions were further subjected to thin layer chromatography and fractionated by GC-MS. The fractions obtained from Hypnea musciformis revealed the terpenoids such as eicosane, heneicosane, 2-pentadecnone, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n- hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, heptadecanoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecanoic acid metyl ester, whereas Kappapycus alvarezii  displayed hexadecane, eicosane, heptadecane, octadecane, heneicosane, tricosane, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and beta amyrin. Similarly, Gracillaria dura revealed hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n- hexadecanoic acid, 11-octadecanoic acid and phytol. Subsequently, the bactericidal activities of the purified terpenoid extracts from the sea weeds were carried. Initially, the extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains such as three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the purified terpenoid extracts of G. dura exhibited significant bactericidal potentiality against S. mutans as compared to other strains. The zone of inhibition, MIC and MBC values narrate the efficacy of the purified terpenoid extract of the species. Remarkable leaching of metabolites like protein and DNA further substantiates the MIC and MBC results. Scanning electron microscopic observations such as clumping, irregularity of cells and ballooned walls reflect the possible membrane damage accounted in the cells by the terpenoid extracts. Further studies are planned to validate the above data by using molecular tools.
ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL LEAF TRAIT VARIATION AMONG THE DOMINANT UNDERSTOREY SPECIES IN THE PINE FOREST OF MORNI HILLS, PANCHKULA, HARYANA. Somveer Jakhar; Himanshi Dhiman; Harikesh Saharan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.02.13

Abstract

Functional diversity is an essential concept in the field of functional ecology. It refers to the relative abundance, range and value of the functional traits present in a given community or ecosystem. Plant functional traits (leaf traits, stem traits, root traits etc.) create a link between ecosystem processes and plant physiology, and thus offer a powerful means to study the global change on vegetation dynamics and ecosystem processes. When plant species grow in different environments, their physiological and functional traits get modify due to change in site specific conditions. In the present study, leaf functional traits (leaf size-LS, specific leaf area-SLA, leaf dry matter content-LDMC, leaf nitrogen content-LNC, leaf phosphorus content-LNC and leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio-N:P) of twelve dominant understorey species (6 shrubs  and 6 herbs) were examined in the Pine forest of Morni Hills range of lower Shivaliks, Haryana, India. During the study, the maximum value of leaf size was obtained for Murraya koenigii and Cynoglossum zeylanicum; while the maximum value of LDMC was obtained for Toxicodendron parviflorum and Dicliptera chinensis among shrubs and herbs respectively. Other than this, highest value of SLA, LPC and LNC were calculated for Parthenium hysterophorus among shrubs and Oxalis corniculata among herbs. The calculated values were also found to be significantly correlated among the selected plant species.
COVID-19 to Curb Positive Climate and Negative Recession Vasudeo Pandharinath Zambare
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.15

Abstract

A novel coronavirus originated COVID-19 a pandemic disease that is rapidly progressing and spreading the infection and death cases thorough out the globe [1-2]. It's an alarming situation for an individual's survival. As a remedial action, many countries opted for curfews or lockdown and serious actions were taken by the government to stop the spreading of novel coronavirus by shutting down private industries, schools, offices, and many more nonessential businesses. The outcome of lockdown resulted in almost negligible use of polluting vehicles, and industries which has direct setbacks on the global economy.            The lockdown option showed a positive impact on health by minimizing the risk of COVID-19 infectivity as well as environmental rejuvenate in terms of tremendous improvement in air quality, sound pollution reduction, and ultimately the ozone layer healing. Thus, a precautionary measure taken against pandemic disease COVID-19 would have a positive impact on climate change at the global level. The financial activity has caught up and stock markets have to plummet alongside the declining environmental pollution including carbon emissions, sound, and natural water resources. It's the precise opposite of the drive towards a sustainable economy that many have been a campaigner for the future. But, a negative setback of COVID-19 toll of early deaths of family belongings, food scarcity, loss of jobs, struggle to earn the daily bread, family security, homesick and mental sickness.  The widespread job losses would be in danger the income source of millions as businesses are struggling to cope with the limitations being put in place to control the deadly coronavirus during the lockdown period.            Thus, I urge every national, public-private organization, research institutes to take early remedial strategies for the negatively affected community surveillance, health encouragement, education, food security, and job opportunities to control the 21st century’s biggest recession [3]. COVID-19 impacted improvement in the environmental air and water quality is a natural healing process and all nationals must maintain it in the future by adopting good hygiene and behavioral practices.
Identification and characterization of a 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) degrading alkalotorelant bacterium strain BHS1 isolated from Blue Lake, Turkey Batool Hazim Abdul Wahhab; Nurul Fatin Syamimi Khairul Anuar; Roswanira Abdul Wahab; Marwan S.M. Al Nimer; Nurul HIdayah Samsulrizal; Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid; Mohamed Faraj Edbeib; Yilmaz Kaya; Fahrul Huyop
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.08

