Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Article Per Year (5 Year)

All

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

MKG
Website

Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 19783728 EISSN : 24429740 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Dentistry

The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 964 Documents

54 55 56 57 58

The effects of audio-video instruction in brushing teeth on the knowledge and attitude of young slow learners in Cirebon regency Yayah Sopianah; Muhammad Fiqih Sabilillah; O. Oedijani
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Young slow learners are children with special needs who require special attention to satisfy their personal hygiene needs, especially those of dental hygiene since they are particularly susceptible to tooth decay. Changing the knowledge and attitudes of those slow learners can be achieved by a proper method. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of teaching effective methods of brushing teeth by means of an audio video approach on the knowledge and attitude of young slow learners in Cirebon regency. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental in nature using pre test-post test methods within a two-group design. The sampling technique employed was purposive in nature. The number of young slow learners as respondents in this research totalled 31 individuals. Those children were, subsequently, divided into two groups; Group I containing 16 children, instructed in tooth brushing techniques by means of an audio video method and Group II composed of 15 children who were taught tooth brushing techniques manually. The variables measured consisted of subjects’ knowledge of and attitude towards how to brush teeth most effectively identified by means of a questionnaire, in order that the interval data could be collected. Results: The results of an independent T-test showed there to be significant differences in the mean scores of the knowledge variable and the attitude variable (p = 0.003 and p = 0.000 respectively) between Groups I and II, at that stage of the investigation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that instructional audio-videos on how to brush teeth most effectively can improve both the knowledge and attitude of children with slow learning problems.

The role of active ingredients nanopowder Stichopus hermanii gel to bone resorption in tension area of orthodontic tooth movement Noengki Prameswari; Arya Brahmanta
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 4 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a continual and balanced process between bone deposition and bone resorption in pressure and tension sites. Stichopus hermanii is one of the best fishery commodities in Indonesia. It is natural and contains various active ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, cell growth factor, eicosa pentaenoic acid (EPA) docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) and flavonoid that potentially play a role in orthodontic tooth movement. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the active ingredients of nanopowder Stichopus hermanii promoting bone resorption in tension area orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: A quantitative test for active ingredients of stichopus hermanii was conducted. Thirty two male Cavia cobaya were divisibled became four groups. K (–) groups as a negative control group (without treatment), K (+) groups as a positive control group which were provided with a separator rubber for orthodontic tooth movement, and P1, P2 groups, which were treated with 3% and 3.5% stichopus hermanii for orthodontic tooth movement. After treatment the cavia cobaya were sacrificed. TRAP-6 expression as a osteoclast marker was examined by means of an immunohistochemistry method. Results: A one-way Anova test confirmed that TRAP-6 expression was significantly increased with p = 0.00 (p≤0,05) in P2 compared to K (+). P2 to K (–), P2 to P1 and P1 to K (+) had no significant differences Conclusion: Nanopowder Stichopus hermanii 3.5% has an active ingredient that could increase osteoclast activity to resorb periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in tension areas of orthodontic tooth movement.

The correlation between untreated caries and the nutritional status of 6–12 years old children in the Medan Maimun and Medan Marelan sub-district Siti Salmiah; L. Luthfiani; Zulfi Amalia; Deandini Kusumah
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 1 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: In Indonesia, dental caries constitute one of the most common dental health problems in children. Untreated dental caries will cause both pain and inconvenience when eating, resulting in a reduced appetite which can negatively affect the Body Mass Index (BMI). Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between untreated caries and nutritional status in children aged 6-12 years old in the Medan Maimun and Medan Marelan sub-districts. Methods: An analytical observation study with cross-sectional design was adopted. The number of child subjects totaled 350, divided into two groups, namely; the PUFA/pufa group (n=172) and the Non-PUFA/pufa group (n=178). Samples were selected on the basis of purposive sampling. Oral examination was subsequently performed using the PUFA/pufa index. The height and weight of the subjects were assessed according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health’s BMI criteria of 2011. Thereafter, Chi square, Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests were all performed as analytical tests. Results: The results of this research revealed a significant correlation between caries status and BMI (p<0.001) in both the PUFA/pufa and Non PUFA/pufa groups (r=-0.515), as well as between the mean PUFA/pufa score and age. However, there was no significant correlation between the mean PUFA/pufa score and gender. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a correlation exists between untreated caries and the nutritional condition of children aged 6-12 years old in the Medan Maimun and Medan Marelan sub-districts.

