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INDONESIA
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 980 Documents
Reinforcing three-dimensional self-reinforcing self-etch adhesive and surface conditioning in immediate dentin sealing of composite resin–dentin Andriani, Poppy; Prijanti Dwisaptarini, Ade; Fibryanto, Eko; Tjandrawinata, Rosalina; Suebnukarn, Siriwan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p141-147

Abstract

Background: Exposed dentin must be sealed with a dentin bonding agent immediately after tooth preparation, described as immediate dentin sealing (IDS). The purpose of IDS is to prevent dentin contamination during temporary restorations, reduce dentin hypersensitivity, and improve bond strength. Self-etch (SE) adhesive can be easily removed during surface treatment before cementation in the IDS technique. Reinforced SE adhesive with an additional layer of flowable composite significantly increases bond strength. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of reinforcing one-bottle SE adhesive with a three-dimensional self-reinforcing monomer and surface conditioning with air abrasion and pumice on the bonding of composite resin to dentin in the IDS technique. Methods: Thirty-six human premolars were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Each group was divided into two sub-groups (n = 6) according to the adhesive system and surface conditioning. All samples were restored with 3 × 3 × 3 mm composite resin before being tested for shear bond strength. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Sidak’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). Results: There were significant differences between groups. Total-etch with pumice showed a higher mean value of shear bond strength than SE with air abrasion. Conclusion: The use of air abrasion in the IDS technique with SE adhesive affects the shear bond strength of dentin. Surface conditioning with air abrasion or pumice with SE adhesive showed the lowest mean values compared with SE adhesive with an additional layer of flowable composite resin.
Orthodontic retreatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with microdontia using an interdisciplinary approach: A case report Yasha, Ryza; Romadhoni, Sarah Fitria; Pudyani, Pinandi Sri; Alhasyimi, Ananto Ali; Vázquez-Santos, Francisco José; Yuniva, Hasna Syifa; Ratih, Diatri Nari
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p193-199

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic treatment failure and unstable treatment results can lead to orthodontic retreatment. Excessive overjet, convexity, and upper and lower lip protrusion are common in Class II malocclusion. When combined with microdontia (smaller-than-average teeth), it presents unique challenges. Purpose: To describe retreatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with microdontia using orthodontic and conservative approaches. Case: A 25-year-old female patient with a skeletal Class II relationship with bimaxillary retrognathism and protrusion of the lower incisors. An intraoral examination showed a Class II molar relationship on the right side, a deep overbite (5.47 mm), a large overjet (5.33 mm), multiple diastemas, and microdontia in tooth 22. Teeth #14, #24, #34, and 44 were extracted during a previous orthodontic treatment. Case management: Orthodontic retreatment was initiated with bracket placement using the edgewise technique. A multiloop archwire was installed to achieve leveling and alignment with a 0.14-inch stainless steel round archwire. Treatment involved bite opening with L loops, mesialization of teeth #11, #21, #12, and #22, retraction of the anterior segment, finishing, and root paralleling. After 22 months of orthodontic treatment, the brackets were debonded, and the patient received direct composite veneer treatment to reshape teeth #12 and #22. Post-retreatment facial evaluation showed a significant improvement in overall facial harmony. Intraoral examination showed Class I molar and canine relationships, good interdigitation, and adequate overbite (2.9 mm) and overjet (3.2 mm). Conclusion: Orthodontic retreatment of a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with microdontia, when combined with conservative approaches, can significantly improve the patient’s facial profile and stomatognathic function.
Physiological alterations in the oral microbiome: A scoping review Ohara, Masaru; Puteri, Mega Moeharyono; Kagami, Hideaki; Kazaoka, Yoshiaki; Saskianti, Tania
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p178-184

