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PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
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Articles 518 Documents
Reafirmasi Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial dan Model Pertanggungjawaban Presidensial dalam Perubahan UUD 1945: Penelusuran Sebab dan Konsekuensi Dewansyah, Bilal; Zulfikar, M. Adnan Yazar
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 2 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Perubahan Ketiga UUD 1945 pada tahun 2001, menegaskan reafirmasi terhadap sistem presidensial. Namun, dalam proses Perubahan UUD 1945 berkembang juga semangat pembatasan kekuasaan Presiden, dengan memberikan kewenangan lebih kepada DPR sebagai lembaga legislatif, sebagaimana tercermin dalam Perubahan Pertama UUD 1945. Setelah perubahan, Presiden tidak lagi memiliki pertanggungjawaban politik. Hal tersebut melatarbelakangi dua permasalahan: Pertama, mengapa perubahan UUD 1945 menetapkan pilihan politik untuk melakukan reafirmasi terhadap sistem presidensial. Kedua, bagaimana konsekuensi perubahan tersebut pada pertanggungjawaban Presiden. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjawab kedua permasalahan tersebut: Pertama, menyelidiki sebab reafirmasi sistem presidensial pada perubahan UUD 1945. Kedua, menggambarkan konsekuensi perubahan UUD 1945 pada sistem pertanggungjawaban Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Tulisan ini akan dimulai dengan pembahasan pengantar mengenai perdebatan teoritis sistem pemerintahan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan sebab pilihan reafirmasi sistem presidensial dan pertanggungjawaban Presiden setelah perubahan UUD 1945. Hasil kajian tulisan ini menunjukan bahwa reafirmasi sistem presidensial dalam UUD 1945 dilatarbelakangi semangat membentuk pemerintahan yang stabil, namun juga dengan semangat membatasi kekuasaan Presiden, sehingga diberikan kekuasaan lebih kepada legislatif. Pengalaman masa lalu tentang kegagalan sistem parlementer juga menjadi alasan reafirmasi sistem presidensial. Perubahan UUD 1945 juga berkonsekuensi pada perubahan sistem pertanggungjawaban Presiden. Setelah perubahan UUD 1945, pertanggungjawaban yang dapat memberhentikan Presiden hanya melalui impeachment.Reaffirmation on Precidential Form of Government and Precidential Accountability System on Constitutional Amendments: The Search for Cause and Consequences AbstractThe Third Amendment of the 1945 Constitution has reaffirm presidential form of government. During the amendments, there is also spirit to restrict Presidential power by enumerating more powers to the DPR as the legislature. After the 1945 Constitution amended, President does not have the means of political accountability. It raises two issues: First, why did 1945 Constitutional amendments choose to reaffirm presidential system? Second, how the consequences of these amendments in the term of Presidential accountability? This paper aims to address both issues: First, investigating the reason of presidential system reaffirmation in 1945 Constitutional amendment. Second, describing the consequences of the 1945 Constitutional amendments to the presidential accountability system. This paper will begin with an introduction on type of government theoretical debate, and followed by an analysis of the reason behind presidential system reaffirmation in 1945 constitution amendment and the presidential accountability after these change. This paper shows that presidential system reaffirmation in 1945 constitutional amendments was motivated by the spirit to form a stable government with the spirit to limit presidential power in the same time, so it was done by enumerating more power to the legislature. After 1945 constitutional change, President can be dismissed only by impeachment.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n2.a4
Model Panduan Kriteria Desa Peduli Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Konteks Jawa Barat Junaenah, Inna; Sungkar, Lailani
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 3 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

Kewajiban negara terhadap hak asasi manusia akan terlaksana dan menguat jika daerah turut berperan, sebab secara substansi berbagai isu hak asasi manusia melekat dalam urusan pemerintahan daerah baik yang bersifat wajib maupun pilihan. Demikian pula dengan komitmen pemerintah terhadap tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, salah satunya adalah menjadikan pemerintah daerah khususnya desa dengan segala karakter dan potensi yang dimilikinya menjadi subjek pembangunan. Dalam rangka pengarusutamaan HAM dalam pembangunan hingga ke daerah, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia membentuk Peraturan Menteri tentang Kriteria Kabupaten/Kota Peduli HAM yang telah diperbaharui beberapa kali. Jika kriteria ini akan diterapkan untuk desa, maka diperlukan penyesuaian. Artikel ini merumuskan model kriteria desa peduli HAM untuk Jawa Barat. Beberapa penyesuaian dilakukan khususnya pada aspek kewenangan dan konteks sesuai dengan karakter desa. Model kriteria yang dihasilkan tidak diorientasikan untuk kompetisi, namun sebagai pedoman untuk menyusun tahapan-tahapan disertai evaluasi berkala. Model of Guidelines on Human Right Village in the Context of West Java Abstract The states obligations on human rights will be implemented and strengthened if the local government play a role, because substantially some human rights issues are inherent in the affairs of local government, which are distributed both ini obligatory and voluntary affairs. Similarly, the governments commitment to the goal of sustainable development, one of which is to make the local government, especially the village with all the characters and potentials it has become the subject of development. Emphasizing to the human rights mainstream, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights has established a Ministerial Regulation on the criteria of human rights city, that has been renewed several times. If these criteria will be applied to the village, adjustments are required. This article formulates a model of criteria for human rights villages for West Java. Some adjustments are made especially on the aspect of authority and context in accordance with the village character. The resulting criteria model is not oriented to competition, but as a guide for arranging the stages with periodic evaluations.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a4
Book Review: Jus Cogens – International Law and Social Contract Handayani, Irawati
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 3 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

This book is based on the doctoral thesis completed by the author as an International Scholar of the Cambridge Overseas Trust at the University of Cambridge. The main idea of the books lies on the fact that jus cogens still become one of the most complex doctrines in contemporary international law. The legal foundation of jus cogens is still questionable, whether it lies on natural law, positive law or even to higher or divine origin. However, there is general agreement that jus cogens represent the fundamental value in international society or so-called higher norm in international law. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n3.a11
Penyelesaian Konflik Berbasis Desa di Indonesia (Studi Kasus di Desa Yosorejo, Jawa Tengah)
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 1 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

Penyelesaian konflik berbasis desa harus menjadi acuan dalam pengembangan hukum di Indonesia yang semakin formalistik dan jauh dari rasa keadilan masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan karena pengaruh penerapan  sistem hukum warisan Belanda yang masih mendominasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris dengan mengumpulkan data melalui studi lapangan di Desa Yosorejo, Jawa Tengah, sebagai fakta yang kemudian menjadi argumen untuk mengkritisi lajunya formalisasi hukum di Indonesia di tengah derasnya infilterasi budaya asing dan perkembangan teknologi informasi. Keberhasilan masyarakat Desa Yosorejo dalam meredam dan meminimalisasi konflik diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk menganalisa kembali sistem hukum yang didasarkan kepada kearifan lokal sebagai hukum yang hidup dalam proses penyelesaian konflik.  Village-based Conflict Settlement in Indonesia (a Study in Village Yosorejo, Middle Java) AbstractAmidst the rigid and formal legal development, the local wisdom-based conflict settlement could be the alternative basis to farther the legal development in Indonesia. The rigid legal development is due to the overwhelmingly domination from the remnant of colonial Dutch legal system still inherited until today. This paper used empirical methodology through field study in Yosorejo Village, Middle Java Province. This paper will use the field study data as statement of fact as argument that the ongoing culture infiltration from foreigners and the massive technology development might adversely impact the existing situation of legal development in Indonesia. Therefore, the success of local people of Yosorejo Village to minimize conflict might become a turning point for the Indonesian government to take into account the development of local wisdom as a living law in conflict settlement processes in its current legal development.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n1.a9
Peningkatan Ketahanan Keluarga melalui Optimalisasi Pola Asuh Maternalistik dalam Pencegahan Kejadian Pedofilia Handayani, Trini
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 3 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

