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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 404 Documents

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Women’s empowerment model in home-based industries in East Java Province, Indonesia Emy Susanti; Siti Mas'udah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 4 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study aimed to classify the role of women, gender and characteristics of home-based industries that were managed by women in two cities of East Java Province. This study also tried to identify strengths, weaknesses and challenges faced by these women, especially impoverished women. The research employed qualitative method supported by quantitative data. The data collected through structured interviews guided by questionnaires and indepth interviews. Three main results were attained. First, it was related to the characteristics of women workers, the role of multi-burdened women, the flexible working hours, formal education but unrelated to work, and low income but still importantly needed to support economic condition. Second, three networks were found: network between manager/owner and workers that was informal and family-oriented, network between managers and local government for marketing and training, and network with the private sector for access to capital and business development. Third, the model of empowering small home-based industries should consider the specific needs of women. In other words, there is a requisite for practical and strategic gender needs that has to be comprehended and become the basis for the planning and development to conduct activities and programs for women.

Women Empowerment for Poverty Reduction in Ring-1 Rural Area of a Cement Company in Tuban, East Java Province, Indonesia Rustinsyah Rustinsyah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 1 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The existence of a cement company in a rural area may influence the local people, including women who are not employed by the company. This study aims at presenting the case of women empowerment in a Ring-1 area of a cement company in Indonesia. The research used qualitative approach. The results show that the company’s existence with its CSR programs have helped empowering rural women in social, educational, religious, organizational, and economic aspects. The social aspect is shown in the health programs. The educational aspect can be seen in the provision of scholarships for formal education and non-formal training. The religious aspect is actualized in the form of incentives for religion teachers and religious festivals. The organizational aspect is shown in the involvement of women in PKM management. Finally, the economic aspect includes: a) the construction of village road infrastructure as compensation of taxes derived from the company; b) the inclusion of workers from outside the village encourages the emergence of food stalls, grocery stalls, gasoline kiosks, and boarding houses; and c) the development of traditional markets. This study confirms that the company’s existence has encouraged rural women to improve their livelihoods and help alleviate their families from poverty.

Penguatan Kelembagaan Kelurahan Pasca Implementasi UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah Bambang Tri Harsanto; Slamet Rosyadi; Wahyuningrat Wahyuningrat; Simin Simin
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 2 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The reduction of kelurahan (Sub-District Government) authority has decreased its duties and functions after the implementation of the Law No. 23/2014 on Local Governance. This policy stimulates several kelurahan at Wonosobo Region to propose their villages’ status changing from kelurahan into desa (Rural Government). Based on this case, this research aims to analyze the actual performance of kelurahan, and the motives of the village status changing. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach to answer those objectives.Observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion are used to obtain data from informants who represent kelurahan, local government, non-government organizations and community leaders. Technique ofdata analysis of this research uses interactive data analysis including collecting, condensing, and describing data which is ended by conclusion. Results of study show that although the main function and tasks of kelurahan has decreased significantly, in general, the performance in service area still satisfies the public. However, services for development of public facilities are still far from public expectation. Furthermore, this research also found that there are 4 aspects encouraging the kelurahan to change into desa, namely economic, political, geographical and community profile motives. Implication of this research leads to the need of strengthening of kelurahan particularly in developing physical facilities provision service. It is intended to anticipate the possibility of kelurahan which will be left behind by desa.

Pengaruh kompetensi, motivasi, lingkungan kerja dan persepsi gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja penyuluh keluarga berencana Nur Dwi Pujiyanto; Dyah Retna Puspita; Bambang Tri Harsanto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 3 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Nowadays the Family Planning Extension (PKB) still plays crucial role in supporting the success of population programs and family development. The implementation of decentralization policies that impacting existence of family planning programs is interesting for further analysis in their relation to the performance of PKB. In Kabupaten Pemalang, their performance is still relatively good. This good performance due to a number of factors such as competence, work motivation, work environment and leadership style perception. This study aims to examine to what extent the influence of four variables on the performance of PKB as a single or common variables. The research used a quantitative approach. Research populations are PKB members which consist of 93 people, all of which are sampled (total sample technique). Data obtained through questionnaires which then analyzed using simple linear regression test and multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 20 program. The results showed there is a significant influence of competence on PKB performance of 44.7 percent. Similarly, the work motivation, work environment and perceptions of the leadership style of supervisors individually influence the performance of PKB respectively by 15.3 percent, 39.7 percent and 18.4 percent. These four variables also affect the performance of PKB of 52.8 percent. The research concluded that the effort to improve the performance of PKB in Pemalang Regency is by increasing the competence of PKB through education and training activities, support facilities and work infrastructure and execution of tasks democratic. Another effort is to provide encouragement and appreciation.

