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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 986 Documents
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First Report of Microalgae Associated with Velamen Aerial Roots of Epiphytic Orchids in the Philippines: Microalgae in Velamen Roots of Orchids in the Philippines Arguelles, Eldrin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/

Abstract

Velamen roots of epiphytic orchids are unique environment for growth and proliferation of rare and novel microalgal species.  This taxonomic study presents the first floristic survey of microalgal communities inhabiting the velamen roots of epiphytic orchids (Vanda ampullacea, Vanda denisoniana, Vanda bensonii) in the Philippines, documenting these taxa for the first time in this unique aerial habitat as new distributional records for the country. Overall, 16 species of microalgae were described taxonomically, of which four species each were identified belonging to Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Chlorophyceae, while two species each for Trebouxiophyceae and Zygnematophyceae. The survey reports an additional of fifteen species (Chlorella vulgaris, Mucidosphaerium pulchellum, Chlorococcum infusionum, Desmodesmus abundans, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Pediastrum angulosum, Cosmarium formosulum, Closterium moniliferum, Cocconeis euglypta, Diatoma vulgaris, Nitzschia palea, Fragilaria vaucheriae, Chroococcus minutus, Pseudanabaena minima, and Nostoc verrucosum) as new records of microalgae associated with velamen roots of orchids found in Asia. In addition, the study documented the existence of three rare microalgae, Mucidosphaerium pulchellum (H.C. Wood) C.Bock, Proschold & Krienitz, Pediastrum angulosum Ehrenberg ex Meneghini, and Cosmarium formosulum Hoff which are taxonomically described as new records in the Philippines. The floristic survey enriches the diversity of algae from velamen roots of epiphytic orchids and provides important taxonomic and distributional records of microalgae found in terrestrial plants in the Philippines.
DNA Barcoding and eDNA Metabarcoding for Identification Species: A Case Study (West Sumatra): DNA barcoding and eDNA metabarcoding Roesma, Dewi Imelda; Tjong, Djong Hon; Syaifullah, Syaifullah; Nofrita, Nofrita; Janra, Muhammad Nazri; Aidil, Dyta Rabbani; Prawira, Furqan Dwiki Lintang; Salis, Viola Mutiara
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/

Abstract

The biodiversity of freshwater fish is important to study because there is data and information that remain undiscovered. The waters of Sumatra, especially West Sumatra, are areas with high freshwater fish diversity but have limited information. Providing information and genetic data has become one of the important things to conduct. DNA barcoding and eDNA metabarcoding have become molecular methods for identifying species and providing information about the presence of species in a region. A study using DNA barcoding and eDNA metabarcoding was conducted on freshwater fish in several locations in West Sumatra. Isolation and amplification of DNA were performed directly on individual samples and sequenced using conventional methods (Sanger sequencing) to generate DNA barcodes. Water samples were collected (2 liters) at each location using a sterile bottle. The water samples were filtrated, isolated, and amplified using universal primer and sequenced with next-generation sequencing techniques. The study successfully collected 25 species belonging to 14 genera, 2 families, and 1 order. A total of 134 sequences from West Sumatra with a length of 648-670 bp were analyzed. All DNA barcodes were submitted to the BOLD System and GenBank, NCBI. The mean Kimura two-parameter model (K2P) genetic distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 0.7%, 8.3%, 15.8%, and 21.3%, respectively. The eDNA metabarcoding technique has successfully detected three native fish species in the waters of West Sumatra (Barbonymus schwanefeldii, Mystacoleucus padangensis, and Rasbora jacobsoni). The availability of fish DNA barcodes in reference databases is crucial for the success of identification using eDNA metabarcoding. Combining identification using conventional methods and eDNA metabarcoding can provide more reliable results and become a reference for future freshwater monitoring.
Identification of Bacterial Isolates from Mozzarella Cheese Whey Using 16S rDNA and Assessment of Their Consortium Proteolytic Activity: Identification and Protease Activity of Cheese Whey Bacteria Maulidiyah, Nuris; Ardyati, Tri; Dwi Jatmiko, Yoga
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.01.15

