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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 2,125 Documents

67 68 69 70 71

KEBIJAKAN, OTONOMI DAERAH DAN ERA PASAR BEBAS DALAM PEMANFAATAN HASIL HUTAN Ponulele, Aminuddin; Gintings, A Ngaloken
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF Bacillus sp. ISOLATED FROM FOREST SOIL OF GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK*[Aktifitas Fosfatase Bacillus sp. yang Diisolasi dari Tanah Hutan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun] Sudiana, I Made
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Bacillus sp diisolasi dari tanah Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun. Dalam media tumbuh yang mengandung Ca3(PO4)2 bakteri membentuk zona bening disekitar koloni.Glukosa digunakan dengan cepat selama kultivasi.Tinggi konsentrasi fosfat terlarut yang dibebaskan selama fase pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa bakteri mampu memacu pelarutan Ca3(PO4)2. Selama fase pertumbuhan terjadi hidrolisa organik fosfat (phenyl phosphate) menghasilkan phenol dan fosfat hal ini menunjukkan,bahwa Bacillus sp mampu menggunakan organik fosfat.Selama kultivasi terjadi penurunan pH sejalan dengan pelarutan Ca3(PO4)2.

METALS BIOCONCENTRATION OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN AS AN EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR MANAGEMENT OF INLAND WATER FISHERY RESERVE Hartoto, Dede Irving; Awalina, Awalina
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 3 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Heavy metal bioconcentration was examined and evaluated in the muscle of several of freshwater fishes species collected from a complex of some oxbow lakes in Kahayan River and from Lake Sembuluh, Central Kalimantan. The objective of the study was to find natural background values of heavy metals in water, sediment and its biomultiplication factor related to their concentration in water and the fish position in the foodweb. In this analysis,one to twenty-five grams of fish muscle samples was obtained from the posterior part of pectoral but anterior to anal fins. Water samples, which were taken from surface and bottom layers of the lakes, were mix and preserved with nitric acid. Sediment samples were obtained by using Ekman Grab and the interstitial waters were extracted by using wet digestion technique.Iron concentration in fish muscle is the highest in omnivorous, followed by that of in carnivorous and detritivorous fish. Manganese, lead and mercury had different pattern of bioconcentration levels. Bioaccumulation factor for each metal and at each food habit category was also variable; the lowest value of 0.7 for iron in second consumer and 28.2 for mercury in primary consumer. Mechanism of heavy metal intrusion to fish muscle is very intricate and apparently depends upon feeding habit of each species. Concentration of mercury in water and fish muscle was far above minimum risk level, but concentrations of iron, manganese and lead in water and fish was considered still safe for environment as well as for human health. Potential utilization of these results as evaluation criteria for fishery reserve is discussed.

POTENSI CENDANA SEBAGAI AND ALAN OTONOMI DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR Boroh, Palulun
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 5 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Cendana merupakan tanaman yang mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri karena baunya harum dan banyak kegunaannya, bahkan sudah menjadi komoditi perdagangan sejak jaman dahulu. Kondisi iklim NTT yang kering dan tanah berkapur (pH 5-8) merupakan habitat yang optimum untuk menghasilkan kayu berkualitas dengan kandungan santalol yang tinggi. Penanaman cendana di daerah lain misalnya 1 Gunung Kidul terbukti tidak dapat menghasilkanÃ kayu yang wangi seperti daerah aslinya (NTT). Secara alami habitat cendana tersebar di 7 kabupaten yaitu Kupang, TTS, TTU, Belu, Sumba Barat, Sumba Timur dan Solor; oleh karena itu pengembangan cendana menjadi satu kelas sebaiknya diprioritaskan di 7 kabupaten tersebut. Pengembangan cendana di NTT mengalami banyak kendala yang disebabkan terutama oleh faktor non-teknis antara lain peraturan daerah, sistem dan mekanisme pengelolaan, pemasaran dan pengelolaan hasil yang tidak terkoordinasi dan dominasi Pemerintah. Perizinan perdagangan global mengakibatkan maraknya penebangan secara sembarangan sampai pohon-pohon yang belum berteraspun ditebang habis. Hasil inventarisasi menunjukkan bahwa populasi cendana menurun sangat drastis, bahkan dewasa ini sumber benih sudah mulai langka dan sangat sulit dijumpai. Kegiatan yang mendesak adalah penunjukan pohon induk sebagai kebun benih, terutama varietas berdaun kecil yang sangat berkualitas. Untuk pengelolaan dengan asas lestari dan hasil yang maksimum perlu perencanaan dalam satu Kelas Perusahaan Cendana di dalam kawasan hutan dan Hutan Rakyat untuk pengembangan di lahan milik ulayat. Dengan jumlah penduduk NTT sekitar 3,5 juta, jika tiap jiwa menanam 2 pohon maka diperkirakan setelah 50 tahun akan diperoleh hasil panen sekitar Rp. 7,5 trilyun. Analisa potensi cendana dapat diperhitungkan sebagai berikut: dengan daur 50 tahun dan areal Kelas Perusahaan Cendana 3000 ha maka setiap KK dapat menikmati hasil Rp. 4.500.000/ tahun. Potensi cendana yang sangat prospektif sebagai sumber pendapatan daerah dan petani dapat terwujud jika dikelola dengan baik, jujur dan profesional serta ada kerja sama dari semua pihak. Pengembangan cendana selain sangat menjanjikan dari segi ekonomi juga lebih ramah lingkungan dan NTT adalah satu-satunya kawasan yang merupakan habitat cendana secara alami.

PENDEKATAN TEKNIS PELESTARIAN EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) SECARA EX-SITU Oka, Ngakan Putu
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i2.1503

Pohon eboni (Diospyros celebica) pada hutan alam telah mengalami tekanan eksploitasi yang intensif karena kayunya memiliki nilai ekonomi yang sangat tinggi. Keadaan ini mengakibatkan popuiasi jenis pohon endemik Sulawesi ini menjadi sangat berkurang, sampai pada tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan kelestariannya. Oleh karena itu, D.celebica telah ditetapkan sebagai tumbuhan yang tergolong vulnerable species dan sebagian besar habitat tempat hidupnya ditetapkan sebagai suaka alam atau kawasan yang dilindungi khusus untuk melestarikannya. Pendekatan pelestarian eboni secara in-siiu seperti yang diuraikan di atas belumlah memadai untuk dapat dengan cepat memulihkan popuiasi dan potensi eboni.Selain itu, pendekatan pelestarian sebagaimana tersebut di atas tidak memberikan peluang bagi pemanfaatan kayu eboni pada saat popuiasi dan potensinya telah memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu dipikirkan beberapa pendekatan pelestarian lainnya, di antaranya adalah pelestarian secara ex-situ.Pendekatan pelestarian secara ex-situ dapat diarahkan pada upaya pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan eboni secara lestari. Namun untuk mengarah pada pendekatan pelestarian secara ex-situ diperlukan telaahan mengenai preferensi ekologis dan karakteristik fisik maupun fisiologis yang terkait dengan bentuk-bentuk pengembangannya. Telaahan mengenai kemungkinan pengembangan beberapa bentuk tanaman D. celebica sebagai upaya pelestarian secara ex-situ dipaparkan.

CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA OF SOIL OF GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK Sudiana, I Made; Rahayu, Ritai Dwi; Imanuddin, Hartati; Rahmansyah, Maman
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 6 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v5i6.1077

The population of aerobic cellulolyitic bacteria (ACB) of soil Gunung Halimun National park and its celulolytic capacity were studied.The soil samples were collected from various altitude (500-1500) m asl.Microbial isolation was performed by culture enrichment technique with CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) as the major carbon sources.The quantitative determination of ACB was performed by growing the microbes on CMC containing media, and utilizing congored as an indicator.ACB was indicated by formation of clearing zone surrounding growing colony.Cellulytic capacity of each isolates was determined by analysing the ratio of colony and clear zone formation.ACB were quite heterogenous include Bacillus sp., Clostridium sp., Chromobacterlum sp., Enterobacter sp., Moraxella sp. and Pseudomonas sp.

UJI PREFERENSI TUMBUHAN INANG BEBERAPA POPULASI KUMBANG LEMBING Epilaehna. aff. emarginata (COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE; EPILACHNINAE) Kahono, Sih; Pujiastuti, Liliek Endang; Fujiyama, Naoyuki; Nakano, Susumu
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i3.1221

Epilaehna sp. aff. emarginata had been considered as a specialist on Mikania micrantha (Compositae). However, recently its oceurrence on Leucas lavandulifolia (Labiatae) was reported. Preliminary field observations of some beetle populations showed that they had different on the host plant utilizations. However, the result was not sufficient to interpret the food preference of the beetles. These experiments weremade in order to clarify those previous observations.Experiments on adult food preference was investigated under uncontrolled room conditions.Four beetle populations (Bogor, Cibinong, Klaten and Malang) were subjected to choice tests offering Mikania micrantha (Compositae) and Leucas lavandulifolia. These experiments indicated that individual beetle has similar trend on food preference within each population. Bogor and Cibinong populations preferred to feed on both M. micrantha and L. lavandulifolia while. Klaten and Malang populations preferred exclusively on L. lavandulifolia. The populations showed different food preferences on the different geographical conditions of Java.

PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA ISOLAT MIKROBA DARI BERBAGAI LIMBAH INDUSTRI PADA BENZAMIDA Sulistinah, Nunik; Sunarko, Bambang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Twenty five microbes could be isolated from industrial effluents.Seven isolates of those examined microbes were able to grow on benzamide as sources of carbon,energy,and nitrogen..The highest growth on benzamide was shown by bacterial isolate D1.Besides on benzamide, isolate D1 could grow on acetamide,acrylamide, benzamide,nicotinamide and propionamide, respectively.. On carboxylic acids, however isolate D1 could grow only on acetic acid, propionic acid, and benzoic acid as carbon and energy sources.When isolate D1 grew on 40 mM benzamide, the doubling time(j was 6 h 40 minutes, the specific growth rate (J) was 0,046 h the attained maximum cell biomass was 4.96 g cell dry weigtAiter medium, and the yield coefficient (Y) was 124 g cell dry weight/mole benzamide.

PEMBUDIDAYAAN POHON EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) Santoso, Budi; Anwar, Chairil; Nompo, Sahara
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Besamya tingkat kerusakan tegakan eboni akibat eksploitasi hutan, kelihatannya makin diperburuk dengan kurang dilaksanakannya kegiatan penanaman kembali eboni di lapangan.Seandainya HPH telah melakukan upaya penanaman kembali pohon eboni, diperkirakan tingkat keberhasilannya masih sangat rendah atau mungkin belum sepadan antara luas areal yang ditanami dengan luasan areal bekas tebangan.Cara pembudidayaan tanaman menjadi sangat penting dalam pengusahaan pohon eboni ini. Penanaman pohon eboni tidak jauh berbeda dengan tanaman tropis lainnya. Saat ini kendala yang dihadapi dan perlu mendapat perhatian adalah belum dikuasai bagaimana teknologi benih, pengadaan bibit berkualitas serta apa hama penyakit pada eboni.Disajikan bagaimana pembudidayaan eboni secara praktis berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengalaman dan pustaka pendukung, dan diharapkan dapat menambah informasi bagi praktisi lapangan atau pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan, sehingga keberhasilan penanaman eboni lebih terjamin.

KEBERADAAN DAN DISTRIBUSl JENIS-JENIS Trichoderma DI HUTAN KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN Suharna, Nandang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study was conducted m determine the occurrence and distribution of Trichoderma species in forest in Gunung Halimun National Park. Location for data ollection were Cikaniki (1.100 asl), Citalahab (1.100 asl.)and Gunung Botol (1.500 asl, 1.600 asl,and 1.700 asl).Isolation of Trichoderma were from non vegetation soils, rhizosphere soils and stumps of three dominating forest trees i.e.Allingia excelsa,Caslanopsis javanicti and Schimu wallichii.The isolation method used were soil plate (non vegetation soil,Rhizosphere soil), dilution plate (non vegetation soil.Rhizosphere soil) and surface sterilization (stump).Trichoderma viride recorded as the commonest fungus of its occurrence and the most widespread in non vegetation soil in all location studied. Other Trichoderma species encountered were T. longibrachialuin, T. virens T. koningii.T. hamaium. T. pseudokoningii and T. polysporum. While in rhizosphere soils of the three dominating trees {Allingia excelsa. Schima wallichii. and Casianopsis javanica) located in Cikaniki, T. hamatum, was the commonest fungus of its occurrence. Another common was T. koningii. Other species were rarely encountered were T. longibrachialum, T. virens, T. pseudokoningii and T. polysporum, and T. fertile. In stumps of four trees in Cikaniki four species of Trichoderma were recorded of their occurrences. They were T. harzianum (Memecylon excelsum). T. koningii (S. wallichii), T. viride (A. excelsa, S. wallichii and C. javanica) and T. virens (A. excelsa and M. excelsum). It i> concluded that in forest of Gunung Halimun National Park, habitat influenced on the occurrence and distribution of Trichoderma species, but not for altitude. Trichoderma was high in diversity, dominant in occurrence and widespread in distribution.

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