Transforming growth factor beta 1 expression and inflammatory cells in tooth extraction socket after X-ray irradiation Ramadhan Hardani Putra; Eha Renwi Astuti; Rini Devijanti Ridwan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Radiographic examination is often used in dentistry to evaluate tooth extraction complications. X-ray used in radiographic examination, however, has negative effects, including damage to DNA and inflammatory response during wound healing process. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of X-ray irradiation on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) expression and number of inflammatory cells in tooth extraction sockets. Method: Thirty rats were divided into three groups, which consist of control group (with a radiation of 0 mSv), treatment group 1 (with a radiation of 0.08 mSv), and treatment group 2 (with a radiation of 0.16 mSv). These rats in each group were sacrificed on days 3 and 5 after treatment. Inflammatory cells which were observed in this research were PMN, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were used to calculate the number of inflammatory cells and TGF-ß1 expression. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software with one way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests. Result: There was no significant decrease in the number of PMN. On the other hand, there were significant decreases in the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in the sacrificed group on day-5 with the radiation of 0.16 mSv. Similarly, the most significant decreased expression of TGF-ß1 was found in the group sacrificed on day 5 with the radiation of 0.16 mSv. Conclusion: X-ray irradiation with 0.08 mSv and 0.16 mSv doses can decrease TGF-ß1 expression and number of inflammatory cells in tooth extraction sockets on day 3 and 5 post extraction.

Correlation between working positions and lactic acid levels with musculoskeletal complaints among dentists Fiory Dioptis Putriwijaya; Titiek Berniyanti; Indeswati Diyatri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 4 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Musculoskeletal complaints have been common for dentists since their body is unknowingly often in inappropriate positions when caring for patients. For example, they bend towards patients, suddenly move, and then rotate from one side to another. The repetitive movements are done in long term. High activities and sufficient recovery time can cause a buildup of lactic acid in their blood leading to obstruction of the energy intake from the aerobic system in their muscle cells, resulting in fatigue. As a result, such conditions trigger decreased muscle performances. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the correlation between working positions and lactic acid levels with the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists at Public Health Centers in Surabaya. Method: This research was an analytical observational research using cross sectional approach. Sampling technique used in this research was cluster random sampling with nineteen samples. To evaluate the working positions of those samples, a rapid entire body assessment (REBA) method was used. Meanwhile, to observe the musculoskeletal disorders of those samples, a Nordic body map was used. Data obtained then were analyzed using Pearson correlation test with a significance level (p<0.05). Result: Results of data analysis using the Pearson correlation test showed that the significance value obtained was 0.036. It indicates that there was a correlation between the working positions and the lactic acid levels with the musculoskeletal disorders in those dentists. The results of the Pearson correlation test also revealed that there was a correlation between the working positions and the lactic acid levels among those dentists with a significance value of 0.025. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the wrong body positions during working can increase lactic acid level in the body of dentists. The increased level of lactic acid then can affect their muscles, leading to the high risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Grafting effectiveness of Anadara granosa shell combined with sardinella longiseps gel on the number of osteoblast-osteoclast cells Eddy Hermanto; Rima Parwati Sari; Asri Cahyadita Dwi Imaniar; Kevin Anggoro
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 3 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Bone grafts derived from Anadara granosa shells contain calcium carbonate that possesses bone-healing properties. The combination of Sardinella Longiceps fish oil, containing EPA and DHA, and Anadara granosa shells was assumed to regulate the number of osteoblasts-osteoclasts during the bone-healing process. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Anadara granosa shell grafts, combined with Sardinella Longiceps fish oil, in the bone-healing process by observing the ratio of osteoblasts-osteoclasts in Rattus novergicus rats. Methods: The Wistar rat subjects (n = 25) were divided into five groups, namely: one untreated group (control), one group treated with bone grafts derived from Anadara granosa shells (P1), and the other three groups treated with a combination of Anadara granosa shells and Sardinella longiceps fish oil at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% (P2, P3, and P4). Then, a wound equivalent in size to half the diameter of a round bur (±1.5mm) was intentionally inflicted on the right femur of all the subjects. The rats were subsequently sacrificed on day 14, their femur in the transversal side being cut before HE staining was completed. Thereafter, the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts was measured by means of a light microscopy. The data was subsequently analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The average number of osteoblasts in all research groups increased, viz: 9.420±0.8044 for control group (K), 12.080±0.79811 for group P1, 20.020±0.7190 for group P2, 25.940±0.7197 for group P3, and 36.280±0.9985 for group P4. Similarly, the number of osteoclasts in all groups subject to analysis also increased, namely: 1.73±0.098 for group K, 2.19±0.305 for group P1, 1.60±0.088 for group P2, 1.60±0.724 for group P3, and 1.80±1.302 for group P4. Moreover, the results of the One-way Anova test confirmed that there were no significant differences in osteoclasts between all research groups (p>0.05). The results of the one-way ANOVA and LSD tests confirmed there to be significant differences (p <0.05) between group K and other treatment groups (P1, P2, P3, and P4). Conclusion: The grafts derived from the combination of Anadara granosa shells and Sardinella longiceps gel can induce the production of osteoblasts, but not in the numbers necessary during the healing processin the femurs in Rattus novergicus rats.

