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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 404 Documents

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Penguatan identitas lokal dan penolakan vigilantisme atas nama agama Manggala Ismanto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 3 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

After the reformation, the strengthening of local identity has sprung up in several regions in Indonesia. The movement produced the revitalization of adat. These movements underlining the effort from communities which affiliated with a particular ethnic identity to gain claims of management of the natural and political-economic resources in their region. Contestation between the indigenous Dayak community and ‘Front Pembela Islam” (FPI) that occurred in Palangkaraya was a phenomenon that shows how indigenous people were able to assert its right to manage security and morality in their own society. The discourse of FPI’s establishment which often associated with vigilantism brought resistance and the refusal from Dayak community in Central Kalimantan. Through demonstrations, DAD and the indigenous Dayak community was able to exclude FPI from Palangkaraya. Thus, this research aims to analyze (1) the history of ethnic and religious identity movements in Indonesia after the reformation and (2) how the contestation between indigenous Dayak community and FPI occurred in the local context according to identity recognition and legitimation. This research used qualitative approach; data gathered through field observation and unstrucutred interviews. The research concludes that there is an awareness in the community to negotiate their position as an opposition to the occurence of a group with particular ideology, which has become the research highlight. This was proven by the case in Palangkaraya that vigilantism on the name of religion is not supposed to be maintain because it violates the right of other group.

Mapping interpersonal violence against women in the District of Nias, 2009-2016 Mita Yesyca; Formas Juitan Lase; Nenny Anggraini
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 1 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The research is about mapping interpersonal violence against women in the Nias District, North Sumatera. The patriarchal culture which has a hold in the area has significant effects on women. Using a social mapping approach and a feminist perspective, data in this research were collected through literature study, i.e. reports of service provider institutions on violence cases in Nias District, as well as observation and interview methods with local leaders in its ten sub-districts. The feminist perspective is useful to give voice to the unheard” female actors in a patriarchal society. Findings based on secondary data show that cases of violence in the Nias District from 2009-2016 fluctuated, with a total of 116 cases. The most frequent cases of violence experienced by women are physical violence, as many as 76 cases, sexual violence 31 cases, psychological violence eight cases and economic violence one case. The data collected from the interview and observation are 180 cases. The overall data show that physical violence occupies the highest number (secondary data 65.51% and primary data 53.88%) in the form of a beating received by the wife (domestic violence). The character of women’s vulnerability to violence varies ineach sub-district and is highly dependent on regional geographic-economic conditions. Therefore, the approach to the resolution of violence in each sub-district may vary. As a conclusion, the practice of violence against women in the Nias District is like an iceberg phenomenon that still needs to be followed up. The research also shows the potential of related institutions partnership, especially encouraged by churches, to end practices of interpersonal violence against women in the Nias District.

The synergy of marine fishing and the eco-tourism sector as the solution in resolving poverty of fishermen Sunarlan Sunarlan; Kusnadi Kusnadi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 2 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The socio-economic condition of the traditional fishermen in Blimbingsari Village is considered to be less than the optimum. This problem has happened due to the diminishing revenue from fishing activities. The opportunity to work in the oﬀ-fishing sectors available are also limited, thus this creates a problem for thefishermen when it comes to earning an additional income. The objective of this article is to explore the alternative economic resources’ potential, with the aim of increasing the fishermen's revenue, to overcome poverty, and to improve their welfare. This study used a qualitative method to analyse the data. The results of the study reveal that the diminishing revenue of the fishermen is caused by the scarcity of the fishery resources, the unstable weather conditions that aﬀect the ability to sail, and the limited seafaring coverage. On the other hand, the marine eco-tourism sector may have the opportunity to assist in the improvement of the business diversification of fishing. Although the marine eco-tourism sector is running at a limited capacity, this sector is able to accommodate the development of tourism services. The fishermen's family members are able to be involved in their business activities. For instance, by becoming a helper in the fish stall business or even having the chance to establish their own business. The need for a fish supply for the fish stall business can be obtained from the local fishermen. Therefore, a mutual synergy between the eco-tourism and fishing sectors can be created by involving village-owned business, particularly when it comes to organising the local economic potential. This synergy can provide the chance to develop economic opportunities at a wider range. The rearrangement of the coastal area is also necessary to provide an opportunity for the local people to participate in coastal-based economic activities.

