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Cover Vol. 8, No. 3, November 2019 Teknik Elektro, Jurnal Nasional
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

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The Use of Instrumentation Amplifiers and Voltage-to-Current Converter In a Process Control : Simulation and Implementation Wardhana, Arief Wisnu; Zulfa, Mulki Indana
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Signal in the form of voltage are often need to be transmitted when we deal with measurement. However, voltage signal transmission creates many problems. The series resistance that appears between the output of the signal conditioner and the load produces some voltage drop. Even a few millivolts of the voltage drops could significantly alter the percentage error of the measurement. Current signal is the same everywhere in a series loop. So, by converting the signal into a current and then sending the current signal will assures that the load will receive all of the signal we sent. In this paper, a simulation and an implementation of using instrumentation amplifiers and V-I converter for sending a voltage signal has been conducted. The process variable being measured is a differential pressure that is sensed by a pressure sensor. The output voltage signal was then amplified by an instrumentation amplifier and fed to a V-I converter for transmission purpose. The results is an increase in output current when the presssure was increased. It can be concluded that the instrumentation amplifier and V-I converter are the devices that are properly used for a voltage signal transmission.Â Â Keywords : Instrumentation amplifiers, signal transmission, V-I converter, voltage signal, current signal, pressure sensors.

Kinerja Panel Surya Apung Pada Kulong Pasca Tambang Timah Gusa, Rika Favoria; Puriza, M. Yonggi; Tiandho, Yuant; Sunanda, Wahri
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Tin mining in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, leaving a basin called the kulong. Kulong has an irregular landscape and contains very small amount of nutrients. Basically, kulong can be a storage place for water reserves to support the fisheries sector. But often, kulong water has poor dissolved oxygen concentration so that it is not suitable for fish growth. Therefore it needs an aeration system that can supply oxygen. The development of integrated aeration technology with floating solar panels in the kulong area is an interesting alternative solution to be developed. The floating solar panel system consists of a 50 Wp solar panel which is floated on a rectangular 4â€ PVC pipe and connected to a solar charge controller (MPPT), sealed lead-acid battery 12V 12 Ah and a 12V DC aerator as a source of aeration. An aluminum heatsink is installed at the bottom of the solar panel to transfer heat from solar panel to the kulong water so that temperature gets drop and the solar panel can produce higher voltage than solar panel placed on land. The voltage of the floating solar panel with the heatsink is higher on average 0.41V so that the average power generated by the floating solar panel is also about 2% higher than the power generated by solar panel on land.Key Words: Floating Solar Panel, Tin Kulong and AerationAbstrakPenambangan timah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung menyisakan cekungan yang disebut dengan kulong. Kulong memiliki lanskap yang tidak beraturan serta hanya mengandung unsur hara dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil. Pada dasarnya kulong dapat menjadi tempat penyimpanan cadangan air untuk mendukung sektor perikanan. Tetapi seringkali air kulong memiliki kadar konsentrasi oksigen terlarut yang buruk sehingga tidak baik bagi pertumbuhan ikan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sistem aerasi yang dapat menyuplai oksigen. Pengembangan teknologi aerasi yang terintegrasi dengan panel surya apung di area kulong adalah solusi alternatif yang menarik untuk dikembangkan. Sistem panel surya apung terdiri dari panel surya 50 Wp yang diapungkan di atas pipa PVC 4â€ berbentuk persegi panjang dan dihubungkan dengan solar charge controller (MPPT), sealed lead-acid battery 12V 12 Ah dan aerator 12V DC sebagai sumber aerasi. Heatsink berbahan aluminium dipasang di bawah panel surya untuk mengalirkan panas dari panel surya ke air kulong sehingga suhu turun dan dapat menghasilkan tegangan lebih tinggi daripada panel yang diletakkan di darat. Tegangan panel surya apung dengan heatsink lebih tinggi rata-rata 0,41V sehingga rata-rata daya yang dibangkitkan oleh panel surya apung juga lebih tinggi sekitar 2% dibandingkan dengan daya yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya di darat.Kata Kunci : Panel Surya Apung, Kulong Timah dan Aerasi

Potential for Energy Savings in Educational Institutions in Ghana Twumasi, Elvis; Frimpong, Emmanuel Asuming; Novihoho, Leslie
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

This paper presents the results of an energy audit carried out to assess the potential of energy savings in educational institutions in Ghana using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) as the case study institution. It also outlines a simple and effective technique for such an audit. The College of Engineering; one of the six Colleges of KNUST was used as the study location. Light bulbs and fans at the classrooms, corridors, laboratories and washrooms were monitored for energy wastage. The monitoring period was one month. The energy wastage over the period was estimated to be 1718.24kWh, which is high. The yearly energy wastage at KNUST for the areas assessed is projected to be 95.276MWh, which is alarming. Urgent steps are therefore needed to curb this wastage.Keywords: Energy auditing, Energy efficiency, Energy efficiency measures, Energy saving and EnergyÂ wastage