Analysis of Ki-67 expression as clinicopathological parameters in predicting the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma Silvi Kintawati; Murnisari Darjan; Winny Yohana
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 4 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland tumor located in the head and neck region. Although complete surgical resection and complementary radiotherapy have been shown to improve long-term survival rates, the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma remains poor. Ki-67 expression is considered a marker for the cellular proliferation rate, the detection of its expression usually being related to the aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the salivary gland. Purpose: This study was conducted to quantify the expression of Ki-67 in adenoid cystic carcinoma and to correlate the result with clinical parameters and histopathological grading in determining the prognosis. Methods: Twenty three cases of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital between 2013 and 2015. Clinical data such as age, gender, location of tumor and histopathological grading was also collected. The expression of Ki-67 was assessed by immunohistochemical means to determine the correlation of Ki-67 with clinical parameters and histopathological grading. Results: There were no significant differences between the expression of Ki-67 and clinical parameters, although a very strong correlation existed between the expression of Ki-67 and histopathological grading (p < 0.01). Conclusion: There were no correlation between the expression of Ki-67 and clinical parameters, although a correlation existed between the expression of Ki-67 and histopatological grading in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Thus, clinical parameters were unusable in determining the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma, although Ki-67 expression could be used for this purpose.

Histological changes during orthodontic tooth movement due to hyperbaric oxygen therapy Arya Brahmanta; Sutjipto Sutjipto; Ida Bagus Narmada
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Mechanical force of orthodontics causes changes in periodontal ligament vascularization and blood flow, resulting in biochemical and cellular changes as well as changes in the contour of the alveolar bone and in the thickness of the periodontal ligaments. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is one of many solutions stimulating the growth of new blood vessels and increasing tissue oxygenation. Thus, HBO plays a role in recovery of periodontal ligament and osteoblasts. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of HBO therapy for seven days on periodontal ligament size and osteoblast number in the tension site during bone remodeling in tooth movement. Method: The study was true experimental laboratories with completely randomized control group post test only design. Twenty-four males guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups. K0 was the control group without any treatment, K1 was the group given a mechanical orthodontic pressure, and K2 was the group treated with the addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The maxillary incisors were moved distally by elastic separator. After HBO therapy on day 7, all of the groups were sacrificed, and then periodontal ligament size and osteoblast number were analyzed by one-way Anova and LSD statistical tests. Result: The results showed significant differences in the size of the periodontal ligament and the number of osteoblasts in the tension site among the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: HBO therapy at 2.4 ATA for 7 days is effective in recovery of periodontal ligament and increased osteoblast number during bone remodeling in tension area of orthodontic tooth movement.