Abstract

An acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) is an active ingredient in herbicide (Dalapon®). Using 2,2-DCP as a model substrate, an alkalotolerant bacterium was successfully isolated from the Blue Lake, Turkey. This bacterium is a potential bioremediation agent of recalcitrant xenobiotic halogenated compounds. This study aimed to prove the efficacy of the alkalotolerance Bacillus megaterium BHS1 in degrading 2,2-DCP as the sole source of carbon. Biolog GEN III system and 16S rRNA analysis were used for the identification of the bacterium. It was discovered that the strain BHS1 is Bacillus megaterium, and the bacterium that was observed to thrive in alkaline conditions (pH 7.0−14.0), supplemented with varying concentrations of 2,2-DCP (from 20 to 60 mM). Growth of strain BHS1 was exceptional in 40 mM of 2,2-DCP at pH 9, corresponding to a cell doubling time of 17.7 hour, whereas was fully inhibited at 50 mM 2,2-DCP. Since halogenated pollutants can make their way into highly alkaline environments, therefore, identifying threshold levels of strain BHS1 with respect to alkaline-tolerance and maximum level of 2,2-DCP may prove pertinent. This is to ensure that an optimal environment is created for the bacteria to degrade 2,2-DCP-contaminated water. In addition, this is the first study exploring a Bacillus species isolated from an alkaline environment adept in utilizing 2,2-DCP as a sole source of carbon. Hence, the ability of this strain to degrade other types of haloalkanoic acids constitutes a worthy future study.
The Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) in Porang Corms (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) at Different Harvest Time Nurul Chairiyah; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.05

Abstract

The research aims to observe the influence of harvesting time on the change of calcium oxalate (CaOx) content and crystal density in Porang corms. The corms were harvested at different times, i.e., (1) two weeks before the plants shed (R0-1), (2) when the plants shed (R0), and (3) two weeks after the plants shed (R0+1). CaOx was obtained using the modified extracting method. Microscopic observations were obtained from the slices of the edge and center part of porang corms. Parameter observed including CaOx content, corm weight, shape, and density of CaOx crystal. CaOx content and crystal density in corms were analyzed using One way ANOVA. If the results are significant, it will be followed by Tukey Test α 0.05. In the meantime, the relation between CaOx content and corm weight was analyzed using Correlation Test Bivariate. The results showed that CaOx content was relatively higher in porang corms, i.e., 15.98 ± 0.60g/100g. On the other hand, the increasing of CaOx content might improve corm weight. The total density of druse, styloid, and prism crystal was pretty high in corms obtained when the plants shed compared to another harvest time, i.e., 1,494 ± 286; 31,280 ± 17,406 and 6,256 ± 1,533 crystals/cm2 . Raphide crystal density, by contrast, increased in corms obtained after the plants shed, i.e.,1,656 ± 368 crystals/cm2 . Total CaOx crystal density in the edge parts of corms harvested when the plants shed was proportionately higher than in the other harvest times, i.e., 12,292 ± 4,687.89 crystals/cm2 . In contrast, CaOx crystal densities in the center parts of corms were not much different at three harvesting times. The density of druse and prism crystals was somewhat higher in the center part of corms than in the edge parts. In opposition to, the density of raphide and styloid crystals was fairly higher in the edge part of corms than it was in the center parts. However, only raphide crystal density found in the edge and center part of corms was significantly affected by harvest time from all these results.
White Kabesak (Acacia Leucophloea RoxB) Leaves Utilization in Concentrate on Fermentation Products and In Vitro Gas Production E.D. Wie Lawa; S Chuzaemi; Hartutik Hartutik; Marjuki Marjuki
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate gas production and in vitro fermentation products from feed containing leaves of white kabesak (acacia leucophloea Roxb.)Willd. Feed was composed of a ratio of 60% natural grasses and 40% concentrate. The treatments were used levels of white kabesak leaves in concentrates i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% in the dry matter (DM) basis as treatments, R0, R1, R2, R3 and R4 treatments, respectively. The results showed that inclusion of acacia leucophloea leaves in concentrate increased organic matter and crude fiber contents but decreased the crude protein content. Increasing level of acacia leucophloea  leaves in concentrate decreased  gas production (b, ml / 500 mg DM) from 198.29 (R0) to 139.93 (R4). The gas production rate (c, ml /hour) was relatively constant between 0.034 to 0.036 on R0 - R3 and 0.028 on R4. Gas production at 48 hours incubation (y, ml / 500 mg DM) decreased from 153.38 (R0) to 103.23 (R4). The NH3 concentrations ranged from 6.17-7.31 mg / 100 ml and the total VFA was 83.07-91.96 mM. The lowest C2 / C3 ratio was in R2 (2.63). The highest IVDMD was 50.18-67.14% in R0 and the lowest IVOMD was 55.04-71.35% R4. The use of acacia leucophloea leaves at level 20% in concentrates as supplements was more efficient in reducing gas production and in vitro fermentation products.
Diversity of Weevils (Coleoptera) in Marahan, Marilog Forest Reserve, Southern Mindanao, Philippines Alma B. Mohagan; Romeo Jr. Rogano Patano; Merced G. Melencion; Daryl S. Salas; Fulgent P. Coritico; Victor B. Amoroso
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.10