Abstract

Background: The oral cavity contains more than 774 species of microorganisms, which are collectively referred to as the oral microbiome. Oral microorganisms and their hosts maintain harmonious relations to coexist. Although there are many reviews on the relationship between oral diseases and oral microbiome composition, few articles describe the timing and causes of alterations in the oral microbiome of healthy individuals, particularly those due to lifestyle changes. Purpose: This review aims to identify factors related to physiological alterations in the oral microbiome of healthy individuals due to lifestyle changes, excluding disease-associated dysbiosis. Review: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Wiley online databases for the period of 2014–2024. Using the keywords ([oral microbiome change] AND [oral microbiome alteration]) AND (geographic, ethnic, culture, or lifestyle), 17 articles matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. Physiological microbiome alterations were categorized into three groups: (a) the historical change of the oral microbiome from ancient to modern lifestyles, (b) the dynamics of the oral microbiome over short periods due to current lifestyle changes, and (c) oral microbiome alterations during developmental stages. Conclusion: This review identified representative factors related to physiological alterations in the oral microbiome, including ancient–modern lifestyle changes, immigration, and childhood development. These three factors may assist physicians in distinguishing between dysbiosis and physiological change. Because time-course study designs make it easier to understand individual changes, researchers recommend utilizing longitudinal study methods.
Diamond frenotomy: A novel surgical technique for gummy smile aesthetic correction Maulidi, Shalahuddin; Wusqo, Evi Urwatul; Salsabila, Nida Hana; Krismariono, Agung
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p200-205

Abstract

Background: A ‘gummy’ smile, also known as excessive gingival display, is a dental condition characterized by the excessive visibility of the gums when a person smiles. This condition typically occurs when more than 3–4 mm of gum tissue is exposed, making the teeth appear shorter and affecting the smile’s aesthetic appeal. Purpose: This case report aims to explain the minimally invasive surgery technique for correcting a gummy smile using diamond frenotomy. Case: A 24-year-old woman with the chief complaint that her gingiva was visible excessively when smiling. Case management: Intraoral examination on the maxillary anterior region showed a gingival margin at the normal position, normal texture, standard color of gingiva, and normal crown size. Diamond frenotomy with a double mosquito hemostat was inserted parallel to the attached gingiva and vestibule, then incised until the two mosquito clamps met, producing the remaining frenum tissue to be excised. Following evaluation over six months, the gummy smile was observed to have been significantly reduced. Conclusion: Diamond frenotomy is an innovative surgical technique for gummy smile correction.
A case of aesthetic and functional rehabilitation for loss of posterior support Mazlan, Mohd Khairul Firdaus; Abdullah Zawawi, Nadiyah; Mohamed Kassim, Zethy Hanum
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p185-192

Abstract

Background: In patients with prolonged posterior edentulism, compensatory changes such as overclosure and supraeruption of the remaining teeth frequently occur, leading to disruption of the occlusal plane and posing major challenges in prosthodontic rehabilitation to achieve optimal function, aesthetics, and comfort. Purpose: This case report highlights the stepwise multidisciplinary management and techniques involved in prosthodontic rehabilitation in a case using fixed and removable prostheses, emphasizing the method of restoring vertical dimension to achieve functional occlusion. Case: A 68-year-old retired Malay male presented with complaints of defective crowns, multiple missing teeth, non-carious cervical lesions, and generalized tooth surface loss. Key findings included posterior supraeruption, uneven occlusal planes, and generalized horizontal bone loss. Diagnoses included pulp necrosis with apical periodontitis, biofilm-induced gingivitis on a reduced periodontium, and partial edentulism. Case Management: Treatment began with stabilization of the primary conditions, followed by the extraction of unrestorable teeth. The vertical dimension was then re-established using interim acrylic dentures at centric relation, allowing assessment of the patient’s adaptation. Preliminary restorative treatment included root canal therapy for non-vital teeth and placement of fiber posts. In the final restorative phase, the occlusal plane was corrected using lithium disilicate crowns, and posterior support was restored with cobalt-chromium partial dentures. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved through meticulous planning and execution. Conclusion: This case highlights the successful rehabilitation of a patient with increased occlusal vertical dimension using a multidisciplinary approach. The integration of fixed and removable prostheses, along with patient compliance, ensured functional and aesthetic outcomes, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive treatment planning in prosthodontics.
Chimeric proteins consisting of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and a collagen-binding peptide: An in silico analysis Dhaniswari, Salma Najmi; Putri, Andi Amanda Artenia; Saninggar, Karina Erda; Abe, Fumika; Hirata, Isao; Kato, Koichi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p160-165