The pattern of collective memory denial experienced by the student victims’ mothers of 1998-1999 Trisakti-Semanggi Tragedy Rizqy Amelia Zein; Ilham Nur Alfian
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 1 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This research aimed to uncover collective memory denial of the victims’ families of Students who died in Trisakti and Semanggi Tragedy 1998-1999. We described how this pattern of collective memory denial works. This research used the qualitative approach to the instrumental case study. The participants were three mothers of students who died in Trisakti and Semanggi tragedy. We carried out interviews and field note as data collecting technique. This data was analysed using thematic analysis technique. The result showed that there is a denial of collective memory which is experienced by victims’ families of students who died at Trisakti and Semanggi tragedy. The pattern is formed systematically, orderly, and deliberately. This denial showed that the government deliberately prevented the people to remember this tragedy. Collective memory denial causes so many negative effects, such as conspiracy of silence on the people and second victimization for victims’ families. Moreover, these effects included the form of prejudice, mistrust, aversion, and vengeance between the people. When social sharing continuously assembles, it will finish the emotional problem of a negative event. On the other hand, social sharing will develop subjective well-being of the people in that community, not only in short-term but also in long-term. Collective memory which is healthy distributed, motivates the community to discuss, express, and cope the painful trauma in the past.

Migrant workers and socio-economic changes Joko Sayono; Indah Wahyu Puji Utami; Lutfiah Ayundasari
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 2 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study was conducted based on the socio-economic changes among South Malang’s residents due to the recognition of a new job opportunity, namely the role of migrant worker. The objective of this study is to describe the socio-economic changes in South Malang from a historical standpoint from the 1980s to 2015. In the 1980s, being a migrant worker as a job opportunity was popular, but in 2015, the number of migrant workers started to decrease drastically due to the changing of the economic direction. This study was conducted in eleven sub-districts in South Malang, which is known as the origin place of migrants, and where many of the residents have worked as migrant workers. The data used in this study was collected by interviewing and tracking the archives of the social economic development of the Malang District by way of various institutions. The results of this study indicate that the South Malang residents chose to work as migrant workers based on three main factors. First, are the internal factors that consist of the economic and infrastructure limitations. The external factor consist of the Oil Boom and Asian Miracle’s impact. Second, are the unproductive and costly environmental conditions which forced the residents to move out and find better life prospects. Third, is the socio-cultural context, where the society has only known about monetisation since the colonial era. The combination of these factors motivates the rural community of South Malang to work as migrant workers and this changed the socio-economic landscape of the region from plantations and subsistence agriculture to having a capitalist focus in the period 1980 to 2015. The positive impacts brought about by the presence of migrant workers in South Malang include economic progress, socio-economic welfare, and area improvement. On the other hand, the negative impacts include the increasing number of divorce cases, the cases of child abandonment, and the increase in the number of juvenile delinquency cases.