Abstract

Cheese whey is the main waste from cheese production, which contains high levels of protein, lactose, and minerals. However, if not properly managed, its acidic pH and high organic load can negatively impact the environment when discharged directly. Its protein content makes it a habitat for proteolytic bacteria that are capable of producing protease enzymes to hydrolyze proteins into peptides and amino acids. Moreover, the utilization of proteolytic bacteria from cheese whey offers a biotechnological solution for waste management while opening up opportunities for industrial applications, such as fermentation and the production of functional enzymes. The aim of this study is to analyze the protease activity of single bacterial isolates and bacterial consortia isolated from cheese whey and identify isolates based on 16S rDNA. The first stage of the research was screening pathogenicity based on hemolysis analysis using a blood agar medium. The second stage tested for synergism among isolates. The ability of isolates to produce proteolytic enzymes qualitatively and quantitatively, and then the identification of proteolytic bacterial species based on 16S rDNA. Hemolysis assay of eight isolates resulted in three isolates (A8, C7, and C8) showing gamma hemolysis. The protease activity assay of three isolates was measured at an incubation period of 0-72 hours; the consortium (cn) isolate exhibited the highest activity of 0.47 U/mL U/mL. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, isolate A8 was identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus 36QC2CO with a similarity of 98.04%, isolate C7 was identified as S. saprophyticus WWi54 with a similarity of 97.81%, and isolate C8 was identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis 2322 with a similarity of 97.6%.
In Silico Screening of Medicinal Plant-Derived Compounds Against Spodoptera litura: In Silico Screening of Medicinal Plant-Derived Compounds Against Spodoptera litura Jiang, Yingying; Kuppusamy Alagesan, Paari
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.01.20

Abstract

Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major agricultural pest in the Asia-Pacific region, causing significant crop damage. Current pest control strategies heavily rely on chemical pesticides, leading to environmental concerns and rapid resistance development. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were used to investigate bio-compounds from three medicinal plants - Vitex negundo, Artemisia nilagirica, and Portulaca oleracea—as potential eco-friendly pest management alternatives. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 28 phytochemicals, of which 14 conformed to Lipinski’s Rule of Five, which were selected as ligands. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to evaluate ligand interactions with four key target proteins in Spodoptera litura: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES), ecdysone receptor (EcR) and juvenile hormone (JH). Among the tested compounds, oxalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl hexyl ester, and (11Z)-13-methyl-11-tetradecenyl acetate exhibited the highest binding affinities (-8.4 to -6.5 kcal/mol), suggesting their potential as inhibitory agents. Normal mode analysis (NMA) revealed low eigenvalues of the complexes, ranging from 9.699226×10-5 to 3.071589×10-4, indicating flexibility and requiring minimal energy for conformational changes. Deformability was highest in hinge regions, while variance analysis confirmed inverse proportionality across the complexes. The B-factor graph highlighted stable mobility and the root mean square (RMS) of the 3D conformer structures. Elastic network graphs displayed residue interactions as dots, with darker grey areas signifying greater stiffness. ADME/T analysis showed that these compounds possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including efficient absorption and metabolism, while exhibiting no significant risks of mutagenicity or cardiotoxicity. These findings further support the suitability of Oxalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl hexyl ester, and (11Z)-13-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl acetate as promising candidates for advancing sustainable and eco-friendly pest management approaches. Furthermore, the potential of identified plant-derived compounds as novel biopesticides contributes to sustainable and environmentally responsible pest management strategies.
Genomic Characterization and Transcriptomic Profiling of Phospholipase A Superfamily in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao): Genome-wide analysis of the phospholipase A genes in cocoa Nguyen, Quy Phuong; Vu, Xuan Duong; Chu, Ngoc Thi Bich; Tran, Lan Thi Mai; Chu, Ha Duc; La, Hong Viet; Dong, Huy Gioi; Tran, Huyen Thi Thanh; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/res8c250

Abstract

This study investigates the phospholipase A (PLA) superfamily in cocoa (Theobroma cacao), providing a comprehensive analysis of its genomic organization, structural diversity, and functional roles. A total of 19 PLA1 and 20 PLA2 genes were identified, with detailed assessments of their chromosomal locations, protein properties, and exon-intron structures. Phylogenetic analysis established evolutionary relationships with PLA proteins from other species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). Of our interest, transcriptomic profiling under biotic stress caused by Phytophthora megakarya infection and during embryo development revealed distinct expression patterns, demonstrating the involvement of PLA genes in stress responses and key developmental processes. Taken together, these findings provide valuable insights into the roles of PLA genes in cacao biology and offer a foundation for future applications to improve cacao’s resilience and productivity through genetic and biotechnological strategies.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Superfamily in Cassava (Manihot esculenta): Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Insights: Genome-wide analysis of the ALDH genes in cassava Tran, Vinh Thanh; Le, Man Thi; Nguyen, Anh Thi Ngoc; Dong, Huy Gioi; Le, Quynh Thi Ngoc; Cao, Phi Bang; Chu, Ha Duc
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/qc82wn93

