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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Characterization of β-glucosidases from Meridianimaribacter sp. CL38: Characterization of β-glucosidases from Meridianimaribacter sp. CL38 Hong , Clarine Wan Ling; Chen, Sye Jinn; Liew, Kok Jun; Lam, Ming Quan; Zakaria, Muhammad Ramziuddin; Chong, Kheng Loong; Chong, Chun Shiong
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.09

Abstract

The production of second-generation biofuel requires a huge amount of freshwater. It is estimated that at least three gal of freshwater is used to produce one gal of biofuel. The replacement of freshwater with seawater serves as a potential alternative in biofuel generation. Therefore, salt-tolerant enzymes play an important role in saccharification and fermentation process. Halophilic β-glucosidase is one of the key enzymes for the process. In this study, the β-glucosidase of halophile Meridianimaribacter sp. CL38 isolated from mangrove soil was characterized. Strain CL38 achieved maximum production of β-glucosidase at 12th hour of growth. The β-glucosidase showed highest activity at 2% (w/v) NaCl while highly stable at salt concentration ranging from 1-2% (w/v) (more than 96% of relative activity). Its β-glucosidase activity remained active in the presence of 5mM Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ions, and 1% (v/v) Tween-20 and Tween-80. The draft genome sequence of strain CL38 was retrieved from GenBank database and submitted to dbCAN meta server for CAZymes annotation. Strain CL38 harbors 44 GHs and GH3 are annotated as β-glucosidases. The β-glucosidases of Meridianimaribacter flavus (99.61%) and Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris (97.44%) showed the closest identity with Bgl3a and Bgl3b protein sequences from strain CL38, respectively. Glycoside hydrolase family 3 domain was identified in both enzymes via InterPro scan server. The presence of signal peptides indicated that both enzymes were secreted extracellularly. Five motifs were identified in Bgl3a and Bgl3b, with the active site (nucleophile) found at Asp296 and Asp297, respectively. Collectively, these β-glucosidases could be potentially used in the biofuel production, in particular the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment process. This is the first attempt to characterize the β-glucosidase in genus Meridianimaribacter as so far none of the lignocellulolytic enzymes from this genus were characterized.
Competition Assessment on Various Intercropping Patterns of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L): Competition Assessment on Various Intercropping Patterns of Bitter Melon and Tomato Blessya, Christabel Putik; Karyawati, Anna Satyana
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.18

Abstract

Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in close proximity. Intercropping is useful for obtaining land efficiency, nutrient efficiency, and increasing biodiversity, which is in line with controlling plant-disturbing organisms. Intercropping can also be done in the rice fields, and it is hoped that the optimization of the use of the rice fields will have a good impact on rice and other crops. The adverse effect that is feared to arise due to the intercropping method is the contamination of substances through horizontal transfer of substances between plants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of competition on bitter melon and tomato intercropping. The study started from January to May 2022 in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency. The research stages include planting and maintaining commodities, observing growth, and organoleptic testing. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which was arranged in a non-factorial. The total treatment was 5 treatments which were repeated 4 times. The results of the research on the competitiveness of tomatoes were superior to bitter melon in a 2-line and 3-row intercropping system. From an economic point of view, intercropping in a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio is feasible because it has an R/C Ratio of more than 1. Bitter melon and tomatoes grown in polyculture with a 3-row alternate cropping pattern in a 1:2 ratio of tomatoes and bitter melon are feasible because has an R/C Ratio of 3.57 and has a more stable price for bitter melon.
Effects of Different Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Soil on Morphological and Biochemical Properties of Ipomea aquatica: Zinc and Copper Effects on Ipomoea aquatica Abd Manan, Fazilah; Ridzuan, Raihana; Henisi, Jessica; Prabakaran, Ashwini Nair
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.15