Abstract

Background: To design functional chimeric proteins, the order of connected domains and the insertion of a linker between the domains need to be optimized for the proper folding of individual domains. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of linker lengths and their flexibility, as well as domain arrangements. Methods: Focusing on a chimeric protein consisting of a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) domain, a collagen-binding peptide derived from osteopontin (OPNP) or decorin (DECP), and different lengths of flexible (GGGGS)n or rigid (EAAAK)n linkers, the three-dimensional structure of these chimeric proteins was computationally analyzed using AlphaFold2. The predicted structure of the BMP2 domain was compared with the BMP2 reference structure. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) was determined between the backbone α-carbons in the predicted and reference structures to assess the structural integrity of the BMP2 domain. Results: The RMSD determined for the BMP2 chimeras decreased by inserting the flexible linkers, with relatively small RMSD in the case of OPNP-(GGGGS)1–4-BMP2 and DECP-(GGGGS)1–2-BMP2. In the case of the rigid linkers, the RMSD was slightly larger than in the case of the flexible linkers. Most of the RMSD values for the chimeric proteins binding to the receptor were smaller than those in the unbound state. Regarding the domain arrangements, a slightly smaller RMSD was observed in the case of N-terminal OPNP or DECP fusion with the flexible and rigid linkers than in the opposite cases. Conclusion: Adding OPNP or DECP at the N-terminus of the BMP2 domain through the flexible (GGGGS)1–3 linker is advantageous for the structural integrity of the BMP2 domain.
The effect of fluoride use, oral healthcare behavior, and water sources on the prevalence of dental caries in preschool-aged children in Thailand Korwanich, Kanyarat; Korwanich, Narumanas; Chakkrawan, Chittraphone
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p148-154

Abstract

Background: Since Thailand’s government implemented a regulation allowing 1,500 ppm of fluoride in over-the-counter toothpastes, a few studies have explored behaviors related to fluoride intake in areas high in natural fluoride. Purpose: This study aims to explore toothbrushing habits, water sources used for meal preparation, and toothpaste use among 4–5-year-olds to determine how these factors influence the prevalence of dental caries in preschool-aged children in areas with naturally occurring high levels of fluoride. Methods: A self-reporting questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the parents of 304 4–5-year-old schoolchildren in the Lamphun province of Thailand. The questionnaire was designed to assess toothbrushing habits, water sources used for meal preparation, and toothpaste use among young schoolchildren. Dental caries data were obtained from the annual school record of each child. Statistical analysis was performed to test the association between oral healthcare habits and dental caries prevalence at a significance level of 0.05. Results: More than ninety-five percent of respondents used fluoridated toothpaste with concentrations of 1,000–1,500 ppm, and 57.9% rinsed their mouths thoroughly after toothbrushing (i.e., until they “felt clean”). Most parents used bottled water for drinking, mixing milk, and cooking. Significant associations were found between dental caries prevalence and the use of fluoridated toothpaste; toothpaste fluoride concentrations; and water sources used for cooking, drinking, and mixing infant formula (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite living in an area with naturally high fluoride levels in water sources, most children used fluoridated toothpaste to prevent dental caries and bottled water with a lower fluoride concentration for cooking and drinking. The common practice of thoroughly rinsing the mouth with water highlights the need for advocacy around proper practices to effectively maintain fluoride ions in the oral cavity.
Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and nano-hydroxyapatite on bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression and formation of odontoblast-like cells in rats with inflamed dental pulp Ismiyatin, Kun; Soetojo, Adioro; Sukaton; binti Tengku Ahmad Noor, Tengku Natasha Eleena; Sari, Paramita Tanjung; Anggraeni, Fridianty; Aini, Nisrina Qurrota; Maharani, Nadia Dwi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p166-171

Abstract

Background: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) have demonstrated promising bioactive properties for use in vital pulp therapy; EGCG exhibits antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, whereas n-HA promotes osteogenic differentiation and dentin bridge formation. Purpose: To evaluate the combined effect of EGCG and n-HA on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells (OLCs) in rats with inflamed dental pulp. Methods: Fifty-four Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to six groups and anesthetized. Class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface of the maxillary right first molar using a 0.84-mm-diameter low-speed diamond bur, followed by pulp chamber perforation with a dental probe. The exposed pulps were treated with n-HA, EGCG, or a combination of both. Cavities were sealed using resin-modified glass ionomer cement; BMP-2 and OLC expression levels were evaluated on days 7 and 14. Results: On day 7, the mean number of OLCs was lowest in the n-HA group (2.667 ± 1.225) and highest in the combination group (8.889 ± 1.691). Tukey’s honestly significant difference test indicated significant differences between the combination group and both the n-HA and EGCG groups (P < 0.05). By day 14, the mean number of OLCs increased in all groups, with the combination group showing the highest value (12.443 ± 2.167). The Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test confirmed significant intergroup differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of EGCG and n-HA enhances BMP-2 expression levels and OLC differentiation, supporting its potential as a biologically active pulp capping material.
Association of salivary retinol-binding protein 4 levels with periodontal disease in obese and nonobese individuals: A case–control study Thaha, Mohamed; Rajasekar, Arvina
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p155-159

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory infectious disease influenced by systemic inflammation, with obesity playing a key role in affecting human health and well-being. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), an adipokine elevated in obesity, is involved in inflammatory signaling and may serve as a biomarker for periodontal disease. While previous studies assessed serum RBP4, saliva offers a noninvasive, site-specific medium. Evaluating salivary RBP4 may provide insights into periodontal medicine and obesity-associated inflammation. Purpose: To evaluate and compare salivary RBP4 levels in obese and nonobese individuals and examine their relationship with clinical periodontal indicators. Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study consisted of 50 systemically healthy individuals (25 obese and 25 nonobese), aged 25–50 years. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained, and RBP4 levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses involved independent t-tests and Pearson’s correlation. Results: Obese individuals showed substantially higher mean PPD (6.46 ± 1.02 mm), CAL (7.97 ± 1.46 mm), and salivary RBP4 concentration (24.18 ± 2.54 ng/mL) compared with their nonobese counterparts (PPD: 3.72 ± 0.12 mm; CAL: 4.02 ± 0.02 mm; RBP4: 9.26 ± 1.62 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). A strong, statistically significant correlation was found between RBP4 levels and both PPD and CAL in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Salivary RBP4 concentrations were elevated in obese individuals, with a strong correlation to periodontal clinical indices. These findings suggest that salivary RBP4 may have potential as a noninvasive indicator of inflammatory activity in obesity-associated periodontal disease, warranting further investigation in larger, longitudinal studies.
Therapeutic potential of thymoquinone gel in stage II grade A periodontitis: a prospective clinical and biochemical evaluation Nedumaran, Nivedha; Rajasekar, Arvina
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p172-177

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral disease influenced by microbial plaque and oxidative stress, affecting human health and wellbeing. Conventional therapy with scaling and root planing (SRP) may benefit from adjunctive medicine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thymoquinone, derived from Nigella sativa, has shown promise in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, there is limited clinical evidence regarding its adjunctive use in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Purpose: This clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% thymoquinone gel as an adjunct to SRP in treating stage II grade A periodontitis. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with stage II grade A periodontitis were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (Control), receiving SRP alone (n = 15), and Group 2 (Test), receiving SRP with 0.2% thymoquinone gel (n = 15). Clinical parameters, including the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD), were assessed. Additionally, oxidative stress index (OSI), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in unstimulated saliva samples. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and three months post-treatment. Statistical analyses were employed to compare outcomes within and between groups. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant intragroup improvements (p < 0.05) in TOS, TAOC, CAL, PPD, GI, PI, and OSI from baseline to three months. However, intergroup comparisons revealed that Group 2 showed significantly greater improvement (p < 0.05) in all parameters except PI, which remained statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The adjunctive use of 0.2% thymoquinone gel with SRP resulted in significantly greater improvements in clinical parameters (PPD, CAL, GI) and salivary oxidative stress markers (TOS, OSI, TAOC) compared with SRP alone. The study supports the potential role of thymoquinone as an adjunctive antioxidant agent in improving nonsurgical management of stage II grade A periodontitis.

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