Abstract

Fieldworks were conducted last January to March, 2019 to collect and record species of weevils at Sitio Matigsalug, Marahan, Marilog Forest Reserve, Marilog District, Mindanao, Philippines. Standard sampling techniques such as belt transect and opportunistic sampling were conducted in the established 2 kilometers transect to survey the agroforest and montane ecosystems with elevations of 800-950 masl and 1,000-1,300 masl, respectively. A total of 228 individuals belonging to 2 families and 22 species of weevils were recorded, all of which are only known from forest and mountain ecosystems of Mindanao. Metapocrytus is the most encountered genus with 12 species. The montane forest had higher species richness with 15 species but with lower species abundance of 34 individuals compared to the agroforest ecosystem with 13 species and 194 individuals. Seven (7) species are common in both sites. Plant associates and behavior of the observed weevils were also noted which include 22 species of ferns and flowering plants. Other than perching behavior, species are also observed copulating, feeding and mostly hiding in abaxial part of leaves. As flightless beetles with high vulnerability for predation by other insectivorous species, the observations gathered will help in understanding their behaviors for survival. Despite of high species richness and abundance, anthropogenic disturbances such as agricultural activities are on-going which extend towards the montane forest in the area. Conservation initiatives must be implemented to protect the remaining endemic and rare species of flora and fauna.
A Case Study of the Phenotypic Variations in Barilius Bendelisis (Hamilton) from a Perennial Stream and a Fish Pond of Garhwal Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand, India Pranav Singh; Shivani Nautiyal; Navneet Swami; Jitendra Singh Rana; Manju Prakash Gusain; Om Prakash Gusain
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.02

Abstract

A comparative study on the morphometric and meristic variables of Barilius bendelisis (Ham.) from two different water bodies, i.e., Khanda Gad, a perennial spring fed stream and fish pond in the Garhwal Himalayan region of Uttarakhand was made during the present study. A total of 100 specimens were analysed for 26 different morphometric variables and 14 meristic counts. The majority of morphometric variables showed linear relationship when expressed in relation to total length and head length, whereas meristic counts remained constant with increasing body length. Standard length was found to be the highly correlated character in samples from both sites. Principal Component Analysis of 10 significant morphometric variables yielded three components accounting for 73.38% of the total variation. Principal Component Analysis of 3 meristic variables yielded single component accounting for 62.3% of total variation. Discriminant Function Analysis for morphometric and meristic variables showed that 98% and 83% of individuals were allocated into their original populations respectively. The cluster analysis for morphometric characters showed of fish populations from both sites formed two major clades, thus significantly differentiating the two stocks of fish population.
Ethnobotany of three sea grass species from Port Blair, a step towards its conservation in Andaman Islands Mohammed Naufal PJ; G Padmavati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.02

Abstract

Ethno-phycology is the study of the relationships of human society to flora and its ecosystem. In the marine world, ethno-biology is a thriving area of research which have yielded valuable ethno-biological knowledge. The main goal of the present study was to understand the effect of abiotic factors as well as the natural and anthropogenic disturbances that shape seagrass community in Andaman Island and to reveal the knowledge of the local people, about the significance of seagrass habitat and its conservation. The qualitative study on distribution of seagrasses in Chidiyatapu (11° 29' 30" to 11° 30' 34" N and 92° 35' 10" to 92° 42' 30" E) was carried out during December2012 to February 2013. A total of three seagrass species such as Thalassia hempirichi (Ehrenberg) Ascherson, 1871, Halodule uninervis  (R.Brown) J.D.Hooker 1858, Halophila ovalis (Forsskål) Ascherson 1882, where identified. Among them, T. hempirichi, and H. ovalis found in this study was reported to have the ethno-medicinal value from west coast of India. As a part of the study, the  semi-structured survey was carried out among the local coastal people to analyse the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The survey has revealed the  unawareness of  coastal residents about the medicinal, nutritional as well as conservational values of seagrasses. An effective implementation has to be taken to make them aware that seagrasses are fundamental components of healthy marine ecosystems and the local livelihoods that rely on them. The present findings provide the first report on the ethno-phycology of seagrasses from South Andaman Island.

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