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JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 08544425 EISSN : 2338834X DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 847 Documents

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Fermentasi Jali Menggunakan Bakteri Selulolitik dan Bakteri Asam Laktat untuk Pembuatan Tepung Handayani, Rini
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTJali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is a cereal plant. Jali has a high nutritional content. The protein content of jali is greater than sorghum, which is 11 g / 100 g and a high calcium content of 213 mg / 100 g. Cereal fermentation uses two types of microbes; lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria. Selection of the best lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria with clear zone testing. Isolates in the clear-zone test were isolates of lactic acid bacteria 478, 504, 508, 520, 525, 540, 543, 546, 548 and cellulolytic bacteria isolates A6, A11, A12. Clear cut test results obtained the best isolates 478 and A11 which are used as fermented cereal jelly inoculum. Jali cereals were fermented with four treatments: control, addition of BAL inoculum, addition of cellulolytic bacterial inoculum and addition of BAL mixed inocula and cellulolytic bacteria. Jali cereal fermentation was carried out for two days and sampling was performed to determine the activity of bacterial growth during fermentation, pH and temperature. The fermented Jali cereal is then dried and made flour. Proximate analysis was performed on Jali flour. The results showed that the addition of bacterial cellulolytic inoculum had a higher protein content of 11.64% compared to other treatments, BAL 7, 43%, BAL + BS 6.26% and 5.08% control. Microscopic analysis was performed to determine the effect of fermentation on starch granules. The use of bacterial inoculum in the manufacture of Jali fermented flour can improve the quality and quantity of nutrient content.Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, fermentation, Jali cereals.

Deteksi Keragaman Genotip Hibrid Ikan Lele Sangkuriang, Mutiara Transgenik dan Non Transgenik Pada Keturunan Pertama Buwono, Ibnu Dwi; Lathifah, Asri Ulfah; Subhan, Ujang
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe genotypic diversity showed by the hybrid crossbreed of transgenic Mutiara (carrying African catfish growth hormone) with non-transgenic catfish (Mutiara or Sangkuriang strain) high enough (many polymorphic fragments) in the first offspring. The aims of the study were to detect genotypic diversity from Sangkuriang catfish, transgenic Mutiara, non-transgenic Mutiara and first offspring (hybrid F1) with RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker using 2 primary types (OPA-03 and OPA-06). Experimental method is exploratively used in this research with qualitative descriptive analysis. The amplification results show the OPA-03 primer (5-AGTCAGCCAC-3 ) is the best primer that visualizes fragments (polymorphic and monomorphic) in all samples. The genetic relationship of the test fish using the NTSYSpc program shows that the OPA-03 phenogram in the first progeny of crossing the transgenic Mutiara male and Sangkuriang female has more genotypic diversity than other crosses. The first offspring of the broodstock crosses of the same strain (Sangkuriang and Sangkuriang) had a kinship of 70%, the crosses between non-transgenic Mutiara with Sangkuriang had 79% genetic similarity. The highest genetic similarity index (82%) was obtained from the first progeny of crossing transgenic Mutiara with Sangkuriang.Keywords: polymorphism, RAPD, phenogram, crossing, transgenesis

Seleksi Konsorsium Mikroorganisme untuk Pembenah Lumpur Sidoarjo sebagai Media Tanam Pikoli, Megga Ratnasari; Setyawati, Adi Puji; Larasati, Tri Retno Dyah; Mulyana, Nana
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe mud that erupted in Sidoarjo, East Java, has been known from several studies can be used as plant growth media. However, its ability has limitations, particularly due to the very high heavy metal content and phenol will gradually poison the plants. Therefore, a study has been conducted in order to obtain a consortium of microorganisms which have ability to support plants growth and remediate the mud so that further can be used as a growth media. The selected microorganisms consist of Azotobacter sp. KDB2, Bacillus sp. KLBN1, Bacillus sp. BMC4, Pseudomonas sp. BMC6, Trichoderma sp. PJF6 and Trichoderma sp. PJF7F7, which were combined in five consortia, namely K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. The selection was performed on the ability to produce indole acetic acid, dissolve phosphate, decrease phenol concentration, and decrease the concentration of Pb and Cd ion metals. The results showed that the five consortia have capacity in the five parameters examined. The ability to remove Pb by microbial consortia which consist of Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Trichoderma is a new information of the role of microorganism on heavy metal removal. The existence of positive and negative interactions within each consortium lead to differences in the kind of superior consortium generated from each parameter. The consortium K4 showed advantages in 3 parameters, that were in the indole acetic acid production and the Pb and Cd decreases, while the other consortia showed the best capacity only on one of the parameter examined. Therefore, the selected consortium recommended for fixing the Sidoarjo mud is K4, which consists of Azotobacter sp., Bacillus sp. BMC4, Pseudomonas sp. BMC6, Trichoderma sp. PJF6 dan Trichoderma sp. PJF7.Keywords: biofertilizer, bioremediation, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma

Induksi Poliploidi pada Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) Kultivar Kaliurang dengan Perlakuan Kolkisin secara In Vitro Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Wijayanta, Ardian Nur; Ratnadewi, Diah
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTGenetic modification to increase productivity and other better growth characteristics of Kaliurang taro could be done by various methods; one of them is polyploid induction. Kaliurang taro has performed excellent traits, it is resistant to leaf blight disease and pests. Polyploid plants of Kaliurang taro are expected to have excellent char-acteristics and increased productivity. The objective to this study was to obtain an efficient method through in vitro induction of polyploidy using colchicine on Kaliurang taro. Aseptic plantlets of Kaliurang taro were soaked in colchicine solution at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% for 1, 2 and 3 days. Control was untreated plantlets. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicates. The colchicine-treated plantlets were then planted on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP, 1 mg/L thiamine and 2 mg/L adenine. Survival rate and vegetative growth of plantlets were observed every week for 8 weeks after planting. The results showed that increasing colchicine concentra-tion and the soaking period produced planlets with various survival rate. Flowcytometric analysis indicated that the treatment of soaking the plantlets in 0.05% colchicine for 1 day resulted in 14.3% of tetraploid plantlets. The most efficient of colchicine treatment was 0.2% for 3 days, resulting in 57.1% tetraploids, with the efficient value of 33.3%. There was chromosome multiplication from diploid to tetraploid which was confirmed through both flowcytometric analysis and chromosomes counting.Keywords: Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.), Kaliurang, in vitro, flowcytometer, chromosome multiplication, tetraploids

Pengaruh Modifikasi KH2PO4, NH4NO3 dan Sukrosa terhadap Pertumbuhan Tunas serta Pembentukan Umbi Mikro Taka (Tacca leontopetaloides) secara In vitro Rudiyanto, Rudiyanto; Hapsari, Betalini Widhi; Ermayanti, Tri Muji
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i1.3658

ABSTRACTPolynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze), which is one of the bulbous herbaceous plants,have high nutritional value. Modification of macro nutrients by reducing nitrogen content and increasingphosphorus on the medium gave affects on shoot growth and initiated micro tuber formation on in vitrocultures. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of modified macro nutrients in combination withthe increase in sucrose concentrations on shoot growth and micro tuber formation of T. leontopetaloides. Theexperimental design was factorial completely randomized design.The factors tested were modifications of MSmacro nutrients that were. M1 (170 mg/l KH2PO4 and 1650 mg/l NH4NO3; normal, control treatment); M2 (340mg/l KH2PO4 and 825 mg/l NH4NO3); and M3 (680 mg/l KH2PO4 and 412.5 mg/l NH4NO3 in combinationwith 30 (S1) (control treatment), 40 (S2), 50 (S3) and 60 g/l of sucrose (S4). The variables tested were shootheight, number of leaves, number of roots and number of micro tuber which were observed weekly at 0-8weeks after culturing. The results showed that the modification of macro nutrient in combination with sucroseconcentration had significant effect on shoot height, number of leaves and number of roots but not significanton the number of tubers. The highest shoots were found in M1S3 treatment, the highest number of leaves wasin M1S1 and M1S3 treatment and the highest number of roots was in M1S4 treatment. The number of tubersnot significantly different between the treatments tested.Keywords: in vitro, KH2PO4, microtuber, NH4NO3, sucrose, Tacca leontopetaloides

Sarcotheca celebica Veldkamp: Persebarannya di Sulawesi, Status Konservasi dan Kelangkaan Astuti, Inggit Puji; Sari, Rismita; Susandarini, Ratna; Zuhro, Fatimatuz
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

TULISAN PENDEKSarcotheca celebica Veldkamp: Persebarannya di Sulawesi,Status Konservasi dan Kelangkaan

Respon Enzim Antioksidatif Sonchus oleraceus terhadap Cekaman Krom pada Media Tanam Berbeda Sucahyo, Sucahyo; Kasmiyati, Sri
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTSonchus oleraceus is a weed that is capable of living in chromium contaminated environments, so their physiological, biochemical and molecular responses can be used as biomarkers of chromium stress. Changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes can be used as a biomarker of biochemical against heavy metal stress.The objective of this research was to know the response of antioxidative enzymes activity in S. oleraceus subjected to Cr stress on different planting media. The research was done in 2 factors i.e. planting media types and Cr compound types (Cr3+and Cr6+). Parameters measured were antioxidative enzymes activity i.e catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and glutathion reductase (GR), dissolved protein content in leaves, and content of Cr6 + and Cr total in roots and shoots.The data were analyzed with a two way ANOVA using SAS 9.1 32-bit for windows. The results indicated that activity of antioxidative enzymes (CAT, APX, SOD and GR) of S. oleraceus leaves tend to increase under Cr stress condition. The Cr6+ treatment of 10 mg/L significantly increased the antioxidative enzyme activity of CAT, APX, SOD and GR in S. oleraceus leaves. The antioxidative enzyme activity (APX, SOD and GR) S. oleraceus grown on soil medium containing sludge was higher than that grown on soil media and on the mixture of sludge: soil (1: 1). Under Cr stress conditions, the roots and shoots of S. oleraceus grown on sterile sand media, soil and the mixture of sludge:soil (1:1) accumulate Cr6+ and Cr total. The accumulation of Cr6+ was found the highest in shoots, meanwhile accumulation of Cr total was found the highest in the roots. The Cr treatments and planting media also significantly influenced the soluble protein content in S. oleraceus leaves.Key words: antioxidant, oxidative stress, chromium, weed, soluble protein