Analisa Kinerja Automatic Voltage Regulator Dalam Domain Waktu Menggunakan Metoda Ziegler-Nichols Dengan Pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time Laksono, Heru Dibyo; Riska, N.; Novizon, Novizon
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Electric power systems produce power that can be used for various purposes. The distribution of electrical power and its relationship to the voltage and current generated by the generator. Voltage can change with changes in load. The change of voltage is undesirable due to it can cause disturbances to the power system. A device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is used to maintain the voltage stable. This AVR is equipped with a control system to get the voltage stability following the specified criteria. In this study, the Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) method is used with the First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) approach. FOPDT is used for AVR control based on frequency response and transfer function methods. AVR used is direct current type AVR. The design that fulfils the criteria for controlling the voltage transfer response of direct current type AVR systems is the Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller. This PID is designed using the Ziegler-Nichols method with the FOPDT approach based on the transfer function method. Information on the simulation results of the direct current type of system switching AVR response is obtained where the steady-state error value is 0.0000, the rise time value is 0.6114 seconds, the peak time value is 1.4391 seconds, the peak value is 1.1492 seconds, the maximum throughput is 14.942% and time to state steady reaches value at 2.5562 seconds. The values of parameter control are k of 13.2000, L of 0.4283, T of 1.0817, Proportional constant (Kp) of 0.2296, integral time constant (Ti) of 0.8564 and differential time constant (Td) of 4.6667.KeywordsÂ :Â Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator,Â Transient analysisÂ AbstrakSistem tenaga listrik menghasilkan daya yang dapat di gunakan untuk berbagai keperluan. Penyaluran daya listrik ini erta hubungan nya dengan tegangan dan arus yang di hasilkan oleh pembangkit. Tegangan dapat berubah-ubah dengan berubahnya beban. Perubahan tegangan ini tidak diinginkan karena dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem tenaga. Untuk menjaga agar tegangan tetap stabil digunakan Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). AVR ini dilengkapi dengan sistim pengendalian untuk mendapatkan kestabilan tegangan sesuai dengan kriteria yang di tetapkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metoda Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan tanggapan frekuensi dan metoda fungsi alih sebagai metoda pengendali AVR dan AVR yang digunakan adalah AVR tipe arus searah.Pengendali yang memenuhi kriteria rancangan untuk pengendalian tanggapan peralihan tegangan sistem AVR tipe arus searah adalah pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID). Pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID) ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metoda Ziegler-Nichols dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan metoda fungsi alih. Informasi hasil simulasi tanggapan peralihan sistem AVR tipe arus searah yang diperoleh dimana nilai kesalahan keadaan mantap sebesar 0.0000, nilai waktu naik sebesar 0.6114 detik, nilai waktu puncak sebesar 1.4391 detik, nilai puncak sebesar 1.1492 detik, nilai lewatan maksimum sebesar 14.942 % dan nilai waktu keadaan mantap sebesar 2.5562 detik. Untuk nilai parameterÂ pengendali yang digunakan adalah k sebesar 13.2000, L sebesar 0.4283, T sebesar 1.0817, konstanta Proporsional (Kp) sebesar 0.2296, konstanta waktu integral (Ti)Â sebesar 0.8564 dan konstanta waktu diferensial (Td) sebesar 4.6667.Kata Kunci :Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Analis peralihan

Penentuan Posisi Sudut Matahari Menggunakan ANFIS dalam Aplikasi Tracker Panel Surya Irfan, Muhammad; Pakaya, Ilham; Faruq, Amrul
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Solar panels have constraints on output power that are not large enough and they are highly depend on natural conditions. Solar panel power depends on the intensity of sunlight received and the temperature of the surrounding environment. In order to get the maximum output power of the solar panel, an additional device called the solar tracker is needed. This research has contributed to increasing the output power of solar panels by directing solar panels perpendicular to sunlight. The use of this research is very useful in the application of the multi-axis tracker application from the sun. By knowing the rising angle of the sun every morning and the circulation angle to sunset, the tracker will work quickly so that the energy used for movement is very small. The reference angle generated by the ANFIS training algorithm is more accurate because the calculated data will be confirmed again by the sensor. And this system can work offline, without being connected to a data center, so it can be used in remote or isolated areas.Keywords : Sun Tracking System, MPPT, ANFIS, Solar PanelsÂ AbstrakPanel surya memiliki kendala pada daya keluaran yang tidak cukup besar dan sangat tergantung oleh kondisi alam. Daya panel surya sangat tergantung dari intensitas cahaya matahari yang diterima dan suhu lingkungan sekitar. Agar mendapatkan daya keluaran panel surya yang maksimal dibutuhkan perangkat tambahan yang disebut tracker matahari. Penelitian ini memiliki kontribusi dalam meningkatkan daya keluaran panel surya dengan mengarahkan panel surya tegak lurus dengan cahaya matahari. Penggunaan penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat dalam penerapan aplikasi tracker multiaxis dari matahari. Dengan mengetahui sudut terbitnya matahari pada setiap pagi hari dan sudut edar sampai dengan terbenam, tracker akan bekerja dengan cepat sehingga energi yang digunakan untuk pergerakan sangat kecil. Sudut referensi yang dihasilkan oleh algoritma pelatihan ANFIS, lebih akurat karena data hasil perhitungan akan dikonfirmasi kembali oleh sensor. Serta sistem ini dapat bekerja secara offline, tanpa terhubung dengan pusat data, sehingga dapat digunakan pada area terpencil atau terisolasi.Kata Kunci : Posisi Sudut Matahari, MPPT, ANFIS, Panel SuryaÂ Â