Effects of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) brewing on levels of RANKL and TGF- β1 in orthodontic tooth movement Herniyati Herniyati; Ida Bagus Narmada; Soetjipto Soetjipto
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 3 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement will be followed by periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling. Orthodontic mechanical force (OMF) will be distributed through the teeth to periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and then will generate local pressure resulting in bone resorption and tension areas that will form new bone. Robusta coffee contains caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. Caffeine may increase osteoclastogenesis, and caffeic acid has antioxidant effects that may reduce oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Purpose: This study conducted to analyze the effect Robusta coffee steeping on levels of RANKL and TGF-β1 in orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 16 male rats were divided into 2 groups. Group C: rats given OMF, Group T: given OMF and coffee brew at 20 mg/ 100 g BW. OMF in rats was conducted by applying ligature wire on the molar-1 (M-1) and both incisivus of right maxilla. Subsequently, M-1 of right maxilla was moved to mesial with a Niti closed coil spring. Observations were made on days 15 and 22 by taking the GCF by putting paper point on the gingival sulcus of mesio- and disto-palatal areas of M-1 of right maxilla to determine the levels of RANKL and TGF-β1 using ELISA method. Result: The administration of coffee brew was effective to increase levels of RANKL and TGF-β1 in the compression and tension areas (p <0.05). RANKL levels in compression area were higher than in the tension area (p <0.05), while the levels of TGF-β1 in the tension area were higher than in the compression area (p <0.05). Conclusion: The administration of coffee brew was effective to increase the levels of RANKL and TGF-β, therefore it might improve alveolar bone remodeling process.

Effects of filler volume of nanosisal in compressive strength of composite resin Dwi Aji Nugroho; W. Widjijono; N. Nuryono; Widya Asmara; Wijayanti Dwi Aastuti; Dana Ardianata
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 4 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: One of the composite resin composition is inorganic filler. The production of inorganic filler materials was highly dependent on non-degradable, and nonrenewable fossil fuels. Therefore, natural fibers can be used as substitute for inorganic fillers. One that can be developed is sisal. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of nanosisal filler volume on compressive strength of composite resin. Methods: In this study, composite resins with nano-sized sisal as filler were manufactured and labeled as nanosisal composites. This research processed sisal fibers into nano size and mixed them with Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, Champhorquinone (Sigma Aldrich). Nanofiller composite (Z350 XT, 3M, ESPE) was utilized as a control. The 20 samples utilized were divided into 4 groups (each group containing five samples): Group A contained nanosisal composite of 60% filler volume, group B, nanosisal composite of 65% filler volume, group C, nanosisal composite of 70% filler volume and group D, nanofiller composite (Z350 XT, 3M, ESPE). Samples were 2 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height. The sample was tested for compressive strength using a universal testing machine (UTM). Data was analyzed by means of a Kruskal Wallis procedure. Results: The mean of the compressive strength of the nanosisal composite 60% was 16.80 MPa; the nanosisal composite 65% was 10.80 MPa, the nanosisal composite 70% was 7.20 MPa and the nanofiller composite was 7.40 MPa. There was a significant difference in data analysis (p = 0.033; p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the filler volume of nanosisal influenced the compressive strength of a composite resin and the nanosisal filler volume was recomended at 60%.

