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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 601 Documents
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Correlation between Inflammation and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Centrally Obese Subjects: A Study on C-Reactive Protein, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Yati Sumiyati; Syakib Bakri; Mansyur Arif
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v4i3.175

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and central obesity are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiology studies have shown that these two conditions are closely linked and often occur simultaneously. Inflammation is an underlying pathomechanism in hypertension and obesity. Vascular inflammation is related to coagulation pathway, whereby high level of inflammation increases the risk of atherothrombosis event. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between inflammation and fibrinolysis in hypertensive centrally obese subjects compared with hypertensive non obese sbjects.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in October 2009-June 2010 involving 53 eligible subjects according to the following criteria: men or women aged 30-65 years, had neither diabetes (FPG <126 mg/dL and or OGTT <200 mg/dL) nor CKD (eGFR ≥60 mL/minutes). All subjects were not in an acute inflammation state, had no unspecific infection (hs-CRP ≤10 mg/L), or taking anti-inflammation or anti-hypertensive medication.RESULTS: In this study we found that the levels of hs-CRP (2.636 mg/L vs 1.024 mg/L, p=0.007), PAI-1 (43.58 ng/mL vs. 28.43 ng/mL, p=0.089) and TAFI (12.73 ng/mL vs. 12.19 ng/mL, p=0.479) were respectively higher in hypertensive subjects with central obesity than in hypertensive subjects with no central obesity. In hypertensive centrally obese subjects there was significant positive correlation between hs-CRP and PAI-1 (r=0.491, p=0.001) and TAFI (r=0.312, p=0.0390, meanwhile in hypertensive non-obese subjects significant correlation was found only between hs-CRP and TAFI (r=0.929, p=0.003).CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in hypertensive subjects has higher inflammation state that is correlated with fibrinolysis disruption.KEYWORDS: hypertensive, obesity, hs-CRP, PAI-1, TAFI
Comparison of The Means of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (mAgNOR) Pre- and Post-Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital Makassar Freddy George Kuhuwael; Muhammad Fadjar Perkasa; Upik Anderiani Miskad; Abdul Qadar Punagi; Fatmawati Arsyad Said
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v8i2.213

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is malignant tumor growing in nasopharynx with a predilection in fossa Rossenmuller and nasopharyngeal roof. This research aimed to prove whether the means of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (mAgNOR) can predict the success of treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.METHODS: We used diagnostic test method with longitudinal design and purposive sampling technique. Endoscopic biopsy examination was performed on 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after therapy, 13 patients underwent chemotherapy and other two underwent chemoradiotherapy. Tumor tissues were stained and AgNOR was calculated.RESULTS: Based on the tumor stage, sample characteristic showed 3 patients (20%) were in stage II, 3 patients (20%) in stage III, and 9 patients (60%) in stage IV, with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.610±0.988 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage II, 1.100±0.092 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage III, 1.226±0.265 and 1.107±0.164, respectively in stage IV patients. Based on histopathology type, 4 patients (26.7%) had non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.117±0.134 and 1.060±0.120, respectively, while 11 patients (73.3%) had undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.335±0.528 and 1.065±0.146, respectively. Overall the pre-therapy were significantly higher than post-therapy mAgNOR. In subgroups there are significant differences in stage IV and type 3.CONCLUSION: The values of AgNOR were decreased in all NPC stages and significantly decreased in undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. AgNOR can be used to predict the successfulness of therapy in NPC.KEYWORDS: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, therapy, proliferation, mAgNOR
Relations Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Ratio of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein/Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase and Ratio of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein/Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein of Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 DM Ellis Susanti; Marsetio Donosepoetro; Gatot Susilo Lawrence
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.92

