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JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA

jurnal_biologi_indonesia
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 08544425 EISSN : 2338834X DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 847 Documents

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Increase of Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger InaCC F539 in Sorghum’s Juice Medium Amended with Methanol Kanti, Atit; Ilyas, Muhammad; Sudiana, I Made
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3733

ABSTRACTCitric acid demand increases steadily, and there is a need to increase productivity through selection of suitable carbon sources, and addition of substances that increase citric acids production rate. Methanol has been suggested to increase citric acid fermentation on high carbohydrate containing substances. The objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of sweet sorghum juice for citric acids production and to verify the effect of methanol on citric acids production using Aspergillus niger InaCC F539 as inoculant. Sweet sorghum juice with the total initial reducing sugar of 11.5 % (w/v) was used as the sole carbon sources. To study the effect of total initial reducing sugar on citric acid production the initial reducing sugar was adjusted to the concentration of 30 to 75 g/L. Preliminary experiment was conducted to get the optimum methanol concentration that stimulate citric acid production. The optimum methanol concentration that stimulate citric acid production was 4% (v/v). Submerged fermentation was conducted as shake culture (125 rpm at 28 °C). Citric acids production was affected by total initial reducing sugar. Higher total initial reducing sugar produced higher citric acids. Maximum citric acid production was 18.96g/L on sweet sorghum juice with 75 g/L total initial reducing sugar. Methanol 4 % (v/v) increase citric acid production by 41.35 to 65.89 %. Juice of sweet sorghum was a good medium for citric acids production, and methanol stimulate and increase citric acid production. It is a good basis for exploring efficient and cost effective industrial scale citric acid production. Keywords: Citric acid, Methanol, Sweet sorghum, Aspergillus niger

Karakterisasi Morfologi Daun Begonia Alam (Begoniaceae): Prospek Pengembangan Koleksi Tanaman Hias Daun di Kebun Raya Indonesia -M.Siregar, Hartutiningsih; Wahyuni, Sri; Ardaka, I Made
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTFoliage ornamental plant is one of popular outdoor and indoor plant, of which is Begonia (Begoniaceae). The aim of this study is to seek the potentions of Indonesia Botanic Garden’s Begonia collections. The study was done by visual observations method by characterizing the morphological leaves of 73 species of native species in the Bogor and Bali Botanic Greenhouses. The qualitative data was obtained by observing the leaf type, shape, margin, apex, base colour, texture, and hairiness, while the quantitative data was collected by measuring the thickness and size of the leaf and petiole lengths. The scoring was assumed by comparing to the popular species, and the score that given is range from 1-3. The result of this study is some of the collection, such as B. brevirimosa Irmsch. susp. brevirimosa, B. brevirimosa subsp. exotica Tebbitt, B. goegoensis N.E. Br, B. bipinnatifida J.J.Sm., B. dropiae Ardi, B. holosericeoides Ardi & D.C. Thomas, B. siccacaudata J. Door, B. robusta Blume, B. olivaceae Ardi, B. puspitae Ardi, B. sudjanae Janson dan B. serratipetala Irmsch have the highest score on the leaves morphological characteristic (shape and colouration), which mean all of these species can be planted as exotic ornamental plants without any hybridization process. It is expected that the listed species as the result of this study can be used as a reference for developing a new cultivars from Indonesian native species. Keywords: Begonia, ornamental plant, Botanic Gardens of Indonesia

Merah dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Biokimia Tanah Pada Percobaan Pot Menggunakan Tanah Ultisol Antonius, Sarjiya; Sahputra, Rozy Dwi; Nuraini, Yulia; Dewi, Tirta Kumala
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTUltisol dominated about 25% of the total land area in Indonesia. It has the potential to be used as agricultural land and shallot plants have a considerable prospect to be cultivated in ultisol soil. Ultisol generally has not been handled properly. It needs some specific treatments due to the low nutrient contents, caused by the intensive leaching process. One of the effort to overcome the soil quality problems that occur in ultisol soils (high soil acidity, average pH <4.50, high Al saturation, and low macronutrient content such as P, K, Ca, Mg, and organic material content) is treated by the using the soil conditioner such as the supplying of organic materials in the form of compost and biochar. In this work, the biological organic fertilizer was also applied to increase microorganism activity in the soil. The experimental design used in this work was completely random design which has 8 combinations of soil treatment, compost, biochar and bio-organic fertilizer. Soil parameters measured were pH, C-Organic, P-Available, total bacterial population, soil respiration, and phosphomonoesterase enzyme activity. The agronomy parameters of shallot were also measured. The results showed that treatment of compost, biological organic fertilizer, and biochar have significant effect to increase soil microorganism activity in the form of total population of bacteria, soil respiration, P-Available and pH. The treatment also had a significant effect on supporting plant height at 2 and 6 MST, number of leaves at 2 MST, wet weight and dry weight of tubers. Keywords: biochar, bio-organic fertilizer, soil microorganism activity, shallot, ultisol

The Genus Chitinophaga Isolated from Wanggameti National Park and Their Lytic Activities Meliah, Siti; Kusumawati, Dinihari Indah; Lisdiyanti, Puspita
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe utilization of bacterial enzymes in commercial industry, agriculture, waste treatment and health is preferred over other sources like plants and animals sources because they provide many advantages for different applications. The genus Chitinophaga which was first described as chitinolytic Myxobacteria, known as chitin destroyer or chitin eater due to their capability to hydrolyze chitin. The present study aims to isolate, characterize, identify, and assay the indigenous bacteria from Wanggameti National Park for their lytic activity againts chitin, cellulose and protein as an initial step in bio-prospecting of Sumba Island. Eleven yellow pigmented isolates were obtained from soil and decayed wood samples using ST21 and Water Agar media. They formed halo on VY/2CX medium. Physiological charazterization showed that two isolates were able to produce catalase but none of them produced urease. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that all isolates belong to the genus Chitinophaga that consisting of Chitinophaga filiformis, Chitinophaga ginsengisoli, Chitinophaga pinensis, and Chitinophaga sancti. They were deposited in InaCC under the name InaCC B1254 to InaCC B1264. Qualitative analysis of their lytic activity exhibited that all strains were able to lyse chitin and cellulose. The strains with the highest chitinase and cellulase activity are InaCC B1260 and InaCC B1258 strains, respectively, both of them are C. pinensis. Hereafter, C. filiformis showed the highest proteolytic activity in skim milk casein amongs all strains at 1.14±0.08. Keywords: Chitinophaga, chitinase, cellulase, protease, Sumba

Aktivitas Makan Alap-Alap Capung (Microhierax fringillarius Drapiez, 1824) pada Masa Adaptasi di Kandang Penangkaran Rachmatika, Rini
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3740

ABSTRACTBlack thighed falconet is smallest bird from falconidae. This study aimed to determine nutrient requirement and describe feeding activity of black thighed falconet (Microhierax fringillarius Drapiez, 1824) on the adaptation period at the captive breeding facility. This observation was conducted at the bird captivity of Research Center of Biology. Black tighed falconet in this research have weighted about 33.65 ± 2.48 grams. Feed given once a day in the morning consist of scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata), mice, frozen tilapia fish and frozen beef. Observation of feeding activity using a focal animal sampling technique for 20 days. Data were analyzed descriptive method. Observations started in the morning at 08:00 am until feeding activity finished. Parameter measured were feeding activity, feed intake and feeding time needed. Temperature and humidity recorded in the morning (8:00 am), noon (12:00 pm), and afternoon (4:00 pm). Based on observations, the highest feed intake was mice (3,71 g/head/day) with a gross energy of 217.23 cal/head/day and the lowest was tilapia fish (2.52 g/head/days) with a gross energy of 147.52cal/head/day. The fastest meal time needed was mice (29.47±1.54 minutes) and the slowest was tilapia fish (46.51 ± 3.51 minutes). Keyword: Falconidae, feeding behavior, captive breeding

Keberhasilan Hidup Tumbuhan Air Genjer (Limnocharis flava) dan Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica) dalam Media Tumbuh dengan Sumber Nutrien Limbah Tahu Pratiwi, Niken TM; Ayu, Inna Puspa; Utomo, Ingga DK; Maulidiya, Ida
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTYellow bur-head (Limnocharis flava) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) are usualy grown in commercial fertilizer as nutrient source. Tofu waste water is one of alternative to substitute commercial fertilizer. This study aims to analyze the ability of those aquatic plants in utilizing nutrients in liquid tofu waste for growth. The experiments were set applying nutrients source treatments with simple random in times experimental design (waste water + aquatic worm (without tofu rest) + bacteria/GCB and KCB; waste water + baceria/GB and KB; and water + aquatic worm (with tofu rest)/ACG and ACK, with ANOVA to analyse plants growth respons towards water quality of each treatment. The results showed a significant increase in the growth of both plants. Relative growth rate of GCB and KCB were 0,0124 dan 0,032 gr/day, with doubling time of 56 and 21,659 days; for GB and KB were 0,0055 and 0,0055 gr/day, then 126 days; for ACG and ACK were 0,0200 and 0,029 gr/day, with 35 and 23,739 days of doubling time. A good performance of growth were shown by ACG treatmet for yellow bur-head and ACK for water spinach. The best result was shown by ACK, the water spinach that grown in water with tofu rest and worm.Keywords: growth, tofu waste water, yellow bur-head (Limnocharis flava), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Pengaruh Posisi Biji Pada Polong Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Beberapa Varietas Lokal Bengkuang (Pachyrizus erosus L.) Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe yam bean seeds are formed in relatively long pods containing between 6-12 seeds/pod. A total of six local yam bean accessions from Indonesia was studied for its seed position in pod related to seed viability and vigor. Field research was carried out in Malang (Indonesia) from May - October 2016. Twenty five matured pods were detached from each accession. Each pod was divided into three parts, i.e. base, middle, and tip part. The seeds of each part are mixed and taken as many as 20 seeds for germinating. The design was a completely randomized design with two factors and repeated three times. The first factor was three seed positions (base, middle, and tip) and the second factor was six accessions of Indonesian local yam bean. The analysis of variance showed that seed position had significant effect on individual seed weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. Seeds derived from the midde of the pods produce the highest leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. The parameters of seed viability and vigor were not affected by the seed position in the pods. Therefore, the seed viability and vigor of yam bean plant in the field can be produced from the seeds derived from the tip, middle and base of the pod. Keywords: seed position, viability, vigor, yam bean