Page 56 of 97 | Total Record : 964

54 55 56 57 58

Filter by Year

2005 2026

Filter By Issues

All Issue Vol. 59 No. 1 (2026) Vol. 58 No. 4 (2025): December Vol. 58 No. 3 (2025): September Vol. 58 No. 2 (2025): June Vol. 58 No. 1 (2025): March Vol. 57 No. 4 (2024): December Vol. 57 No. 3 (2024): September Vol. 57 No. 2 (2024): June Vol. 57 No. 1 (2024): March Vol. 56 No. 2 (2023): June 2023 Vol. 56 No. 1 (2023): March 2023 Vol. 56 No. 4 (2023): December Vol. 56 No. 3 (2023): September Vol. 55 No. 4 (2022): December 2022 Vol. 55 No. 3 (2022): September 2022 Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 Vol. 55 No. 1 (2022): March 2022 Vol. 54 No. 4 (2021): December 2021 Vol. 54 No. 3 (2021): September 2021 Vol. 54 No. 2 (2021): June 2021 Vol. 54 No. 1 (2021): March 2021 Vol. 53 No. 4 (2020): December 2020 Vol. 53 No. 3 (2020): September 2020 Vol. 53 No. 2 (2020): June 2020 Vol. 53 No. 1 (2020): March 2020 Vol. 52 No. 4 (2019): December 2019 Vol. 52 No. 3 (2019): September 2019 Vol. 52 No. 2 (2019): June 2019 Vol. 52 No. 1 (2019): March 2019 Vol. 51 No. 4 (2018): December 2018 Vol. 51 No. 3 (2018): September 2018 Vol. 51 No. 2 (2018): June 2018 Vol. 51 No. 1 (2018): March 2018 Vol. 50 No. 4 (2017): December 2017 Vol. 50 No. 3 (2017): September 2017 Vol. 50 No. 2 (2017): June 2017 Vol. 50 No. 1 (2017): March 2017 Vol. 49 No. 4 (2016): December 2016 Vol. 49 No. 3 (2016): September 2016 Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016 Vol. 49 No. 1 (2016): March 2016 Vol. 48 No. 4 (2015): December 2015 Vol. 48 No. 3 (2015): September 2015 Vol. 48 No. 2 (2015): June 2015 Vol. 48 No. 1 (2015): March 2015 Vol. 47 No. 4 (2014): December 2014 Vol. 47 No. 3 (2014): September 2014 Vol. 47 No. 2 (2014): June 2014 Vol. 47 No. 1 (2014): March 2014 Vol. 46 No. 4 (2013): December 2013 Vol. 46 No. 3 (2013): September 2013 Vol. 46 No. 2 (2013): June 2013 Vol. 46 No. 1 (2013): March 2013 Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012 Vol. 45 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012 Vol. 45 No. 1 (2012): March 2012 Vol. 44 No. 4 (2011): December 2011 Vol. 44 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 Vol. 44 No. 2 (2011): June 2011 Vol. 44 No. 1 (2011): March 2011 Vol. 43 No. 4 (2010): December 2010 Vol. 43 No. 3 (2010): September 2010 Vol. 43 No. 2 (2010): June 2010 Vol. 43 No. 1 (2010): March 2010 Vol. 42 No. 4 (2009): December 2009 Vol. 42 No. 3 (2009): September 2009 Vol. 42 No. 2 (2009): June 2009 Vol. 42 No. 1 (2009): March 2009 Vol. 41 No. 4 (2008): December 2008 Vol. 41 No. 3 (2008): September 2008 Vol. 41 No. 2 (2008): June 2008 Vol. 41 No. 1 (2008): March 2008 Vol. 40 No. 4 (2007): December 2007 Vol. 40 No. 3 (2007): September 2007 Vol. 40 No. 2 (2007): June 2007 Vol. 40 No. 1 (2007): March 2007 Vol. 39 No. 4 (2006): December 2006 Vol. 39 No. 3 (2006): September 2006 Vol. 39 No. 2 (2006): June 2006 Vol. 39 No. 1 (2006): March 2006 Vol. 38 No. 4 (2005): December 2005 Vol. 38 No. 3 (2005): September 2005 Vol. 38 No. 2 (2005): June 2005 Vol. 38 No. 1 (2005): March 2005 More Issue

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Saka Winias

Contact Email
saka.winias@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
dental_journal@yahoo.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Saka Winias

Contact Email saka.winias@gmail.com

Phone -

Journal Mail Official dental_journal@yahoo.com

Editorial Address -

Location Kota surabaya, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Saka Winias

Contact Email
saka.winias@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
dental_journal@yahoo.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA