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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Articles 964 Documents
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Effects of silkworm fiber position on flexural and compressive properties of silk fiber-reinforced composites Ariyani Faizah; Dendi Murdiyanto; Yulita Nur Widyawati; Narawidya Laksmi Dewi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p57-61

Abstract

Background: Fiber-reinforced composites represent a combination of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The availability of fiber within dentistry in Indonesia is limited and, therefore, requires lengthy advance ordering. The increasing use of fiber derived from natural materials, such as silk, is of greater concern due to its considerable mechanical strength, biocompatibility and wider availability. The application of fiber will increase the mechanical strength of fiber-reinforced composites, including both flexural and compression strength. One factor affecting the mechanical strength of fiber is the laying of fiber or fiber position. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to establish the influence of silkworm fiber position on both the flexural and compression strength of silk fiber-reinforced composites. Methods: Flexural strength and compression strength tests using a universal testing machine involved the division of the research population into three treatment groups: compression side, neutral side and tension side. Results: The results of data analysis indicated that the tension side group possessed the highest flexural strength (121.42 MPa), while the compression side group demonstrated the highest compression strength (337.65 MPa). A one-way ANOVA analysis test produced a significant result of p = 0.000 (<0.05) both for silkworm fiber position effect and compression strength of silk fiber reinforced composites. Conclusion: The position of silkworm fiber will affect its flexural strength as well as that of the compression of silk fiber-reinforced composites.
Mandibular morphology of the Mongoloid race in Medan according to age groups Maria Sitanggang; Trelia Boel
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p81-85

Abstract

Background: The mandible constitutes part of the craniofacial bone that plays an important role in determining an individual’s facial profile. The mandible grows and develops throughout life from the prenatal phase up to old age when it becomes and edentulous. Changes in the mandible can be measured using radiographs. These establish several parameters of mandibular morphology, including: ramus height, condylion height, body length, condylion angle, symphysis height, symphysis width and symphysis angle. Purpose: This study aimed to determine differences in the mandibular morphology of members of the mongoloid racial group in Medan according to age as measured by cephalometric radiography. Methods: This investigation constituted analytical research using cross-sectional study with a total sample of 150 individuals divided according to age: group 1 (aged 4-12 years), group 2 (aged 13-24 years, group 3 (aged 25-34 years), group 4 (aged 35-60 years) and group of 5 (aged > 60 years). The parameters were computerized by means of a digital cephalometric radiograph, the resulting data being analized with Oneway ANOVA and LSD. Results: The mean value of the highest to the lowest ramus height, and symphysis height from the five age groups, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 5, group 2, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of body length, condylion height, condylion angle, and symphysis width, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 2, group 5, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of symphysis angle, sequentially, were in group 1, group 3, group 4, group 2, and  group 5. Conclusion: The mandibular morphology of each age group differs in Mongoloid races in Medan based on lateral cephalometric radiography in which changes are may be affected by the state of teeth and age.
Differences in photodynamic therapy exposure time and Staphylococcus aureus counts Adeline Jovita Tambayong; Ira Widjiastuti; Cecilia G. J. Lunardhi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p95-98

Abstract

Background: The success of endodontic treatment can be achieved when pathogenic bacteria are eliminated from the root canal and periapical tissue resulting in healing of such tissue. One of the bacteria located in root canals is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) reportedly found to be in severe periapical abscesses. Photodynamic therapy is one current technology that can help eliminate microorganisms without causing damage to human body cells. Average of research has been conducted using different tools and bacteria to evaluate the effects of exposure time used in photodynamic therapy on the number of bacteria. Purpose: The research reported here aimed to determine the correlation between the exposure time of photodynamic therapy and the number of S. aureus bacteria. Methods: The S. aureus bacteria used in this research were divided into seven treatment groups: a control group and six treatment groups with respective exposure times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds. All of the bacteria were administered a photosensitiser and radiated according to the treatment intended for each group. They were then planted in nutrient agar and incubated for 48 hours. The colonies of bacteria formed were calculated using the Quebec colony counter and subsequently analyzed by means of both Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: After calculating the number of bacterial colonies, the average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the non-irradiated group was 119 CFU/ml, 29 CFU/ml in the group with a 10-second exposure time, 20 CFU/ml in the group with a 20-second exposure time, 13 CFU/ml in the group with a 30-second exposure time, 7 CFU/ml in the group with a 40-second exposure time, but none in the groups with exposure times of 50 or 60 seconds. Conclusion: The longer the photodynamic therapy exposure time, the greater the number of S. aureus bacteria eliminated. An exposure time of 50 seconds was found to be sufficient to exterminate all S. aureus bacteria present.
Mauli banana stem extract application increased expression of NF-κB in traumatic ulcer healing Maharani Laillyza Apriasari; Retno Pudji Rahayu; Diah Savitri Ernawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p67-70

Abstract

Background: A traumatic ulcer represents one of the most prevalent disorders affecting the oral cavity. Ulceration of the oral cavity potentially results in secondary infection requiring topical medication which involves the use of antiseptics to accelerate wound healing. Previous research has shown that Mauli banana (Musa acuminata) stem extract (MBSE) contains bioactive material from terpenoid saponin present in Ambon bananas. The terpenoid saponin in Ambon banana stems will be captured by a G protein receptor in the macrophages, subsequently producing a protein kinase C that activates nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). This increases both the activity and number of macrophages. Purpose: To analyze the expression of NF-κB (p50) in traumatic ulcers as an effect of MBSE. Methods: A true experimental design with a post-test only control group. It involved 40 male Rattus norvegicus strain rats as traumatic ulcer models divided into four groups: the negative control group administered gel, and the other treatment groups administered 25%, 37.5% and 50% ethanol extracts of MBSE gel respectively. A biopsy was performed on days 3 and 5. The preparation was produced to analyze the expression of NF-κB (p50) by means of immunohistochemistry examination. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in NF-κB (p50) expression (p=0.005) following MBSE gel administration of 37.5% concentration on day 3 compared to day 5. Conclusion: It can be concluded that MBSE gel topical application can increase expression of NF-κB (p50) in traumatic ulcer healing.
Differences in mucin expression in the submandibular glands of rats during peridontitis induction Nunuk Purwanti; Banun Kusumawardhani; Kwartarini Murdiastuti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p52-56

Abstract

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produces lipopolysacharide (LPS) which acts as a stimulator of inflammation in periodontal tissues. Periodontitis-induced apoptosis and vacuolation of the salivary gland, therefore, causes hyposalivation. Mucin secretion is produced by the submandibular gland under stimulation by the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. Both forms of stimulation influence the volume of mucin secretion. Mucin saliva plays an important role in the early stages of Pg colonization in the oral cavity. On the other hand, it serves to protect against bacterial invasion. Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify differences in mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were assigned to either a sham periodontitis or a periodontitis group. The former group received a daily injection of a vehicle solution (n = 16), while members of the periodontitis induction group (n=16) were injected each day with 500 µL of Pg 108 into the mesial area of the upper molar. Mucin in the submandibular gland was analyzed at the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days after injection by means of periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining. Results: 28 days after injection mild gingivitis was developed in the periodontitis experiment group. Junctional epithelium (JE) thickness decreased gradually following the increase of PG injection periods (p<0.05).  However, mucin expression increased prominently at 7th, 14th, and 21th days after injection and decreased on day 28th after PG injection. Mucin was expressed in the duct cells of the submandibular gland. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that there are different levels of mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction.
Changes in the number of macrophage and lymphocyte cells in chronic periodontitis due to dental X-ray exposure Alhidayati Asymal; Eha Renwi Astuti; Rini Devijanti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p99-103

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by specific microorganisms that attacks tooth-supporting tissues, P. gingivalis bacteria are mostly found in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis which is usually diagnosed by means of clinical and radiographic examination. The latter play important roles in the management of periodontitis, including: establishing diagnosis, determining treatment plans and evaluating the results of treatment. Unfortunately, the use of X-rays to perform such radiographic examination has negative effects since the body’s various parts, especially the head, are not well protected from the effects of X-ray radiation. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the effects of dental X-ray exposure on the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in experimental subjects suffering from periodontitis. Methods: 36 rats that had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were divided into three groups, namely: a control group, treatment group I (exposed to a 0.16 mSv dose of radiation) and treatment group II (exposed to a 0.32 mSv dose of radiation). These subjects were subsequently sacrificed on the third and fifth days after treatment. Thereafter, histopathological examination was performed to identify any changes in the number of macrophages and lymphocytes. Results: The results of an HSD test confirmed that, on the third day, there were significant differences in the number of lymphocytes between the control group and treatment group I, as well as between the control group and treatment group II. On the fifth day, there were also significant differences in the number of lymphocytes between the control group and treatment group I, as well as between treatment group I and treatment group II. Similarly, there was a significant difference in the number of macrophage cells on the third day between the control group and treatment group I. On the fifth day, there were also significant differences in the number of macrophage cells between the control group and treatment group I, as well as between treatment group I and treatment group II. Conclusion: Dental x-ray exposure at a dose of 0.16 mSv can elevate the number of macrophages and lymphocytes on the third and fifth days. On the other hand, dental x-ray radiation at a dose of 0.32 mSv can reduce the number of macrophages on day 3 as well as the number of lymphocytes on the third and fifth days.
Behavior management-based applied behaviour analysis within dental examination of children with autism spectrum disorder Taufiqi Hidayatullah; Hendriati Agustiani; Arlette Suzy Setiawan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p71-75

Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with three main characteristics: communication disorders, social interaction disorders and repetitive behavior. The main problem faced when treating child patients with this disorder is the difficulty of establishing communication with the result that they are unable to understand instructions. One form of therapy frequently applied in cases of autism is that of applied behavior analysis (ABA). It is easier for children with ASD to absorb information visually. Purpose: The purpose of this study was  to evaluate the effectiveness of ABA-based behavior management using visual media in the form of picture cards for oral examination of children with ASD. Methods: The study design was observational descriptive in nature and the sample selection was based on purposive sampling. The study was conducted by observing changes in childrens’ behavior during treatment administered four times a month. The subjects were 13 children with ASD who met the study criteria and were receiving treatment for autism at Prananda special school in Bandung. The collated data related to changes in subjects’ behavior observed during four meetings assessed on the basis of score 1 confirming compliance with instructions and 0 indicating non-compliance. A Kruskal-Wallis statistical analisysis test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a general increase in the former over the latter initial behavior during treatment. Statistical analysis showed that the coefficient of Kruskal-Wallis was meaningful in terms of statistical significance with a p-value of 26.947 (<0.05). The multiple comparison value for average ranks was 15.68 (SD 18.69). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the application of a behavior management-based analytical methodology is effective in supporting the oral examination of children with ASD.
Effects of liquid ionic silver concentration on caspase-3 and p53mt expressions in the oral mucosal epithelium of Wistar rats R. Aries Muharram; I. Istiati; Pratiwi Soesilawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 3 (2018): September 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (532.095 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i3.p138-142