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Patients with Diabetes Melitus are proven to be prone to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, especially type 2 Diabetes Melitus (T2DM) patient who have higher risk and mortality for cardiovascular risk factor. The Dyslipidemia condition is very common in T2DM as one of the risk factors. Diabetic dyslipidemia is marked by the increased triglyceride (TG), low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased small dense LDL and apolipoprotein B. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess the differential and correlation between Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), ratio of small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL)/lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and ratio of sdLDL/cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) of controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.METHODS: This study was observational with cross sectional design. In total of 72 patients with T2DM consist of 36 controlled and 36 uncontrolled, participated in this study. The serum TG, HDL-C, sdLDL, LCAT and CETP were examined in their relationship with to T2DM risk.RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that the AIP (p<0.001) increase controlled and uncontrolled T2DM and the ratio of sdLDL/CETP (p=0.004), odds ratio of AIP was 4 (95% CI : 1.501-10.658) and odds ratio of sdLDL/CETP ratio was 4 (95% CI : 1.501-10.658) in uncontrolled T2DM.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the AIP and ratio of small dense LDL/CETP had a significant correlation with the uncontrolled T2DM. The AIP and ratio of small dense LDL/CETP increase was found at the uncontrolled T2DM to be 4 times greater than the controlled T2DM.KEYWORDS: T2DM, atherosclerosis, atherogenic index of plasma, small dense LDL, LCAT, CETP, ratio of sdLDL/LCAT, ratio of sdLDL/CETP
The Correlation between Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) and Insulin Resistance and the Components of Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype in Males with Central Obesity Yusmiati Yusmiati; Burhanuddin Bahar; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v2i3.128

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) promotes the degradation of LDL receptor in hepatocytes. in vitro studies have proven that insulin increases the expression of PCSK9. Insulin resistance, a common condition in central obesity is characterized by dyslipidemia called Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype (ALP). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and PCSK9, and to analyze whether this condition is related to the development of ALP in central obesity.METHODS: This is an observational study with crosssectional design. The subjects consisted of 62 male adults with central obesity, aged 30-60 years old. ELISA was used to measure plasma PSCK9.RESULTS: The mean plasma PCSK9 concentration of the samples was 283.7 ng/mL. PCSK9 had positive linear correlation with HOMA-IR (r=0.225, p=0.045) and Apo B (r=0.245, p=0.055). After controlling of HOMA-IR, PCSK9 had positive linear correlation with triglycerides (r=0.352, p=0.045). In population with HOMA-IR >2, crosstabs analysis showed that PCSK9 had significant correlation with triglycerides and Apo B with an odd ratio of 6,125 (r=0.376, p=0.037). Triglyceride showed significant negative correlation with HDL cholesterol and ratio of LDL/Apo B, but neither HOMA-IR nor PCSK9 did.CONCLUSION: In males with central obesity, PCSK9 is one of the factors mediating the occurence of ALP in insulin resistance.KEYWORDS: PCSK9, insulin resistance, atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype
Combination of Fibrinogen and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein Measurements is Potential in Identification of Acute Coronary Syndrome Djanggan Sargowo; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i1.19

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Novel biomarkers that can detect accurately acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at early stage, are necessary to improve current strategies and/or to identify subjects who are at risk. Fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) roles in inflammation process could be potential for ACS early detection. This study was conducted to evaluate measurements of fibrinogen and hs-CRP on ACS.METHODS: An analytic observational study with cross sectional approach was conducted on patients with Troponin I positive. After signing informed consent, anamnesis and complete blood count were conducted. Besides that, liver function, renal function, and blood glucose tests were conducted as well. Samples of selected subjects were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Troponin I, fibrinogen and hs-CRP. Then statistical analyses were performed.RESULTS: There were 76 subjects in each ACS and non-ACS groups. ACS group showed significant higher levels of both fibrinogen and hs-CRP compared to Non-ACS group (p=0.000). Among evaluated risk factors, diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.003) and hypertension (p=0.000) were significantly higher in ACS group than in non-ACS group. Among evaluated clinical factors, blood glucose (p=0.001) and age (p=0.000) were significantly higher in ACS group than in non-ACS group. Combination of fibrinogen and hs-CRP measurements showed the highest sensitivity (75.00%), specificity (80.26%), accuracy (77.63%), positive predictive value (79.19%) and negative predictive value (76.25%).CONCLUSION: Since fibrinogen and hs-CRP were increased in ACS group and combination of fibrinogen and hs-CRP measurements showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, we suggest that combination of fibrinogen and hs-CRP measurements could give added value to identify ACS.KEYWORDS: fibrinogen, hs-CRP, biomarker, ACS, acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, inflammation
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Current Pathogenesis Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v4i2.165

