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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020" : 11 Documents clear
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH-BASED FUNCTIONAL EDIBLE FILM Aceng Lesti; Gita Cristy; Selly Agustina; Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9320

Abstract

Abstrak-Pengemasan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang diperlukan pada produk makanan. Jenis pengemasan yang sering digunakan adalah plastik, namun sifatnya yang nonbiodregadable akan memunculkan permasalahan baru. Oleh karena itu dikembangkan edible film, yang merupakan suatu kemasan primer ramah lingkungan serta dapat dimakan. Salah satu sumber daya alam lokal Kalimantan Selatan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan edible film tersebut adalah ubi Alabio ungu dengan cangkang kulit telur sebagai produk limbah utama industri makanan yang dijadikan filler untuk bahan campuran penyusun edible film. Kombinasi penggunaan cangkang kulit telur ini karena penggunaan tunggal pada edible film seperti pati masih kurang baikSelain itu, penambahan ekstrak kelakai bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan edible film. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan filler pada edible film terhadap sifat fisik dan kimianya, serta penambahan bahan antioksidan untuk membuat edible film fungsional.Metode Penelitian yang akan digunakan untuk pengkajian dalam penelitian ini berupa studi literatur. Data yang diperoleh dikompilasi, dianalisis, dan disimpulkan sehingga mendapatkan kesimpulan mengenai studi literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Hasil yang diperolah dari penelitian penambahan ekstrak kelakai dan filler cangkang telur ayam mendapatkan komposisi terbaik dari edible film yang dihasilkan dengan 10% tepung cangkang telur ayam dengan kandungan 5% ekstrak kelakai yang mempunyai ketebalan 0,174 mm, kuat tarik 1,5 MPa, panjang pemutusan 27,4%, transmisi uap air 10,83 g/m2 jam, scavenging activity 5,19% setelah 10 menit, uji biodegradasi bertahan sampai 5 hari dengan menggunakan media sosis. Karakteristik terbaik edible film pati ubi jalar diperoleh dari formulasi 10% (v/b pati) gliserol dengan ketebalan 0,06 mm, laju transmisi uap air 1,79 g/m2, elongasi 8,75% dan kekuatan tarik 0,75 Mpa. Edible Film yang dihasilkan dari penambahan kitosan akan menaikkan ketebalan film dan kuat tarik, namun menurunkan kelarutan, pemanjangan dan nilai laju transmisi uap air dari edible film yang terbentuk. Manfaat dari edible film fungsional ini dapat membantu memperpanjang umur simpan makanan dan ramah lingkungan. 
BIOETHANOL FROM GROUNDNUT SHELL WASTE WITH ACID HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION PROCESS Elvianto Dwi Daryono
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.8723

Abstract

Masalah keterbatasan bahan bakar minyak di belahan dunia termasuk Indonesia sudah memasuki tahapan yang serius dikarenakan sebagian besar masyarakat masih menggunakan minyak bumi sebagai sumber bahan bakar utama. Bioetanol merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dimana bahan bakar ini dapat dibuat dari bahan yang mengandung gula, pati, maupun serat sehingga dapat diperbaharui. Limbah kulit kacang tanah merupakan bahan baku yang sangat potensial karena kandungan seratnya cukup tinggi yaitu 54,38%. Limbah kulit kacang tanah sebagian besar dibuang sebagai limbah dan hanya sebagian kecil yang dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh massa ragi Saccharomyces cereviceae dan waktu fermentasi limbah kulit kacang tanah terhadap kadar etanol yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kulit kacang tanah dengan kadar selulosa awal 41%, hemiselulosa awal 1% dan lignin awal 14,3%. Setelah pretreatment dengan menggunakan larutan HNO3 0,5 N pada suhu 28⁰C selama 1 jam, kadar selulosa naik menjadi 55,2%, kadar hemiselulosa naik menjadi 5,9% dan kadar lignin turun menjadi 2,1%. Proses hidrolisa asam dengan 10 ml H2SO4 98% pada suhu 100⁰C selama 1 jam didapatkan kadar glukosa 23,698%. Dari hasil proses fermentasi anaerob yang dilakukan pada pH 4,5 didapatkan kadar etanol tertinggi yaitu 0,1729% dari hasil analisa GC pada fermentasi hari ke 9 dengan massa ragi Saccharomyces cereviceae sebanyak 9 gram.
PREPARATION OF AN ORGANOSILICA-BASED MEMBRANE FROM TEOS-MTES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DESALINATION OF WETLAND SALINE WATER Lilis Septyaningrum; Rahmawati Rahmawati; Fitri Ria Mustalifah; Aulia Rahma; Dewi Puspita Sari; Muthia Elma
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9392