Abstract

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a vital enzyme superfamily involved in cellular detoxification, metabolism, and stress responses in plants. Despite their known roles in various species, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the ALDH gene superfamily in cassava (Manihot esculenta), a key drought-tolerant crop, remains limited. This study systematically identified and characterized 29 ALDHs in the cassava genome, classifying them into distinct families based on sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships. Structural and physicochemical analysis revealed notable variations in gene length, exon-intron organization, and protein properties, indicating functional diversity within the family. Of our interest, expression profiling across 11 different organs/tissues showed that several ALDHs exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns, suggesting their potential roles in diverse physiological processes. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis under drought stress conditions revealed significant changes in ALDH gene expression, with specific members being strongly up-regulated and down-regulated, implying their involvement in drought tolerance mechanisms. The findings provide new insights into the potential roles of ALDHs in cassava's ability to mitigate oxidative stress and enhance drought resilience. This study serves as a foundation for further functional characterization of ALDHs and offers valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at improving cassava’s adaptation to environmental stresses. Understanding these genetic mechanisms will contribute to developing stress-resistant cultivars, ensuring sustainable cassava production in drought-prone regions.
Population Density and Habitat Preferences of the Rinjani Scops Owl (Otus jolandae) in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Lombok, Indonesia: Population density and habitat preference of Otus jolandae Permatasari, Baiq Dewi; Suana, I Wayan; Hadiprayitno, Gito; Tresnani, Galuh
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/e0jyvz11

Abstract

The Rinjani Scops Owl (Otus jolandae) is an endemic species of Lombok, closely associated with Mount Rinjani National Park. In 2023, its range was newly recorded in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ), extending its known distribution. Understanding the population density and habitat preferences of this bird is crucial for effective management and conservation. From April to June 2024, a study was conducted in Mandalika SEZ, covering an area of 1,175 hectares. The point count method was used to record individuals based on sightings and calls. Vegetation analysis was performed at observation sites to identify preferred tree species and calculate habitat preferences using the selection index. Twenty-three individuals of O. jolandae were observed across seven sites, with a population density of 0.02 individuals per hectare—lower than densities recorded in Mount Rinjani National Park—which reflects the significant ecological pressures from development activities. The habitat includes 21 tree species, but the owl actively uses only 14 for activities such as perching, roosting, and nesting. Samanea saman had the highest preference index (3.424), making it the most favored tree, followed by Gmelina arborea and Nauclea orientalis. The species relies heavily on large-diameter trees and the middle canopy layer, reflecting its need for stable and protective habitats. This study provides essential data for future conservation programs and highlights the Mandalika SEZ’s potential as a birdwatching ecotourism destination featuring this unique endemic species
Design, Construction and Expression of Spike Highly Conserved Region (HCR) SARS-CoV-2 and Cholera Toxin Subunit B Fusion Protein in Lactococcus lactis NZ3900: Construction of recombinant plasmid in Lactococcus lactis Kesuma, Suryanata; Adianingsih, Oktavia Rahayu; Winarsih, Sri; Widodo, Nashi; Yurina, Valentina
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/2xf1qp96

