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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 403 Documents

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The efficacy of paradigmatic intersections between inclusive development and the feminisation of poverty Sulikah Asmorowati; Violeta Schubert
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 2 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This paper explores the paradigmatic intersections between ‘inclusive development’ and the ‘feminisation of poverty’. Intersections are typical in the development subject, with the extent of the efficacy of inclusive development enabling opportunities addressing gender equality. In the emergent synthesis of inclusive (economic) growth and strategies for poverty alleviation, the challenges and opportunities associated with the paradigmatic shifts are evident. This is the case in the programs that are directed at the women household heads, such as Program Penanggulangan Feminisisasi Kemiskinan or the Feminisation of Poverty Alleviation Program (PFK) in East Java. This paper is based on the research on the implementation of PFK in the Regions of Trenggalek, Lamongan, Nganjuk and Banyuwangi. It highlights the importance of delving deeper into the processes involved and how the program has facilitated economic empowerment through entrepreneurship. Using qualitative research methods involving observation, analysis of relevant documents, and interview with a total of 98 informants, this research finds that in targeting the women household heads as its beneficiaries, the PFK has enabled unforeseen gains in terms of giving a voice to women and heralding a change in their participation and inclusion in relation to community issues and activities. This research also finds that, there is the challenges associated with program’s sustainability. In this, we conclude that, the issue of whether a one-oﬀ cash transfer, though guided, can serve as an impetus for women to lift themselves out of poverty is dependent on a number of factors that requires a more holistic approach to the sustainable capacity of development and mentorship.

Program terpadu penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kota Surabaya Erna Setijatiningrum
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 1 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Surabaya is one of metropolitan city in Surabaya, yet still has a high poverty rates. This research aims to design an integrated program in reducing poverty in Surabaya. The high poverty rates lead to several complex problems such as unemployment, education, health, crime and social problem. Actually, a lot of poverty alleviation programs have been implemented by the municipal government of Surabaya. However, the program is still less effective because: 1) there is lack of coordination among agencies in running the program and 2) the program does not reflect the needs of the poor to a decent life in urban areas. This research employs qualitative method carried out in several governmental bodies relating to the issue of poverty alleviation. The result of this study indicates that there are eight priority needs of the poor, namely (1) education, (2) health, (3) housing, (4) nine basic needs, (5) clean water, (6) ease of administration, (7) training expertise, and (8) employment. From the eight priority needs of the poor, we found design of integrated program of poverty reduction which requires good coordination among relevant agencies. There are eight institutions which government agency should coordinate in the integrated program, namely (1) the Department of Education, (2) Social Service, (3) Departement of Health, (4) the Ministry of Community Empowerment, (5) Department of housing, planning, and urban development (6) Water Supply Company, (7) Department of Civil and Population, (8) the Ministry of Labour.

Resiliansi warga di wilayah rawan banjir di Bojonegoro Nurul Hartini
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 2 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Many residents in flood-prone areas Bojonegoro have chosen to remain occupying their house, to keep working and performing productive activities in the flood-prone areas. This phenomenon raises a question about “Resident’s resilience in flood-prone areas”. The research subjects are citizens of Bojonegoro from six flood-prone districts, namely: Dander, Bojonegoro, Kanor, Trucuk, Ngringinrejo and Baureno. Data collection is conducted by observation, interviews, and focused group discussion. This research confirmed the theory of Resilience from Grotberg (1995) on the citizens of Bojonegoro, where people living in floodprone areas have developed preparations and certain activities in order to manage the flood in their living areas every moonson.

Community participation in bank of garbage: Explorative case study in Banyumas regency Agnes Fitria Widiyanto; Rahab Rahab
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 4 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Waste bank is an activity that people do to reduce waste. The waste management activity through the establishment of a garbage bank becomes a very useful breakthrough, because people could save the waste which is exchangeable into money. The objective of this research is to know the inhibiting factors and the impetus for the community (targets) to participate in waste bank, covering behavior, knowledge, understanding, and community motivation. This research is an exploratory research with qualitative approach implemented in Banyumas district. Data collection is done through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis. The results indicate that the presence of active waste banks in the community, as well as motivated by other community members. The development of the existing garbage bank in the society is unstable that there is a need to be support from various parties so that the garbage bank continues to progress and develop. Community knowledge of waste bank activities, including collection, transportation, community participation, prices or economic value of waste and recycling activities. Factors that encourage participation in waste banks, among others are motivation and environmental conscious behavior.

The survival mechanism of Home Industries (UMKM) of poor families after a disaster Udji Asiyah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 1 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The numerous forms of dependent UMKMs actors and their financial deficit, as well as the threat of poverty, should be prevented by using the substitute institutions that will be able to fulfill the needs of UMKMs in terms of capital, fulfilment of raw materials and marketing activities. The flood of Bengawan Solo River is often served as an annual problem faced by the UMKM in the disaster prone areas. The aim of this research is to formulate contextual intervention policies and programs, especially for community empowerment of home industries (UMKM) actors who are the disasters victims. This research used quantitative method. The data collection technique is interview with the total number of respondents 100 poor families who rely on their daily lives from business industries (UMKM) and in-depth interview to the ten selected informants. Among the UMKM actors who are looking for capital loans for new business start-up, seems to be the most common way to survive. When the prospect to expand the business is believed to be still there, then a respondent will try to rebuild his business from the bottom. However, when they feel there is no opportunity to restart their businesses, then the mechanism is trying to find another job to survive the survival of his family. The efforts to empower UMKM in disaster prone areas cannot be done by relying on a charitable programs and activities, but most importantly is how to awaken, give opportunities and empower UMKM actors in the real sense.

Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan penduduk lanjut usia dalam pasar kerja di Provinsi Jambi Junaidi Junaidi; Erfit Erfit; Purwaka Hari Prihanto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 2 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The study aims to analyze: 1) individual characteristics and profession of elderly in Jambi province; 2) socioeconomic factors affecting involvement of elderly in labor market. Data used in this study is from “raw data” National Socio-Economic Survey or Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasionnal (SUSENAS) of Jambi Province in 2015. The results of the study reveals: 1) the number of elderly working is relatively large. Nearly half (48,99 percent) of elderly have working as their main activity; 2) the characteristics of elderly who work are: a) predominant in rural areas; b) predominant by men; c) generally has status as the head of the family; d) generally less educated (only graduate from primary school or below); e) mostly working in agricultural with a relatively long working hours; 3) The results of binary logistic regression show that age, sex, education, marital status, status in family, health conditions, and location of rural-urban affect significantly involvement of elderly in labor market.

Analisa Strengths, Weaknesses, Opprotunities, and Threats (SWOT): Peluang dan tantangan Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) dalam mewujudkan integrasi Asia Tenggara Lilik Salamah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 3 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

As a regional organization, ASEAN has grown dynamically, proven by the increasing number of members and areas of cooperation that have been pursued. Along with globalization, this success is increasingly encouraging the will to achieve integration in ASEAN VISION 2020. Through SWOT analysis of strengths (Strengths), Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and with the base of regionalism theory, this paper examines the creation of perspective of Southeast Asian integration. Through the framework and analysis of the problems, the results show that there are potential of ASEAN states to grasp the available international opportunity. This is also supported by existing policies in filling opportunities in economic, socio-culture, or politic security area. However, various problems still occured in realizing ASEAN integration. The main problem generally related to the sense of belonging of a person with the value of unity in diversity. Given the circumstances that exist both internally and among ASEAN member countries, presumably the idealism of the formation of integrity of Southeast Asia region is difficult to be realized.

Exploitation of coastal and marine resources along Tomini Bay: Livelihood base versus concession rights Muhammad Obie
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 31 No. 1 (2018): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The abundant coastal and marine resources in Tomini Bay are constantly contested between various actors, namely the state, private entities, multilateral institutions, NGOs and the indigenous community, the Bajo Tribe. On the one hand, the Bajo Tribe utilises coastal and marine resources as a livelihood base, while, on the other hand, private entities with concession permits from the state seek to take maximum benefit for their economic prosperity. The research aims to analyse the concession of coastal and marine resources and its implications on the livelihood base of the Bajo Tribe. Livelihood base is defined as a resource or asset that can be utilised to fulfil a community’s need or survival. This research employed a critical theory paradigm with strategy of case study and ethnography. The data collected were qualitative data. Data analyses were conducted using a qualitative approach. The findings revealed that the concession of fishponds and the timber industry has caused Tomini Bay, initially rich in coastal and marine resources, to experience severe environmental damage. This condition has disrupted the livelihood base of the Bajo Tribe. The Bajo Tribe’s livelihood, which is fully dependent on coastal and marine resources, is threatened. The further impact lies in the fact that most Bajo people still live below the poverty line. To maintain the sustainability of coastal and marine resources and ensure the livelihood base of the Bajo Tribe, the utilisation of local wisdom becomes a very astute choice.

Pewarisan ilmu dukun dalam sistem penyembuhan tradisional Nur Ika Anisa' Ul Jannah; Siti Zurinani
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 1 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

People in Sidodadi village believe that shaman and their shamanic power have ability to heal health problems. However, a shaman is usually reluctant to be called „shaman‟ since the term of shaman is highly associated with a form of black magic. They prefer to be called „tyang saget‟ (capable people). This research focuses to describe shamanic power inheritance within shaman practice in Sidodadi village. Understanding the shamanic power inheritance is part of the way to understand reasons of people of Sidodadi who still believe in shaman. This research was conducted in Sidodadi village, in north Banyuwangi, East Java. This research used snowball sampling technique to enrich qualitative data and to strengthen the argument. Data gathered by direct observation of shaman related activities of Sidodadi people. Thus, data analyzed used descriptive ethnographic method. The result shows that familial ties dominate the shamanic power inheritance. There is a cycle where shaman in Sidodadi transfers their knowledge to their descendant whom believed would take the role as shaman in the future.

Tantangan dalam implementasi social entrepreneurship pariwisata di Pulau Madura Dian Yulie Reindrawati
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 30 No. 3 (2017): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Social entrepreneurship in Indonesia faced the trend of opportunity negligence for local people to participate in tourism development in their area. The positive economic impact of tourism often enjoys by outsiders. This paper examines the challenges in the implementation of social entrepreneurship in Madura, includes challenges faced by the Madurese community in developing their social entrepreneur spirit and business. This study draws on in-depth interviews held with 31 residents. It was found that social entrepreneurship is mostly initiated by the local people. Lack of support from the government in developing social entrepreneurship is reported by the participants as one challenge they face in developing social entrepreneurship. Findings of this study are inconsistent with the assumption that local community participation in tourism is paramount in tourism development. These findings will serve a ‘wake-up call’ for the Indonesian government to pay more attention to incorporate the local community in tourism development process, particularly in giving the locals a room to develop their social entrepreneur spirits as well as providing adequate support for their social entrepreneurship business to grow.

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