Aspek keterbatasan akses informasi penghidupan orang miskin pedesaan Pawit M Yusup; Engkus Kuswarno; Nuning Kurniasih
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 1 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study aims to assess the meaning of poor from the perspectives of poor people in rural areas, specifically in the context of the limited access to livelihood information. The method used in this research is qualitative phenomenological tradition. Data collected by unstructured interview technique, involving 65 informants whom originated from rural poor in the southern part of West Java. The study conducted during 2014-2016. The results illustrate that the meaning of poor and poverty from the perspective of the poor are: those who do not feel fast enough to get information about their livelihood; who feel that there were no another party that tells information about their livelihood; people who feel that nothing can be done to increase their income; who feel that they have no information and knowledge in entrepreneurship; who feel that no need to put effort in seeking of information about livelihood; a person who feels sad to see people scramble around to get information about a living; persons who are not able to compete in getting information related to livelihood; people who do not have information about other parties who can help them out of poverty; people who feel that there are no books and other sources of information ona better technique of entrepreneurship; people who feel that there was inadequate time to read books and other reading materials about entrepreneurship; and, those who feel that they only have limited experience in finding and using information about livelihoods.

Langkah strategis pengembangan indigenous tourism: Studi kasus di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar Ilham Junaid
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 3 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Indigenous tourism is a relatively new concept for tourism stakeholders and has not become a priority to encourage local tourism potential. The lack of information and previous study about the concept of indigenous tourism and an understanding of the concept make tourism destination focused only in promoting local culture. Therefore, this research aims to identify: 1) the potential of Bitombang and Pandai Besi village in supporting indigenous tourism in Selayar Regency; 2) strategic steps required in supporting Selayar regency through indigenous tourism concept; and 3) actions to take for stakeholders to achieve development goals and achieving balance between indigenous tourism and sustainable tourism. Approach used in this study is feature of qualitative study which able to lead researcher in understanding indigenous tourism in Selayar Regency. To gather the data, researcher conducted interview to the society, government staff, and local communities in Selayar who possess adequate comprehension about the tourism circumstances, and Selayar people sociocultural condition. There are 8 choosen informants who are originally Selayar residents. The research shows that Bitombang and Pandai Besi Old Village are important assets in supporting the development of indigenous tourism, aside from another tourism potential. Therefore, study about history and cultural value of indigenous people, procurement of local tour guide, initiation from environmental organization, and travel route map for tourist are essential. Government’s role is also strongly expected to facilitate various communities to take part in the development of indigenous tourism.

Masculinity discourse on media text: A critical review about news about violence on online news portals Daniel Susilo
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 4 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Media as a medium plays a significant role in strengthening gender concept in society. Female’s sexualities are viewed as an object of judgement for the media. For the sake of men readers’ satisfaction, media justifies itself in its attempts to exploit women sexuality. Masculine’s way of thinking has been perpetuated in reports about women. Masculine men are considered empowering female’s bodies. Violence acts are considered as the form of masculine domination over feminine beings. This research aims to dismantle how media construct their texts on masculine discourses on online news portals. Online news portals are required to be swift in uploading news and using their acquired resources; thus, they perpetuate this masculine discourse. Critical discourse analysis of Van Dick was employed to unravel masculine discourse structures on media texts at the largest news portals in Indonesia, Alexa.com; and Tribunnews.com; which belong to a corporate media, Kompas Gramedia. The findings of this research state that online news portals and their acquired resources strengthen violence labelling as a part of masculine domination over feminine beings.

Economic development as a way to fight against poverty in a coastal society Rukin Rukin
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 2 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This research is based on the phenomenon of low construction in coastal village areas, primarily in relation to the economic development sector. This study was conducted in order to determine the low economic level of coastal rural communities and its abundant natural resources (SDA). The government has already issued a public policy related to economic empowerment and coastal zone management. However, the coastal village community’s economy remains very low. The qualitative and phenomenological approach was used to obtain the findings about why society in coastal villages is economically low level. The main cause of the economic problem was the lack of ability of the public to capture the business opportunities that existed. In addition, the constant hereditary lifestyle of the coastal people is one of the triggers of their low economic power. There is a lack of distinct empowerment by the government in order to improve their economy. SDA has not been optimally empowering coastal areas by way of the village communities of the coast and there is a lack of village infrastructure. The concrete participation of the local government is expected in relation to the handling of economic empowerment. One solution that can be undertaken is the revamping of public policy related to the development of coastal villages. The completion of the installation program for paving and street lighting is also a priority. The development and empowerment of the economy should be done immediately. Another thing that can be done by the government is the optimisation of the religious and beach tourism there.

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