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis is well established but the agent(s) that incite inflammation in the artery wall remain largely unknown.CONTENT: Chronic inflammation is recognized as a major driving force in atherogenesis. The sites of atherosclerotic plaque development in the arterial wall are characterized by cholesterol accumulation and infiltration of peripheral blood monocytes, which gradually differentiate into macrophages. Cholesterol crystals, the common constituents of atherosclerotic lesions, include NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in human macrophages, promote an inflammatory milieu and thus drive lesion progression. Consequently, the cholesterol crystal-induced inflammasome activation may represent an important link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. SUMMARY: The crystalline cholesterol acts as an endogenous danger signal and its deposition in arteries or elsewhere is an early cause rather than a late consequence of inflammation. The cholesterol crystal-induced inflammasome activation in macrophages may represent an important link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. This finding provides new insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and indicates new potential molecular targets for the therapy of this disease.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, inflammation, neutrophil, macrophages, inflammasome, cholesterol crystal
MicroRNAs in Cardiometabolic Diseases Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v5i2.55

Abstract

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs with critical functions in multiple physiological and pathological processes. An explosion of reports on the discovery and characterization of different miRNA species and their involvement in almost every aspect of cardiac biology and diseases has established an exciting new dimension in gene regulation networks for cardiac development and pathogenesis.CONTENT: Alterations in the metabolic control of lipid and glucose homeostasis predispose an individual to develop cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Work over the last years has suggested that miRNAs play an important role in regulating these physiological processes. Besides a cell-specific transcription factor profile, cell-specific miRNA-regulated gene expression is integral to cell fate and activation decisions. Thus, the cell types involved in atherosclerosis, vascular disease, and its myocardial sequelae may be differentially regulated by distinct miRNAs, thereby controlling highly complex processes, for example, smooth muscle cell phenotype and inflammatory responses of endothelial cells or macrophages. The recent advancements in using miRNAs as circulating biomarkers or therapeutic modalities, will hopefully be able to provide a strong basis for future research to further expand our insights into miRNA function in cardiovascular biology.SUMMARY: MiRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are potent modulators of diverse biological processes and pathologies. Recent findings demonstrated the importance of miRNAs in the vasculature and the orchestration of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. MiRNA networks represent an additional layer of regulation for gene expression that absorbs perturbations and ensures the robustness of biological systems. A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated effects on metabolism and vascular pathophysiology could pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches.KEYWORDS: microRNA, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, vascular endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, atherosclerosis
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Study of biochemical markers Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Total Antioxidant Status (TAOS), Adiponectin, Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-beta1), in occurence of NASH Agus Sulaeman; A Rifai Amiruddin; Gatot Susilo Lawrence
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.81