Analisa Potensi Embung Itera Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Pico Hydro (PLTPH) Corio, Dean; Kananda, Kiki; Salsabila S, Khansa
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) has 5 reservoirs with lip embankment construction higher than the normal water level and have steep elevations with different catchment areas (DTA). By using the Google Earth Pro software, it is known that DTA reservoirs A, B, C, D, and E are respectively 1.728 ha; 1,146 ha; 1,052 ha; 0.844 ha; and 9.562 ha. This study aims to determine the potential energy that might be generated from the 5 reservoirs while still considering the integrity of the ecosystem. The power plant is in the form of a Pico hydro power plant that can be used as a power plant practicum media by Itera students, especially electrical engineering study program students. The power plant's rapid pipe is designed to be installed 1 meter below the normal water level and the operating time is based on the rain discharge that is accommodated by the reservoir in one month. The method used is field observation, rainfall data collection, calculations using practical rational methods and hydropower hydraulics. The results of data processing of five reservoirs owned by ITERA show that the greatest potential that can be used as a source of electricity generation is reservoirs E. The analysis shows that the discharge capacity of 0.216 m3 / s and an effective head of 5.46 m can produce an electric power generated of 7,071 kW with operational time at April.Keywords : Discharge, Rain Intensity,Â Pico Hydro.AbstrakInstitut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) memiliki 5 embung dengan konstruksi bibir embungÂ lebih tinggi dari batas muka air normalnya serta memiliki elevasi curam dengan luasan Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) masing masing-nya berbeda. Melalui software Google Earth Pro diketahui luas DTA embung A, B, C, D, dan E secara berturut-turut yaitu 1,728 ha; 1,146 ha; 1,052 ha; 0,844 ha; dan 9,562 ha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi energi yang mungkin dibangkitkan dari 5 embung tersebut dengan tetap mempertimbangkan keutuhan ekosistemnya. Pembangkit berupa pembangkit listrik tenaga pico hydro yang dapatÂ digunakan sebagai media praktikum pembangkit tenaga listrik oleh mahasiswa Itera, khususnya mahasiswa program studi teknik elektro. Pipa pesat pembangkit listrik didesain terpasang 1 meter dibawah muka air normal dan waktu pengoperasian berdasarkan debit hujan yang tertampung oleh embung dalam satu bulan. Metoda yang dilakukan adalah observasi lapangan, pengumpulan data curah hujan, perhitungan menggunakan metode rasional praktis dan persamaan daya hidraulik tenaga air. Hasil pengolahan data lima embung yang dimiliki Itera didapatkan potensi terbesar yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pembangkit listrik adalah embung E. Hasil analisa menunjukkan debit tampungan 0,216 m3/s dan head efektif 5,46 m dapat menghasilkan daya listrik terbangkitkan sebesar 7,071 kW dengan waktu operasional pada bulan April.Kata Kunci : Debit, Intensitas Hujan, Pico Hydro.