AbstrakPeningkatan kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak (pedofilia) merupakan permasalahan dalam perlindungan anak. Pada beberapa kasus pedofilia yang terungkap, pelaku pedofilia mengalami pola asuh keluarga yang menyimpang. Artikel ini mengungkap fakta-fakta kasus pedofilia di Indonesia, dampak dan persoalan hukumnya, serta peran keluarga melalui pola asuh sebagai upaya pencegahan. Pengetahuan tentang ragam kekerasan pada anak menjadi penting bagi masyarakat dan penegak hukum. Pola asuh maternalistik diharapkan juga dapat membantu mengurangi kasus pedofilia dan mencegah munculnya pedofil baru. Pencegahan terhadap kasus pedofilia dimulai dari keluarga dengan mengoptimalkan pola asuh oleh ibu atau pengganti ibu dalam keluarga sehingga anak mengetahui dan dapat menolong dirinya sendiri apabila ada kasus yang menimpa dirinya.Improvement of Family Security by Optimization of Maternalistic Parenting to Prevent PedophiliaAbstractThe increased numbers in sexual abuse to the children (pedophilia) has become a problems in child protection. In several convicted cases, it turned out that pedophiles experienced deviated parenting system. This article uncovers the facts of pedophilia cases in Indonesia, its impact, legal matters, and parents role in parenting system as an effort to prevent pedophilia. The general knowledge regarding the types of child abuse has also become important for both the society and law enforcement officers. In other hand, maternalistic parenting system is expected to help prevent any new pedophilia cases as well as preventing new pedophilia. The prevention of pedophilia cases began from the family by optimizing the role of mother or mother figure in a family to make sure that children have the knowledge on pedophilia and how to protect themselves from such cases.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3.n3.a6
Sikap Anti Korupsi di Kalangan Siswa dan Mahasiswa dalam Mewujudkan Penyelenggaraan Negara Anti Korupsi dan Berbasis Keadilan Surono, Agus
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 2 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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AbstrakKebijakan negara dalam melakukan pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia harus mem-perhatikan tiga aspek yang berbeda sifatnya, yaitu: politik, hukum, dan korupsi yang menyatu. Lebih lanjut lagi, masyarakat juga sangat menentukan keberhasilan pencegahan terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi. Untuk menumbuhkan budaya hukum masyarakat, perlu dilakukan sejak pendidikan di usia dini dalam berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menumbuhkan sikap anti korupsi dapat melalui kampanye/sosialisasi dengan berbagai pihak khususnya kepada siswa pelajar mulai dari siswa SD, siswa SMP, siswa SMA, serta kalangan mahasiswa. Oleh karena itu, seluruh elemen masyarakat termasuk perguruan tinggi dengan bekerja sama dengan pemerintah baik di pusat maupun di daerah harus melaksanakan program tersebut. Menumbuhkan sikap anti korupsi sejak dini tersebut dimulai dengan jenjang pendidikan dari play group ke mahasiswa merupakan langkah konkrit yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka mewujudkan penyelenggaraan negara yang anti korupsi dan berbasis keadilan.Anti-Corruption Attitude in Students and College Students on Implementing a Justice-Based and Anti-Corruption StateAbstractThe state policy in combatting corruption in Indonesia must pay attention to three different aspects, such as: politics, law, and integrated corruption. Furthermore, the people will also determine the success of the prevention of corruption. In order to foster a culture of legal awareness on anti-corruption, it should begin from education at an early age in the various levels of education through campaigns/familiarization with the various parties, especially to students ranging from elementary, junior, senior high school, and all the way to college students. Therefore all elements of society, including universities in cooperation with governments at both central and regional governments, should implement the programs. Thus, fostering an attitude of anti-corruption early on began with an education level from play group to college students is a concrete step that can be done in order to realize the implementation of state anti-corruption and based justice.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Partai Politik dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Pencucian Uang butarbutar, russel
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 2 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