Abstract

When hot season, South Kalimantan society which especially, in Muara Halyung village frequently go through clean water lacking. It becomes worst by water dirtied on wetland aquifer aftermath the seawater intrusion. Wetland water sources become saline and cannot be used for household needs. Organosilica membrane technology is one of methods can be used to remove salt contain in water. This study aims are to investigate the functionalization and organosilica membrane performance from TEOS-MTES which calcined on particularly temperature for wetland saline water desalination. Synthesis of organosilica sol was conducted by sol-gel method. Then the dried sol was calcined at 350°C and 600 °C, and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). Subsequently organosilica membrane was applicated for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation. The result shows organosilica membrane performance was obtained the water flux 10,55 and 0,87 kg.m-2h-1 which calcined at 350 and 600 °C. The salt rejection in all membrane exhibits extremely high over 99%. It evinces the organosilica membrane from TEOS-MTES which calcined at 350 °C is great to applicated for wetland saline water desalination by both of water fluxes and salt rejection showed high.
THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF A CENTRALIZED DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SEWERAGE SYSTEM NETWORK IN THE SOUTH AREA OF SURAKARTA Aprillia Bunga Firdaus; Arqowi Pribadi; Sulistiya Nengse; Teguh Taruna Utama; Widya Nilandita
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.8889

Abstract

Surakarta merupakan kota pertama dan menjadi kota percontohan di Indonesia untuk penerapan sistem sanitasi terpusat (off-site system). Kepadatan penduduk Kota Surakarta saat ini relatif tinggi dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk per-tahun mulai 2010-2018 adalah 0,435% serta kepadatan penduduk mencapai 11.718,78 jiwa/km2. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa cakupan pelayanan sanitasi terpusat Kota Surakarta untuk jalur selatan masih mencapai angka 21,99% sehingga perlu dilakukan optimalisasi dan atau pengembangan jaringan perpipaan sanitasi terpusat (off-site system). Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, perencanaan pengembangan jaringan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik terpusat Kota Surakarta jalur selatan akan direncanakan pemasangan pipa lateral dan sambungan rumah (SR). Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik terpusat (SPALD-T) jalur selatan Kota Surakarta menggunakan sistem gravitasi. Topografi wilayah jalur selatan Kota Surakarta relatif datar dengan elevasi berkisar antara 90 – 110 meter dan menyesuaikan dengan jaringan pipa sekunder maupun primer eksisting. Total sambungan rumah (SR) baru adalah sebanyak 175 SR yang terbagi atas 5 kelurahan. Dimensi pipa yang digunakan adalah sebesar 100 mm untuk pipa SR dan 150 mm untuk pipa lateral serta memiliki kecepatan swa bersih perhitungan <0,6 m/dt dan kedalaman galian <3meter. Total rencana anggaran biaya pada perencanaan ini adalah sebesar ± Rp 2.387.100.000,00.
EDIBLE FILM FUNCTIONAL OF BANANA PEEL AND CHICKEN EGG FLOUR WITH CINNAMON LEAF (Cinnamomum burmanii) EXTRACT Nor Asiyah; Agata Febby Ayuningtyas; Fitri Halisyah; Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9286

Abstract

The biggest obstacle to the food industry is the limited shelf life of products. One approach to reduce this problem is by using edible film. Edible film is a thin layer that can be consumed and as a protective food material against the environment such as water vapor, oxygen, and air humidity. This study aims to evaluate the edible film made in terms of the mass composition of chicken egg shell flour and banana peel flour, determine the optimum composition of the addition of cinnamon leaf extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a source of antioxidants, test the physical and chemical properties and the ability to apply the resulting edible film. Edible film was made from a mixture of chicken eggshell flour (5%, 10%, 15% w/w) and banana peel pectin (6 g) in distilled water (93.5 mL), then added with cinnamon leaf extract with various compositions (0.025). %, 0.050%, 0.075%, 0.10% v/v) then added glycerol (1.5 g). The mixture was heated to a temperature of ± 96 0C, 1000 rpm for 40 minutes. The best composition of the edible film produced with 10% chicken eggshell flour containing 0.10% cinnamon leaf extract. The benefits of this functional edible film can help to extend the shelf life of food and be environmentally friendly.
TRADITIONAL MARKET SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY IN KEPANJEN, MALANG DISTRICT Hardianto Hardianto; I Nyoman Sudiasa; Shendy Hilda Sari
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9080

Abstract

Traditional markets are commercial areas that produce household-type solid waste so that the generation, composition, and the characteristics of the solid waste in Kepanjen Market will be different. This research is related to the reduction potential to improve solid waste management with the aim of determining the generation, composition, characteristics, collection and the transportation of the solid waste. The data used in this study include operational technical solid waste data, as well as secondary data such as area, number of traders, solid waste management resources, collection facilities, transportation routes, supporting maps. Solid waste generation calculation uses load-count analysis method. Calculation of solid waste composition uses the crossroad method. Calculation of physical characteristics includes specific gravity of solid waste. Calculation of transportation of solid waste uses the Hauled Container System method. Mass balance is analyzed using recovery factor values. The results of the analysis show that the solid waste generation average is 2.94 m3/day, with a specific gravity of 190.03 kg/m3. The highest composition of solid waste is food solid waste by 28.67% and vegetable and fruit solid waste by 22.67%. These components can be used as compost raw materials. The potential reduction with the mass balance method shows that the residue is 201.49 kg/day, reduction scenario can reduce solid waste by 36.06% of the total load that must be transported to the Final Processing Site. The solid waste transport result with the capacity/size of 6-10 m3 of a transport vehicle (arm roll truck) shows that the effective working hours for 8 hours can pick up the solid waste in 1 trip, and the transport fleet can serve other markets.
POTENTIALS OF PLASTIC WASTE FOR MAKING BRICKETS: THE EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON PROCSIMATE ANALYSIS Erlinda Ningsih; Kartika Udyani
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.8824

Abstract

Penanganan untuk mengurangi dan pemanfaatan limbah plastik masih belum optimal. Volume limbah plastik terus bertambah seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Limbah plastik merupakan sumber pencemaran lingkungan yang sulit terdegradasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh komposisi arang limbah plastik sebagai bahan baku briket terhadap analisa proksimat. Limbah plastik yang digunakan adalah tutup botol dan kemasan makanan ringan. Pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 450oC untuk tutup botol dan 280oC untuk kemasan makanan ringan dengan lama prosesnya 60 menit. Ukuran partikel arang plastik adalah 40,60, dan 100 mesh. Komposisi arang plastik tutup botol dan makanan ringan dikombinasikan 1:90; 50:50; 90:1 dengan penambahan tepung tapioka sebagai perekat. Analisa yang dilakukan terhadap briket plastik ini adalah proksimat meliputi kandungan air, abu, volatile matter, karbon terikat dan nilai kalor. Berdasarkan hasil analisa proksimat didapatkan kandungan air 5,47%, kadar abu 4,95%, volatile matter 13, kadar karbon terikat 76,58% dan nilai kalor sebesar 8565,914 cal/gram. Data analisa proksimat yang didapatkan sudah memenuhi standar SNI. Kata kunci : Limbah, Plastik, Briket, Kompoisi, Proksimat.
MAKING PAPER FROM MIXTURE OF OIL PALM FRONDS (OPF) AND OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB) Nanna Nanna; Syahrul Rhamadhani; Siti Aminah; Aji Larasati Putri Riadi; Novy Pralisa Putri
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9079

Abstract

The oil palm industry produces solid waste such as oil palm fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), but the utilization of the OPEFB waste is still limited to composting. Even the palm fronds are only left on the farm without being processed. While both types of waste contain a lot of cellulose and can be processed into more economic value. In addition to compost, the two types of waste can be used as pulp and paper. Hence, in this study, the two wastes are processed into the paper with a variety of concentrations of solvents and mixtures. The aim is to determine the effect of solvent concentration in the process of making paper pulp and the effect of the comparison of the mixture of paper pulp with the characteristics of the paper produced. Each material is processed into pulp by the soda process using sodium hydroxide as a solvent. While the solvent concentration used is 20%, 30%, and 40% for materials from OPEFB, while the material from OPF is only mixed with 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Then the pulp, OPEFB pulp with various variations of solvent, mixed pulp with the ratio of OPF pulp and OPEFB pulp of 1: 3; 1: 1; and 3: 1 processed into paper. The resulting paper was analyzed to study folding strength, tear strength, and paper thickness. The results of the study prove that the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have smaller in the greater concentration of the solvent. By contrast, the thickness of the paper is greater. Besides, more the mass of OPEFB in the pulp mixture, then the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have less, while the thickness is decreasing. 
BIOCONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL ORGANIC WASTE USING BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE INTO COMPOST AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER Abdul Kahar; Muhammad Busyairi; Sariyadi Sariyadi; Agus Hermanto; Ari Ristanti
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9176

Abstract

Bioconversion of municipal organic waste using Black Soldier Fly larvae provides potential benefits. Apart from reducing municipal solid waste, BSF larvae (maggot) offer valuable added value as animal feed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of BSF larvae in the bioconversion process of municipal organic waste, to analyze the quality of the compost produced and to analyze the nutrition content of BSF larvae (maggot). BSF eggs in hatching are covered with gauze which are given organic waste feed, then after hatching they become BSF larvae transferred to enlargement media. BSF larvae are fed leftovers that enter the TPST, so that the enlargement medium is wet. Feeding leftovers from TPST is done every day. The rearing time for BSF larvae is for one life cycle. Maggot harvesting is carried out at the age of the larva about 2-3 weeks. The final products of organic waste bioconversion are BSF larvae (maggot), compost and POC. It was found that the BSF larvae (maggot) could reduce organic waste (municipal organic waste) by 47.75%. Where the ability of BSF larvae (maggot) to consume municipal organic waste is 26,1508 g waste / g maggot. The protein, crude fat and ash content in maggots which were given organic waste were 41.8%, 14.63% 9.12%, respectively.
FTIR STUDIES OF THE TEOS/TEVS XEROGEL STRUCTURE USING RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING METHOD Yanti Mawaddah; Linda Suci Wati; Erdina Lulu Atika Rampun; Anna Sumardi; Aptar Eka Lestari; Zaini Lambri Assyaifi; Muthia Elma
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9391

Abstract

The tetraethyl orthocycate (TEOS) is mainly used as a silica precursor. Silanol content of silica material is the main cause of low hydrostability which led to resulting in poor performance, especially in water treatment. The stronger bond strength formed by incorporating a carbon structure from triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS). The xerogel fabrication resulted in the composition of TEOS: TEVS: EtOH: HNO3: H2O: NH3 to be 0.9: 0.1: 38: 0.00078: 5: 0.0003.   . The purpose is to study the structure of organosilica xerogel calcined at 350oC, 450oC and 600oC in the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) using rapid thermal processing. The deconvolution of FTIR spectra calculated using the Fityk software. The result of the best xerogel peak shows at calcination of 450°C with peak area siloxane of 15.39, silanol of 3.32 and silica carbon of 3.85.

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