Membangun modal sosial pada gabungan kelompok tani Teguh Budi Trisnanto; Fitriani Fitriani; Cholid Fatih
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 1 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Sumber Makmur farmer’s association (Gapoktan) have been changed structurally due to village enlargement processes. Differences of opinion, interest conflict, truth and norm, the decreasing the participation and cooperation were regarded as threat to Gapoktan performance. This study aims to explore members of Gapoktan’s perspective toward social capital values. This article also explores social capital mechanism to realize Gapoktan good performance. This study conducted in Pekon Adiluwih, Adiluwih sub-district, Pringsewu District in 2013. Respondents were Gapoktan management board and members (33 person). Data collected by in-depth interviews. Qualitative description method used to analyze the data. Based on the discussion, the research concludes that: (1) the main social capital elements patch in Sumber Makmur farmer’s group are: identity (X1, X2, X3), vision and goal (X4, X5), truth (X6, X7), smash anxiety (X8, X9), dan openness (X10). Positive value of social capital is considered as intrinsic value which create bonds between Gapoktan members. Mechanism to built solidarity of member was developed by strengthen trust to every members, and uniting identity, cooperation, and openness in a synergetic networks.

Peran Broadband Learning Center dalam community development Putu Aditya Ferdian Ariawantara
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 2 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Answering the need of non-formal education or courses that reach all levels of society in the field of information and communication technology (ICT), the Government of Surabaya through the Department of Communications and Information Technology has developed Broadband Learning Center (BLC). BLC plays significant role in community development Surabaya since they provide media for public to choose training program which they can register independently or in groups training for free. This study aims to describe the framework in BLC as the implementation of e-governance performed by Government of Surabaya and to explore the role of BLC in community development process in achieving e-governance. The method used by researcher is qualitative approach with descriptive research type, focusing on Department of Communications and Information Technology, BLC Rumah Bahasa, BLC Taman Prestasi and BLC Taman Flora. This research reveals that BLC is facilitated with openness service to IT and various courses to enhance capacity and capability to utilize computer, and to increase public participation in using IT based program.

Democratic values in Balinese traditional society: Analysis of the making and the content of Desa Pakraman’s awig-awig IGP Bagus Suka Arjawa; IGA Mas Rwa Jayantiari
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 4 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This article describes the existence of democracy at a traditional level in Desa Pakraman in Bali. In Balinese society, Desa Pakraman is the root of social life, where people make interaction in culture and religion. Desa Pakraman is an organization underlies the life of Balinese society. Desa Pakraman has traditional instrument, called awig-awig. Awig-awig is an instrument of customary law in the society where the people have to obey the norms of the traditional law institution. Democratic practices and norms are apparent when people at Desa Pakraman build the awig-awig. Freedom of opinion can be found when people deliver their opinion we can find the equality of the human being. The research held in Desa Pakraman Penyalin, Tabanan, Bali, with qualitative method research. This research used democratic theory and participant theory. The research found that democracy has been practised at traditional society in Bali especially when people build the instrument of customary law. In Bali, this is called awig-awig. The awig-awig contains democratic instruments like equality before the law, human right and regular election to vote Desa Pakraman’s officials.

Cultural adaptation in the form of a mosque roof in the South Konawe District of the Southeast Sulawesi Province Muhammad Zakaria Umar; Muhammad Arsyad
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 2 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Although it is already embodied in Islamic culture, acculturation can still be traced to elements of the supporting cultures. When the religion of Islam entered into Indonesia, the original culture was not brought with them, so the previous culture was continued by Islam. When the mosque concept is embodied as a cultural product, there are various forms and various buildings involved in the mosque. Mosques located in the Middle East are diﬀerent from mosques in Indonesia. The form of the roof overlaps with that taken from the roof of ancient mosques in Indonesia. The form of roof overlap at mosques in South Konawe District has been traced by the author. This study aims to identify and analyse what cultural elements aﬀect the shape of the roof of the mosque and the form of acculturation of the cultures at the mosques in the District of South Konawe. This research was used a qualitative descriptive method. This research concluded that the architecture as part of the Hindu cultural system, Islamic mysticism, and Europe acculturate is displayed in the roof of the mosque in the District of South Konawe. The roof shape of the two-tiered or three-storey mosque (Hindu culture and the Islamic principles of Mysticism) and the roof covered with mustaks shaped like onions (European culture) was formed by the acculturation of the three cultures.

Dominasi Medis Modern Atas Medis Tradisional Suku Sumuri, Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat Atik Triratnawati
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 2 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Declaration 1990-2015 MDG's 4 and 5 points in Indonesia fail due to a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rate is not reached until three quarters. Sumuri District, in West Papua is one of the area that maternal and infant mortality rates high, althought free health care for its residents. This paper wants to explore how the interaction between modern medicine and local medicine so the dominant health care in the community will be identified. Ethnographic study by living together with the local community to make the observation of the patient's health centers, community leader interviews, adult population, health workers and mini Focus Group Discussion among 4 mothers who has under 5 years old children conducted in June 2014. Government, oil and gas companies are aggressively introducing modern medical to the residents of SumuriDistrict, as a result communities have high interest to visit the health center for treatment and natural healing tends to disappear. New health institutions such as health centers, integrated health, midwives, nurses, physicians are able to shift the role of traditional birth attendants, traditional healer or traditional medicine. As a result of social relations within the extended family was replaced by a stronger role of midwives, nurses and doctors. However, the older generation tends to be more suitable with traditional healing compare to modern medicine.

Private actor accountability on international regimes Wahyudi Purnomo; Novita Putri Rudiany; Citra Hennida
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 4 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged along with the growing role of corporations in global development. One of the largest forms of PPP today is the UN Global Compact. The UN Global Compact involves of companies, NGOs, IGOs and state governments. All of them are trying to realize globalization with a more humanist face with attention to the protection of human rights, environment, labor standards and anti-corruption. Engaging private actors in global governance, The UN Global Compact raises many issues such as power, authority, and legitimacy. The effort to tackle it all is to increase PPP accountability. This research seeks to describe what efforts can be made to enhance private accountability within the international regime. The research undertaken is a descriptive study, focuses on public-private partnerships in the UN Global Compact regime. The study found that there were two attempts that could be done. First, by involving the stakeholders in the development of procedures, mechanisms, reporting and monitoring associated with trying to improve the company’s reputation. Second, by looking at corporate relations as agent and UN Global Compact as principal in principal-agent relation in the international regime.

Clientelism and vote buying in local elections: A case study of Kartu Bintan Sejahtera Tri Samnuzulsari; Wayu Eko Yudiatmaja
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 1 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study finds out clientelism and vote buying on Kartu Bintan Sejahtera (KBS) in Bintan Regency, Riau Islands. The objective of this study is to understand the practices of clientelism and vote buying using KBS. This study based on case study research. The informants consist of General Election Commission of (KPUD) Riau Islands, candidates of the governor of Riau Islands 2015-2020, candidates of Bintan Regent 2015-2020, along with their supporting parties and campaigning team, and bureaucracy of the implementation of KBS. The main findings of this study suggest that KBS is used as a clientelism and vote buying practices by the candidate of Riau Islands governor and Bintan Regent, 2015-2020 period. This study also finds that formal and informal political networks are utilized by the candidates as a clientelism and vote buying arenas. This study not only contributes to the literature of clientelism and vote buying, but also adds the literature of social policy in the context of Indonesian local politics setting. This study suggests that KBS is used as a media to obtain the support of the voters in the election of governor of Riau Islands and regent of Bintan 2015-2020. All candidates capitalize the issue of KBS to obtain the popularity. The patterns of the practice of clientelism and vote buying in KBS is by using various media campaigns to promote the success story of KBS. Not only in formal campaign but also in informal campaign, they always promote KBS as their success.

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