Abstract

Background: Silver, especially oxidized silver, has been used as a medicine considered to have bactericidal properties. In the present day, ionic silver (Ag+) is also used in the manufacture of cosmetics, socks, food containers, detergents, sprays and other products to prevent the spread of germs. Unfortunately, ionic silver is assumed to be toxic not only to bacteria, but also to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to identify the optimum dosage of ionic silver considered safe by investigating the effects of ionic silver concentration on cell death through activation of mutant p-53 expression by caspase 3 in the oral epithelium. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the effects of concentrated liquid ionic silver (Ag+) on caspase-3 and mutant p53 expression in the oral mucosal epithelium. Methods: This research constituted a laboratory-based experimental study with posttest-only design. The research subjects consisted of 28 Wistar rats, divided into four treatment groups, namely; KK (with Aquadest), KP 1 (with 5% liquid ionic silver), KP 2 (with 10% liquid ionic silver) and KP 3 (with 15% liquid ionic silver). Each rat was then treated orally with 0.5ml of liquid ionic silver at fixed concentrations twice a day for seven days. The Wistar rats were then terminated and their tissue samples processed by means of histopathological and immunohistochemical staining examination. The monoclonal Caspase-3 and mutant p53 expressions in each group were evaluated with the data being tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: Mutant p53 expression was also found in the control group. Moreover, the higher the concentration of liquid ionic silver, the greater the elevated Caspase-3 and mutant p53 expressions. Conclusion:  The concentration of liquid ionic silver plays an important role in elevating Caspase-3 and mutant p53 expressions.
Oral lesions as a clinical sign of systemic lupus erythematosus Eliza Kristina M. Munthe; Irna Sufiawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 3 (2018): September 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (710.541 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i3.p147-152

Abstract

Background: Oral lesions represent one of the most important clinical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with a high degree of clinical variability rendering it difficult to arrive at a prompt and accurate diagnosis. There are many unknown causes and multiple organ systems involved, with the result that permanent organ damage may occur before treatment commences. Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to discuss the importance of recognizing the lesions related to SLE which may help dentists to make an early diagnosis. Case: A 17-year-old female patient was referred by the Internal Medicine Department with a suspected case of SLE. Prior to admittance to the hospital, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculosis. A subsequent extraoral examination revealed ulceration with a blackish crust on the upper lip. An intraoral examination showed similar ulceration covered with a blackish crust on the labial mucosa accompanied by central erythema in the hard palate. Blood tests indicated decreased levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets, but increased levels of leukocytes. A diagnosis of oral lesions associated with SLE and angioedema was formulated. Case management: The patient was given 1% hydrocortisone and vaseline album for extraoral lesions, while 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was used to treat intraoral lesions. An improvement in the oral lesions manifested itself after two weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Early detection of oral lesions plays a significant role in diagnosing SLE. It is important for the dentist to recognize the presentation of diseases that may be preceded by oral lesions. A multidisciplinary approach and appropriate referrals are necessary to ensure comprehensive medical and dental management of patients with SLE.
The effect of Avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) on the fibroblast cells of post-extraction dental sockets in Wistar rats Christian Khoswanto; Wisnu Setyari Juliastuti; Karina Awanis Adla
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 3 (2018): September 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (825.205 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i3.p129-132

Abstract

Background: Tooth extraction, a common practice among the dental profession, causes trauma to the blood vessels during the wound healing process. The acceleration of wound healing, within which fibroblasts play an important role, is influenced by nutrition. Avocado leaves contain a variety of chemicals, including flavonoid compounds, tannins, katekat, kuinon, saponin and steroids/triterpenoid. Avocado leaves also contain glycosides, cyanogenic, alkaloids and phenols which function as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant agents. This avocado leaf content could be used as an alternative medicine to accelerate the wound healing process in post-tooth extraction sockets. Purpose: To determine the role of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill) in accelerating fibroblast cells proliferation in tooth socket post-extraction. Methods: The sample was divided into four groups, a control group and three treatment groups. The treatment groups used avocado leaf extract and 3% CMC Na solution which was inserted into the tooth sockets of Wistar rats. Both the control and treatment groups had their mandibula decapitated with all the required specimens being prepared on the 3rd and 7th days of the experiment. Mandibular decapitation and tooth extraction socket were prepared by HPA (Histology Pathology Anatomy) with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. The  fibroblast proliferation was analyzed by means of a light microscope at 400x magnification. The obtained data was analyzed using a t-Test. Result: The t-Test obtained a significance value 0.001 (p <0.05) between the control and treatment groups. The number of fibroblast cells increased in the group treated on the third day and decreased in the group treated on the seventh day. Conclusion: Avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) accelerates proliferation of fibroblast cells in Wistar rats post-tooth extraction.

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