Variasi nukleotida gen COI pada Burung Sempidan (Genus Lophura) Astuti, Dwi; Irham, Mohammad; Ashari, Hidayat
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i1.3668

ABSTRACTGallopheasant birds (Genus Lophura) belonging to Phasianidae family. L. inornata and L.ignita were 2 of 5 species in Indonesia. This study was aimed to determine the genetic variation and diversity of those two bird species based on DNA sequences of COI gene. Total genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and wet meat from 5 individuals (4 individuals L.inornata hoogerwerfi and 1 individual L. Ignita). Amplification of COI gene by PCR produced a single fragment of about 860 bp. The 785 bp of DNA sequence data from 5 birds were analyzed to determine its genetic variation and diversity, both of at intra and inter-species levels using MEGA 5 software. Genetic distance between individual bird (intraspecific) of L.i. hoogerwerfii ranged from 0.00 to 0.0013 Â± 0.0012, whereas between 2 species (L. hoogerwerfii vs L. ignita) ranged from 0.0467 Â± 0.0078 to 0.0481 Â± 0.0080. Three individuals of L. i. hoogerwerfii have the same DNA sequence haplotype (HLh1) and one individual has one haplotype that was very different from the other 3 individuals (HLh2), so from 4 indi-vidual birds there were only 2 haplotypes with 0.400 Â± 0.237 haplotype diversity (Hd) value. Nucleotide substi-tution / differences occured in 4 nucleotide sites (site 320, 711, 738, and 779) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00204 Â± 0.00121. Between two species (L.i.hoogerwerfii and L. ignita) occured 39 - 404 nucleotide subsitu-tion sites. The average number of codon encoding amino acid was 261 with a value of codon bias was 0.314. The existence of a nucleotide substitution indicated that there were genetic variations in both intraspecies and interspesies levels. Genetic variation and diversity of L.i. hoogerwerfii were low. Information from this re-search is useful for conservation of this bird.Keywords: DNA sequence, COI, genetic variation, Lophura inornata hoogerwerfii, L. ignita.

Pupal Acoustic Behaviour of Troides helena helena (Linnaeus, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) from West Java, Indonesia Kurniati, Hellen; Peggie, Djunijanti; Sulistyadi, Eko
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTTroides helena helena (Linnaeus, 1758) can be found in Java and Bali. The larval and adult stages of this butterfly do not produce any sound, but the pupal stage produces sound in response to a touching stimulus. Sony PCM-M10 recorder and Pettersson M500 USB Ultrasound Microphone were used to record the sound. Adobe Audition 3.0 was used to visualize the oscillogram and audiospectrogram of the sound. Beyond our expectations, the pupae produce ultra sound hisses which are composed of many impulses. A one-day-old pupa has a frequency range between 0.2-40 kHz; however of 2-days to 18-days-old has a frequency range between 0.2-150 kHz. The sound wave consist of two sound elements, i.e. the audible sound element (0.2-20 kHz) and inaudible sound element (>20-150 kHz) and the bandwidth is between 200 Hz to around 150 kHz, with the strongest spectrum energy at around 2.6 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz, 9 kHz and 23 kHz and some strong spectrum energy is also visible at around 40 kHz.Key words: acoustic, behaviour, butterfly, pupa, Troides helena helena

Bertahan di Tengah Samudra: Pandangan Etnobotani terhadap Pulau Enggano, Alam, dan Manusianya Royyani, Mohammad Fathi; Lestari Sihotang, Vera Budi; Efendy, Oscar
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe objective of study was to explore Enggano’s people live survival strategy ulilizing plant resources . To enable living in Enggano, local community utilize plant resources with diverse strategy. The main argument of their article is social and enviromental changes affect on the utilization of plant resources as the main strategy of survival. There strategies of data collection were applied to verify the local community survival strategy. Namely: FGD, questionair and interview. So we observed society change their live strategy on plant resources utilization in accordance with social change. New access on information, migration, to other island influence on society orientaton. From live survival strategy to economic benefit. Keywords: Enggano, plants, social change, survival, useful.

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