Abstract

Zinc and copper pollution in agricultural lands due to anthropogenic activities has become a major environmental problem. While these metals are essential for plant growth, their excessive presence can lead to plant toxicity. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of zinc and copper (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) in soil on the morphological and biochemical properties of I. aquatica, commonly known as water spinach. The morphological properties, including plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter, were assessed, along with soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Biochemical properties, specifically the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in plant tissues, were measured using colorimetric assays. The results revealed significant morphological changes in plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves at 200 ppm zinc treatment compared to the control. Additionally, the number of leaves significantly increased at the 100 ppm copper treatment, while the stem diameter decreased significantly at 300 ppm. Both zinc and copper treatments slightly reduced soil pH and increased soil EC. At the 300 ppm treatment, substantial changes in phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in the stems and leaves of I. aquatica. Copper treatment at 200 ppm increased the TPC of leaves, while 100 ppm copper treatment increased the TFC of stems. Furthermore, the 300 ppm zinc treatment significantly increased the TPC and TFC in stems and leaves. These findings indicate that zinc and copper concentrations have notable effects on the morphological and biochemical properties of I. aquatica. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain an appropriate balance of these metal elements to cultivate plants that are morphologically and physiologically resilient.
Amylase activity in various digestive organs and blood urea levels of Osphronemus gouramy with Chlorella vulgaris feed supplementation and reared in different system : Amylase activities and blood urea levels of Osphronemus gouramy Simanjuntak, Sorta Basar Ida; Wijayanti, Gratiana Ekaningsih; Zuwanda, Maditaningtyas Hawwa; Winarni, Elly Tuti
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.12

Abstract

Osphronemus gouramy is a potential Indonesian fish that needs to be supported by good nutritional feed and water quality in a culture system. The research on the effect of combining Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) supplementation with culture systems of biofloc and non-biofloc in gourami fish on amylase activity and blood urea level has not been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of C. vulgaris supplementation with different culture systems on the amylase activity of various digestive organs and blood urea levels. It obtains the best C. vulgaris supplementation feed combination to increase the amylase activity of various digestive organs and reduce blood urea levels. This research was carried out experimentally with a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of two factors. Furthermore, gourami was fed with C. vulgaris levels of 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g kg-1 for 28 days and divided into biofloc and non-biofloc groups of culture systems. The amylase activity was measured at three pH buffers, and blood urea levels were analyzed using a urea kit. The results showed that amylase activity increased when supplemented with C. vulgaris 5 g kg-1 feed using the biofloc system, while blood urea levels decreased. C. vulgaris supplementation and biofloc system are alternative solutions to improving nutrition and water quality.
Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Sugarcane Waste (Bagasse) and Optimization of Cellulase Activity as Animal Feed: Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Sugarcane Waste (Bagasse) Ramadhani, Sulistya Ika; Ardyati, Tri; Sjofjan, Osfar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.19

Abstract

The Sugar Factory of Tjoekir Jombang is one of the sugar factories located in Jombang, East Java under PT Perkebunan Nusantara X. Sugarcane waste, also known as bagasse causes pollution of the environment. Some microorganisms are able to degrade cellulose-containing bagasse, because of cellulolytic enzymes produced by cellulolytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain cellulolytic bacteria isolates, screen the highest cellulolytic activity, identify the highest cellulolytic activity isolates, and optimize conditions (pH and temperature) for the highest cellulase activity. Cellulolytic bacteria from bagasse were grown on a medium containing 1% CMC. Several additional minerals were other than those in the CMC medium. The cellulase activity was assayed semi-quantitatively with the addition of 0.1% Congo red and quantitatively using the 3,5-Dinitro Salicylic Acid (DNS) method. Bacterial isolates with high cellulolytic activity were identified based on the 16S rDNA sequence. This research obtained 20 bacterial isolates, where isolate A1T4 had the highest cellulolytic index of 1.18 mm. Measurement of cellulase activity using the DNS method showed that isolate A2T2 had the highest cellulase activity of 2.19 U/mL. Hemolysis assay showed that from 12 isolates, only two isolates have γ-hemolysis activity (isolates A1T6 and A3T3). Those isolates were optimized in a CMC broth medium with temperatures of 30°C and 37°C and pH 5 and pH 6 to produce the highest cellulase activity. Isolate A1T6 and A3T3 were grown optimally at 30oC and pH 6. Isolate A1T6 was identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus with a similarity of 99.80%, and isolate A3T3 was identified as Pseudomonas mendocina with a similarity of 98.83%.
A Review on Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of Cleome rutidosperma DC: A review on Cleome rutidosperma Nguyen, Trang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.03.20

Abstract

Cleome rutidosperma DC., a species of flowering plant in the Cleomaceae family, is commonly known as "fringed spider flower" or "purple cleome". It is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. The plant species is widely utilized in folk medicinal practices. According to traditional medicinal reports, the plant has been used to alleviate pain, spasms, and skin diseases, as well as to reduce symptoms of deafness, earaches, and convulsions. This study aims to consolidate the available information on traditional medicine, botanical aspects, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of C. rutidosperma. Published articles on this species since 2000 were comprehensively analyzed. Databases, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, were employed. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that C. rutidosperma possesses various bioactivities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Multiple phytochemicals have been identified in the plant. These phytoconstituents could contribute to the high antioxidant properties and multiple bioactivities of C. rutidosperma that hold great potential for human health
Concerted Structural analysis predictions of an organohalide pollutants uptake enzyme, putative permease protein (DehHsAADcPt) from Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6T.: Comparative Structural Prediction of putative permease protein (DehHsAADcPt) Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun; Oladipo, Oluwatosin; Adekilekun, Habeebulahi; Abdul Wahab, Roswanira; Akinyede, Kolajo; Oladimeji Tugbobo, Samuel; Wayan Gunam, Ida Bagus; Huyop, Fahrul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.07

Abstract

Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6T is a halophilic bacterium capable of utilizing haloalkanoic acid and possessing a specific gene for the uptake of organohalide pollutants. This distinctive characteristic has garnered the attention of researchers who seek to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among its genome, a putative permease protein known as DehHsAADcPt has been identified as a potential candidate for facilitating the uptake of these pollutants. Structural predictions of DehHsAADcPt have been conducted to gain a better understanding of its potential role in pollutant uptake. The predictions of DehHsAADcPt's structural characteristics, presented in this study, shed light on its potential application in bioremediation efforts. The implications of these findings are discussed in detail. The in-silico characterization and functional analysis of DehHsAADcPt was carried out with different bio-computational tools or servers. DehHsAADcPt belongs to the ABC inner membrane transporter permease family protein that is highly basic, hydrophobic, and thermostable having a molecular weight of 58,885.47Da as revealed from ExPASy server. The DehHsAADcPt compost mostly alpha helix structure and functional motif belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system inner membrane components and phage shock protein family. The 3-D structure obtained by AlphaFold2 homology modeling program and verified by Ramachandran plot revealed that most of the residues are in the allowed or favored regions of the plot. Likewise, several amino acid residues are predicted as ligand binding residues and most of them are highly conserved. The different computational tools used have proven to give holistic structural analysis predictions of DehHsAADcPt and revealed the concerted nature of these tools in elucidation. This study provides valuable insights into the structural and functional properties of DehHsAADcPt protein, which could pave the way for its potential application in the bioremediation of halogenated organic pollutants.
Life History and Immature Stages of the Malay Birdwing Butterfly, Troides amphrysus, and a New Larval Host Plant from Java, Indonesia: Life history, immature stages, and new larval hostplant of the Malay Birdwing butterfly Shahroni, Abdul Mutholib; Bagyo, Yanuwiadi; Djunijanti, Peggie
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.04