Potential for Energy Savings in Educational Institutions in Ghana Elvis Twumasi; Emmanuel Asuming Frimpong; Leslie Novihoho
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

This paper presents the results of an energy audit carried out to assess the potential of energy savings in educational institutions in Ghana using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) as the case study institution. It also outlines a simple and effective technique for such an audit. The College of Engineering; one of the six Colleges of KNUST was used as the study location. Light bulbs and fans at the classrooms, corridors, laboratories and washrooms were monitored for energy wastage. The monitoring period was one month. The energy wastage over the period was estimated to be 1718.24kWh, which is high. The yearly energy wastage at KNUST for the areas assessed is projected to be 95.276MWh, which is alarming. Urgent steps are therefore needed to curb this wastage.Keywords: Energy auditing, Energy efficiency, Energy efficiency measures, Energy saving and Energy wastage

The Use of Instrumentation Amplifiers and Voltage-to-Current Converter In a Process Control : Simulation and Implementation Arief Wisnu Wardhana; Mulki Indana Zulfa
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Signal in the form of voltage are often need to be transmitted when we deal with measurement. However, voltage signal transmission creates many problems. The series resistance that appears between the output of the signal conditioner and the load produces some voltage drop. Even a few millivolts of the voltage drops could significantly alter the percentage error of the measurement. Current signal is the same everywhere in a series loop. So, by converting the signal into a current and then sending the current signal will assures that the load will receive all of the signal we sent. In this paper, a simulation and an implementation of using instrumentation amplifiers and V-I converter for sending a voltage signal has been conducted. The process variable being measured is a differential pressure that is sensed by a pressure sensor. The output voltage signal was then amplified by an instrumentation amplifier and fed to a V-I converter for transmission purpose. The results is an increase in output current when the presssure was increased. It can be concluded that the instrumentation amplifier and V-I converter are the devices that are properly used for a voltage signal transmission. Keywords : Instrumentation amplifiers, signal transmission, V-I converter, voltage signal, current signal, pressure sensors.

Analisa Kinerja Automatic Voltage Regulator Dalam Domain Waktu Menggunakan Metoda Ziegler-Nichols Dengan Pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time Heru Dibyo Laksono; N. Riska; Novizon Novizon
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Electric power systems produce power that can be used for various purposes. The distribution of electrical power and its relationship to the voltage and current generated by the generator. Voltage can change with changes in load. The change of voltage is undesirable due to it can cause disturbances to the power system. A device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is used to maintain the voltage stable. This AVR is equipped with a control system to get the voltage stability following the specified criteria. In this study, the Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) method is used with the First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) approach. FOPDT is used for AVR control based on frequency response and transfer function methods. AVR used is direct current type AVR. The design that fulfils the criteria for controlling the voltage transfer response of direct current type AVR systems is the Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller. This PID is designed using the Ziegler-Nichols method with the FOPDT approach based on the transfer function method. Information on the simulation results of the direct current type of system switching AVR response is obtained where the steady-state error value is 0.0000, the rise time value is 0.6114 seconds, the peak time value is 1.4391 seconds, the peak value is 1.1492 seconds, the maximum throughput is 14.942% and time to state steady reaches value at 2.5562 seconds. The values of parameter control are k of 13.2000, L of 0.4283, T of 1.0817, Proportional constant (Kp) of 0.2296, integral time constant (Ti) of 0.8564 and differential time constant (Td) of 4.6667.Keywords : Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Transient analysis AbstrakSistem tenaga listrik menghasilkan daya yang dapat di gunakan untuk berbagai keperluan. Penyaluran daya listrik ini erta hubungan nya dengan tegangan dan arus yang di hasilkan oleh pembangkit. Tegangan dapat berubah-ubah dengan berubahnya beban. Perubahan tegangan ini tidak diinginkan karena dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem tenaga. Untuk menjaga agar tegangan tetap stabil digunakan Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). AVR ini dilengkapi dengan sistim pengendalian untuk mendapatkan kestabilan tegangan sesuai dengan kriteria yang di tetapkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metoda Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan tanggapan frekuensi dan metoda fungsi alih sebagai metoda pengendali AVR dan AVR yang digunakan adalah AVR tipe arus searah.Pengendali yang memenuhi kriteria rancangan untuk pengendalian tanggapan peralihan tegangan sistem AVR tipe arus searah adalah pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID). Pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID) ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metoda Ziegler-Nichols dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan metoda fungsi alih. Informasi hasil simulasi tanggapan peralihan sistem AVR tipe arus searah yang diperoleh dimana nilai kesalahan keadaan mantap sebesar 0.0000, nilai waktu naik sebesar 0.6114 detik, nilai waktu puncak sebesar 1.4391 detik, nilai puncak sebesar 1.1492 detik, nilai lewatan maksimum sebesar 14.942 % dan nilai waktu keadaan mantap sebesar 2.5562 detik. Untuk nilai parameter pengendali yang digunakan adalah k sebesar 13.2000, L sebesar 0.4283, T sebesar 1.0817, konstanta Proporsional (Kp) sebesar 0.2296, konstanta waktu integral (Ti) sebesar 0.8564 dan konstanta waktu diferensial (Td) sebesar 4.6667.Kata Kunci :Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Analis peralihan

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Abstract

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Contact Name
Syafii

Contact Email
jnte@ft.unand.ac.id

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
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Location
Kota padang,

Sumatera barat

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