Pertanggungjawaban pidana korupsi dan pencucian uang selama ini sering hanya dikenakan pada ‘orang’ sebagai subjek pelaku. Salah satu tindak pidana korupsi yang akhir-akhir ini sering terjadi adalah yang berasal dari partai politik, yang dilakukan oleh anggotanya. Dalam praktik, sulit mengidentifikasi perbuatan personel partai politik itu menjadi perbuatan yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada partai politik. Artikel ini menggali hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana partai politik dalam tindak pidana korupsi dan pencucian uang. Negara dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban pidana karena partai politik dapat dikategorikan sebagai korporasi. Partai politik merupakan subjek hukum yang dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam hal personel atau pengurusnya melakukan tindak pidana korupsi berdasarkan teori pemidanaan terhadap korporasi. Ketentuan hukum juga telah mengatur bentuk sanksi pidana berupa denda, pengumuman putusan hakim, pembekuan sebagian atau seluruh kegiatan usaha partai, pencabutan izin opersional partai, pembubaran dan/atau pelarangan partai, perampasan aset partai untuk negara, dan/atau pengambilalihan partai politik oleh negara. Criminal Liability of Political Parties for Corruption and Money Laundering AbstractCriminal responsibility of corruption and money laundering is often imposed to individual as the perpetrators, whereas currently the trend is that corruption performed by a political party through its personnel. In practice, it is difficult to identify which personal action taken by a personnel of a political party that could constitute as a criminal offence accountable to the political party. This article will discuss the matters surrounding criminal responsibility of a political party in regards to both corruption and money laundering. Political party as a subject of law is entitled to criminal responsibility in a case where its personnel or its officials is found guilty of corruption based on the criminal prosecution againsts corporation theory. Furthermore, legal provision have also regulate criminal sanctions such as: financial penalties, announcement of court decision, freezing part or all of the business activities of the party, operational license revocation, dissolution and/or prohibition of the party, expropriation of assets to the state, and/or takeover of political party by the state.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n2.a7
Consumer Dispute Settlement: A Comparative Study on Indonesian and Malaysian Law Sari, Norma
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 5, No 1 (2018): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

Consumer dispute settlement becomes an important instrument for protecting consumers. This study aims toanalyze (i) the urgency of consumer dispute settlement body and small claim mechanism; (ii) the comparisonof consumer dispute settlement law in Indonesia and Malaysia; (iii) a lesson from Malaysia concerning smallclaim court. This research was conducted as a library research. The results show that uurgency of consumerdispute settlement body and small claim mechanism are to guarantee ultimate consumer interest. Comparingof consumer dispute settlement law in Indonesia and Malaysia, each institution and mechanism havingadvantages and disadvantages to consider for betterment in the future. Consumer Dispute Agency is a middleway or a combination off SCC system and specific dispute resolution body. But, Indonesia needs to reiteratethe existing Consumer Protection Act regarding the duty and authority of Consumer Dispute SettlementAgency. There is authority overlap with other agencies needed to be addressed.
Artikel Kehormatan: Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang dalam Perspektif Ajaran Konstitusi dan Prinsip Negara Hukum Manan, Bagir; Harijanti, Susi Dwi
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 2 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