Abstract

Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission has primarily been achieved through vaccination, which is generally administered via injection and may cause discomfort. No commercially available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can be administered via the mucosal route. However, recent advancements have demonstrated that vaccination with Lactococcus lactis enables vaccine delivery through the mucosa. A promising target for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine materials is the highly conserved region (HCR) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (SARS-CoV-2 HCR Spike). Vaccine efficacy is enhanced by adding Cholera Toxin Subunit B (CTB) as an adjuvant. HCR and CTB proteins were recombinantly fused using a synthetic gene with optimized codons. This study aimed to construct a fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and CTB in L. lactis strain NZ3900. The construction and expression of fusion proteins were analyzed using sequencing and protein electrophoresis. Codon optimization resulted in a Codon Adaptation Index value of 0.93 and a GC content of 27.06%. The cloning results revealed the formation of L. lactis colonies expressing the Fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 HCR Spike and CTB, which formed yellow colonies on the selection Elicker medium. PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of the hcr-ctb gene, with a length of 981 bp and 100% sequence similarity. The Fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 HCR Spike and CTB was successfully expressed with a molecular weight of >35 kDa. In conclusion, we successfully constructed a Fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 HCR Spike and CTB in L. lactis NZ3900 as a potential vaccine candidate for oral administration to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Ecophysiology of Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata) in the Pucung River, A Former Fossil Excavation Site: The ecophysiology of guppy fish in the Pucung river Beanal, Yohanis; Nugroho, Rully Adi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/bvykkg34

Abstract

Exposing land surfaces through fossil excavation activities can increase sediment loads and toxic chemicals that are discharged into water bodies. This can have negative effects on receiving environments and their habitats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dry body weight and physiology (whole body lipid and protein contents) of guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) in Pucung River, a former archaeological excavation site in Sangiran, Indonesia. Little is known about their physiology in this river. Guppy fish and water were sampled from eight sites along the Pucung River, two sites (Site 1 and Site 2) were situated upstream of the archeological excavation site, one site (Site 3) was at the archeological excavation site, and five sites (Site 4 - Site 8) were situated downstream of the archeological excavation site. The distance between the two sites was 500 m. The length and total weight of captured male fish were measured. Lipid and protein contents of male fish were determined gravimetrically, and the results were conveyed as Joules. A total of 240 male individuals were captured with a length between 1.24 and 3.95 cm. The weight of male guppies varied between 13.0 and 38.2 mg. Male guppies' average lipid and protein contents ranged from 0.0509 J to 0.2635 J and 0.0842 J to 0.1648 J, respectively. The smallest weights and lipid contents among individuals were found in the excavation site (Site 3) and a site downstream (Site 4). These individuals also had the smallest protein contents, along with those from Site 5 to Site 7. Fish dry weight and lipid content were positively correlated with water pH and dissolved oxygen, and negatively correlated with biological oxygen demand. These findings showed that guppy dry weight and lipid content may be utilized to assess the impact of human activities on river health.
Evaluation of Jackfruit Peel Extract as a Low-Cost Medium for Spirulina platensis Culture: Evaluation of Jackfruit Peel Extract for Spirulina Platensis Culture Hossain, Md. Amzad; Fahmida Jahan Riya; Das, Mousumi; Fouzia Sultana Bristy; Taslima Akter; Md. Shah Alam Sarker
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/xq937835

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a nutrient-rich blue-green alga, ideal for use as a human food and an animal feed supplement. The Kosaric medium (KM) provides optimal biomass production for Spirulina sp.; however, it is expensive and inaccessible. This study evaluated the potential of jackfruit peel powder extract (JPE) as a low-cost source of nutrients for S. platensis cultivation. The production performance of S. platensis was evaluated for 24 days in four concentrations of JPE medium (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%), each supplemented with 3.0 g/l NaHCO₃ and 1.25 g/l NaNO₃. Cultivation of S. platensis with KM served as the control. Maximum cell biomass (48.27 ± 0.36 mg/l), optical density (1.51 ± 0.02), specific growth rate (0.60 ± 0.02 μg/day), chlorophyll a (5.14 ± 0.03 μg/ml), chlorophyll b (3.95 ± 0.04 μg/ml), and β-Carotene (2.58 ± 0.05 μg/ml) of S. platensis were observed in KM (control) at the 20th days of culture. Similar results were obtained at 2.5% JPE medium (cell biomass: 47.47 ± 0.49 mg/l; optical density 1.49 ± 0.02, specific growth rate: 0.58 ± 0.02 μg/day; chlorophyll a 5.09 ± 0.04 μg/ml; chlorophyll b 3.93 ± 0.04 μg/ml, β-carotene 2.55 ± 0.05 μg/ml). All the growth parameters tend to decrease gradually with the further increase in concentration of the JPE medium. JPE medium of 2.5% supplemented with NaHCO3 and NaNO3 produced comparable growth and pigment content of S. platensis to KM, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective alternative culture medium for S. platensis.

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