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in USA and Makassar are 22% and 23.7%. The prevalence of Non Alcoholic Steatosis Hepatosis (NASH) in MetS has not been reported. Study in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is 25–90 % in obesity patients. In NASH, there is accumulation of lipid in hepatocyte (raised free fatty acid level), raised stress oxidative (decreased total antioxidant status), raised of inflammation process (decreased adiponectin) and hepatic fibrotic process (raised TGF β1). The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of free fatty acid, total antioxidant status, adiponectin and TGF-β1 with the occurrence of NASH.METHODS: This was a case control study in man aged ≥30 years old. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined by IDF categories. NASH was defined as fatty liver plus raised type IV collagen level ≥140 ng/ml and Alanine Transferase (ALT) level 1.5x upper normal limit.RESULT: The samples consisted of 8 MetS subjects, 11 MetS subjects with fatty liver and 2 MetS subjects with suspect NASH. Low level of adiponectin and high level free fatty acid led to progression from Fatty Liver (FL) to NASH. Level of total antioxidant and Level of TGF-β1 were relatively steady in NASH.CONCLUSION: The level of Free Fatty acid in subjects with MetS-FL was higher than in subjects with MetS, but was lower than in subjects with MetS-NASH. No difference in total antioxidants status level was observed among all groups. Level of adiponectin decreased in subjects with MetS-FL and MetS-NASH compared with subjects with MetS only. The level of TGF-β1 increased in subjects with MetS-FL more than in subjects with MetS only, and was steady low in subjects with MetS-NASH.KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, NASH, free fatty acid, total antioxidant status, adiponectin, transforming growth factor β1
The Relationship of Osteoprotegerin, Matrix Gla Protein, and HbA1C in Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Dwi Yuniati Daulay; Marsetio Donosepoetro; Sutomo Kasiman
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v2i2.118

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that diabetes mellitus correlates with vascular calcification event that increases progressively in uncontrolled diabetes. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known to act as a promoter in vascular calcification, contrary to Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), which is an inhibitor in vascular calcification. The aim of this study was to observe the progress of vascular calcification in uncontrolled diabetes patients by assessing biochemical markers OPG as promoter and MGP as inhibitor in vascular calcification.METHODS: This was an observational study with cross sectional design on adult male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, defined by DM Consensus Criteria Indonesia, 2006.RESULTS: The results of this study showed that there was a positive significant correlation between OPG and HbA1c (r=0.261, p=0.030), in contrast with MGP that showed no significant correlation with HbA1c. OPG also correlated significantly with Fasting Plasma Glucose (r=0.261, p=0.014). In uncontrolled diabetes group there was positive significant correlation between OPG and HbA1c (r=0.397, p=0.014). There was no significant difference found in the levels of OPG in controlled and uncontrolled diabetes groups (p=0.567), but OPG/MGP index showed higher difference (p=0.259). The OPG/MGP index also had positive significant correlation with HbA1c (r=0.285, p=0.018) and Fasting Plasma Glucose (r=0.313, p=0.009).CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested progress to vascular calcification in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of vascular calcification biomarkers are recommended to predict/detect vascular calcification event in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes mellitus, vascular calcification, OPG, MGP, HbA1c
Novel Sources of Fetal Stem Cells for Future Regenerative Medicine Yani Lina; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v4i1.155

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells considered to be of great promise for use in regenerative medicine. However, the cell dose may be a critical factor in many clinical conditions and the yield resulting from the ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow may be insufficient. Thus, alternative sources of mesenchymal stromal cells need to be explored.CONTENT: There are multiple extra-embryonic tissues emerging during gestation including umbilical cord blood (UCB), amniotic fluid (AF), Wharton’s jelly, the amniotic membrane and the placenta, which are all discarded following birth. Fetal stem cells from these sources actually represent a new class of stem cells developmentally and operationally located between the state of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, sharing and exhibiting features of pluripotency and multipotency, without necessarily implying that they can generate every type of tissue.SUMMARY: Fetal stem cells have been recently isolated from several tissues (amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly, amnion and placenta). They are derived either from the fetus proper or from the supportive extra-embryonic structures. They represent ideal sources for regenerative medicine since they are easily accessible, exhibit high proliferation rates, do not form teratomas and present no ethical reservations like embryonic stem cells (ESC). Their functional features indicate that they actually represent intermediates between ESC and adult stem cells.KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stem cells, fetal stem cells, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, placenta, wharton’s jelly

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