Keadaan bahaya atau kedaruratan senantiasa dihadapi oleh setiap negara yang memaksa negara yang bersangkutan melakukan tindakan-tindakan, baik berupa penetapan keadaan bahaya (extraordinary measures) ataupun penetapan aturan (extraordinary rules) untuk memulihkan keadaan bahaya tersebut. Umumnya tindakan-tindakan untuk mengatasinya diatur dalam konstitusi atau undang-undang dasar negara yang bersangkutan agar tindakan dimaksud mempunyai dasar hukum yang kuat. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengatur dua hal kedaruratan, yaitu dalam Pasal 12 yang memberikan wewenang kepada presiden menetapkan keadaan bahaya (extraordinary measures), serta Pasal 22 yang menjadi dasar konstitusional dikeluarkannya peraturan pemerintah pengganti undang-undang oleh presiden (extraordinary rules). Dalam praktik, tidak mudah mengualifikasi suatu keadaan sebagai genting memaksa. Artikel ini menganalisis peraturan pemerintah pengganti undang-undang  dalam perspektif ajaran konstitusi serta prinsip negara hukum. Untuk menghindarkan terjadinya kesewenang-wenangan, perpu perlu memiliki sejumlah limitasi, meliputi makna, ruang lingkup atau materi muatan, proses pembentukan dan pembahasan, serta akibat hukum.  Government Regulation in Lieu of Law from the Perspective of Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law AbstractEvery country has always faces condition of emergency which forces such a country to determine or to decide extraordinary measures and extraordinary rules in order to restore the abnormal condition to become a normal one. In general, those measurements should have been regulated by a constitution in order to ensure that legitimate and legal acts are secured. The Amended 1945 Constitution provides distinct rules in regard to the exigencies, namely Article 12 (extraordinary measures) and Article 22 (extraordinary rules). The latter gives the way to the establishment of government regulation in lieu of law. In practice, however, it is quite difficult to qualify a particular condition as an emergency. This article examines government regulation in lieu of law from the perspective of constitutionalism and the rule of law. It is argued that to avoid arbitrariness as a result of the use of discretion in determining the emergency condition and to ensure that the extraordinary power is in line with constitutionalism and the rule of law principle, it is fundamental to apply limitations upon the use of it which include the accurate meaning of exigencies, limited subject matters of government regulation in lieu of law, the clear procedure of enactment, as well as its well-defined legal implications. Keywords: emergency, abnormal condition, constitusionalism, government regulation in lieu of law, the rule of law. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n2.a1
Dampak Ketiadaan Pengaturan Kuota Ekspor Hiu Tikus (Alopias Ssp.) di Indonesia Hardiningsih, Wahyu; Purwadi, Hari; Latifah, Emmy
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 3 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Abstract

Kuota ekspor merupakan salah satu mekanisme perlindungan ekosistem laut. Banyaknya perburuan Ikan Hiu Tikus (Alopias Ssp.) di Indonesia saat ini karena permintaan pasar yang tinggi, khususnya dari luar negeri. Tingginya permintaan menyebabkan ikan jenis ini masuk ke dalam daftar Convention on International Trade in Endanger Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)  Appendiks II pada tahun 2016. Jika Ikan Hiu Tikus yang merupakan predator puncak pada rantai makanan di laut ini sampai terancam punah, maka ekosistem laut akan mengalami kerusakan parah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum memiliki perangkat hukum yang memadai terkait dengan penentuan komponen-komponen kuota ekspor Ikan Hiu, khususnya Ikan Hiu Tikus sebagaimana ketentuan yang diatur di dalam CITES. Keadaan ini menimbulkan dampak terhadap kelestarian Ikan Hiu Tikus itu sendiri, kepentingan masyarakat Indonesia, keberlangsungan lingkungan laut dan generasi yang memanfaatkannya, serta berdampak terhadap perdagangan internasional.The Consequencies of an Inexistence of Alopias Ssp Export Quota Regulation In Indonesia AbstractExport quota is one of mechanical ways to protect marine ecosystem. The huge number of Alopias Ssp. hunts has recently been caused by its international trade worldwide. Highly demands of Alopias Ssp. get this species to be listed on Convention on International Trade in Endanger Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)  Appendix II in 2016. When Alopias Ssp. as the top predator have been endangered, the marine ecosystem will come to a serious damage. Research shows that Indonesia does not have yet the regulation on components of export quota of Alopias Ssp. as it is regulated on CITES. This condition has affected the preservation of Alopias Ssp. itself, Indonesians’ interest, marine ecosystem sustainability and the generation taking the benefit of it, also international trade as well.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a9  

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