Abstract

Troides amphrysus (Cramer, 1779) is one of the iconic birdwing butterflies widely distributed from the Malay Peninsula to Java, Indonesia. Although this species is widespread, comprehensive information on its immature stages and larval development remains poorly studied. This study aims to document the complete immature stages and analyze the developmental biology of T. amphrysus on Java Island. Observations were conducted in the coastal forests of South Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Between July and December 2023, a two-week field inspection was conducted to collect eggs and larvae (L). Captive rearing of all samples was carried out in the laboratory to measure the life cycle duration and body length. The results showed that the period to complete the immature stage lasted an average of 74.6 days, with the instar L3 being the longest. Larval growth followed a sigmoid pattern, with the most variation occurring at instars L2–L3, indicating a potentially sensitive stage influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The instar head capsule size ranges from 1.0 mm (L1) to 7.0 mm (L5). Additionally, this study reports Aristolochia zollingeriana as a new host plant record for T. amphrysus on Java Island. This finding highlights the importance of conserving coastal forest habitats and host plants of the Aristolochiaceae family to sustain the T. amphrysus population. New insights into developmental biology, the importance of coastal forest habitats, and the ecological availability of larval host plants for T. amphrysus have been highlighted in this study. Thus, it can support conservation strategies to maintain the long-term survival of this protected butterfly species in Java.
Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Three Green Algae Collected from Hon Son Island, Kien Giang Province, Viet Nam: Biological Activity of Three Green Algae Collected from Hon Son Island Men, Tran Thanh; Nhu, Huynh; Thao, Truong Thi Phuong; Nga, Pham Thi Ngoc; Quy, Tran Ngoc
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.01

Abstract

Chaetomorpha spiralis, Caulerpa microphysa, and Caulerpa sp., which belong to the Chlorophyta group (commonly known as green algae), are increasingly recognized as rich sources of natural substances with biological activities. These marine resources are of particular interest among green algae due to their potential to yield novel, safe, and effective compounds. This study, therefore, aimed to demonstrate the specific bioactive value of crude solvent extracts from the above algae species by systematically evaluating their antioxidant and UV protection activities, which are critical properties for dermatological and pharmaceutical applications. The measurement of antioxidant effect was performed by two well-established assay methods: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and ABTS•+ (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), along with in vitro spectrophotometric (SPF) analysis to determine the sun protection factor. After analysis, the Caulerpa sp. sample exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 18.54%. At the same time, Chaetomorpha spiralis showed the most excellent ABTS•+ radical neutralizing activity, with 12.89% of the IC50 value. The Chlorophyta extract exhibited relatively low antioxidant activity, with IC50 values exceeding 4.0 mg/mL in both assays. The SPF value of the Caulerpa sp. extract was the highest among the species tested, reaching 41.50 mg/mL (a significant finding for photoprotection). These findings collectively highlight the potential of Chlorophyta extracts. Despite variable antioxidant results, their utility in antioxidant, antibacterial, and skincare applications, particularly in cosmeceuticals, warrants further investigation.
Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Coffee Waste Extract Enriched with Carbon Source of Molasses and Pineapple Peel Waste: Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Coffee Waste Extract Mora, Giral Baines; Permatasari, Dewi; Wahyudi, Aleyda; Ardyati , Tri
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.02.15

Abstract

Coffee waste is an agricultural by-product that has been commonly used as compost and animal feed. It contains complex carbohydrate sources that can be further utilized for the production of bacterial cellulose. However, the sugar content in coffee waste is limited, so additional sugar sources such as molasses and pineapple peel extract are needed. Molasses and pineapple peel extract serve as substitutes for glucose and are expected to optimize the production of bacterial cellulose. This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of molasses (0.5%, 2.5%, and 5% v/v) and pineapple peel extract (20% and 40% v/v) in coffee waste extract medium on bacterial cellulose production and to characterize the resulting membranes. The research stages included: (1) enrichment of starter culture and standardization of bacterial cell density; (2) extraction of coffee waste and pineapple peel; (3) production of bacterial cellulose using coffee waste extract medium supplemented with molasses or pineapple peel extract at varying concentrations; (4) physicochemical characterization of bacterial cellulose including weight, thickness, surface area, pH change, and tensile strength; and (5) analysis of membrane surface structure using SEM. The best physicochemical characteristics were obtained from the medium supplemented with 5% molasses and 20% pineapple peel extract. These treatments also yielded the best results in terms of SEM analysis and tensile strength.

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