Identification of Ectomycorrhiza-Associated Fungi and Their Ability in Phosphate Solubilization Mujahidah, Shofia; Sukarno, Nampiah; Kanti, Atit; Sudiana, I Made
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3741

ABSTRACTThe existence of Pinus sp. is very dependent on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. ECM fungi affect the growth of their hosts especially by increasing mineral availability and water intake. However ECM fungi is not the only one that plays a role in the growth of their host. There are many ECM-associated fungi which also have many important roles in the growth of the host. Helotiales which were isolated from the ECM of Pinus merkusii are known as the most member of root associated fungi. Three isolated Helotiales identified as Scytalidium sp., Helotiales sp., and Glutinomyces sp. by morphological and molecular identification based on ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 DNAr region. All three isolates have the ability to solubilize phosphate. Compared with C. geophilum which already known as P solubilizing fungi, Glutinomyces solubilized 16.6 ppm P which is higher than C. geophilum which solubilized as much as 13.68 ppm in Pikosvkaya medium with glucose as carbon source and rock phosphate as phosphate source. Then followed by Scytalidum sp. and lastly Helotiales sp. Rock phosphate tend to harder to solubilize because its complex chemical form with other minerals. Keyword: ECM-associated fungi, Helotiales, phosphate solubilizing ability, Pinus merkusii

Protein Domain Annotation of Plasmodium spp. Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) Using Hidden Markov Model-based Tools Parikesit, Arli Aditya; Utomo, Didik Huswo; Karimah, Nihayatul
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTPlasmodium sp. Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) has a crucial role in sporozoite function and hepatocyte invasion. The basic understanding of this protein can reveal the mechanism of action. Protein domain annotation could determine the functional region of the specific protein. This study aimed is to identify the conserved and functional region of circumsporozoite protein using Hidden Markov Model approach. Three samples of CSP was retrieved from UniProt database; Circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium vivax (P08677), Circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium malariae (P13815), and Circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium knowlesi (P02894). All sequenced was reviewed and could be used for further analysis. Multiple Sequences alignment (MSA) was used for analyzing the conserved region. CLUSTAL X software employed to run the MSA of circumsporozoite protein. Protein homology was clustered using MEGA 7.0, and domain annotation was done by the SUPERFAMILY hidden Markov models. The result showed that Circumsporozoite Protein has two specific conserved regions among species. This conserved region indicates the similar function and takes a vital role in their life cycle. Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax had more similar sequence than Plasmodium malariae. The clustering result based on Circumsporozoite Protein indicates that Plasmodium malariae may have distinct infection mode to the host. The CSP was identified has one domain in C-terminus. Domain family of CSP was TSP-1 type 1 repeat with high reliability. It can be concluded that conserved domain of Circumsporozoite Protein could reveal its critical role in Malaria Disease. To this end, CSP could be a potential candidate for vaccine development. Keywords: Circumsporozoite, conserved domain, Plasmodium spp, TSP-1 type 1 repeat.

Karakterisasi Kwetiau Beras dengan Penambahan Tepung Tapioka dan Tepung Jamur Tiram Saskiawan, Iwan; Sally, Sally; Kiyati, Warsono El; Widhyastuti, Nunuk
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3742

ABSTRACTKwetiau is an Indonesian noodle which made from rice flour. It has character of less chewy and low nutrients. The addition of tapioca in kwetiau is hope to be able to improve the chewy texture. Furthermore the addition of oyster mushroom powder could increase its nutritional values. This study aimed to reveal the effect of steaming time as well as addition of tapioca, and oyster mushroom powder on physical and chemical characteristics of kwetiau. The concentrations of tapioca and oyster mushroom powder are consecutively 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, with 4, 5, and 6 minutes steaming time. Determination of sensory, texture, cooking loss, testing, color, protein, crude fiber, and dietary fiber testing are conducted in this research. The result showed that there are an influences of steaming time, tapioca and oyster mushroom powder concentration on kwetiau’s physical and chemical characteristic as well as consumer preferences. The selected formulation is the kwetiau with 20% tapioca addition, steamed for 4 minutes, and 10% oyster mushroom powder addition. Keywords: Kwetiau, Oyster Mushroom, Rice Flour, Tapioca

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