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Public Health of Indonesia
Published by Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
ISSN : 24771570     EISSN : 24771570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Public Health of Indonesia is an International, peer-reviewed, and open access journal emphasizing on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including Indonesia. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, short communication / brief reports, Education forum, letters to editor, case reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are preferred.
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Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 12 no. 2 (2026): april - june" : 25 Documents clear
Healthcare in Crisis: Accessibility Challenges for Flood-Affected Rural Communities in Sunamganj District of Bangladesh Sojib Bin Zaman; Ariful Haque; A.S.M. Rabbane; Ishtiaq Mohiuddin; Zahida Fizza Kabir; Pronoy Saha; Sumaiya Khan Sezuti; Sadia Shabnam; Choudhury Md. Fahim Ragib; Tajwar Hoque; Asadur Rahman; Mohammad Sakhawat Hosen; Raihan Khan
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1071

Abstract

Background: Climate change has intensified the frequency and impact of flash floods, endangering millions of lives through livelihood disruption, property damage, and a surge in waterborne diseases. In response to the devastating flash floods in Sunamganj district of Bangladesh, the Sajida Foundation, a nonprofit organization, implemented a post-flood rehabilitation program to address healthcare needs. Objective: This study aims to explore the challenges and lessons learned from the healthcare response provided during the rehabilitation program in Sunamganj. Methods: The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews and quantitative analysis of patient data collected from health camps conducted during the rehabilitation effort. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze healthcare service utilization, satisfaction, and disease patterns among the affected population. Results: The analysis revealed that 71% of patients seeking treatment were female, with the most prevalent diseases being diarrhea (32%), fever, cold, and cough (27%), generalized weakness (21%), hypertension (11%), and skin diseases (9%). Fever, cold, and cough were particularly common among children (7%), while the most vulnerable age group was 20–60 years (53%). Key challenges identified included shortages of healthcare services, medical supplies, and healthcare providers. Strengthening healthcare systems, ensuring adequate medical supplies, and fostering community resilience are critical to improving healthcare outcomes in flood-affected areas. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in healthcare accessibility during post-flood rehabilitation efforts. It emphasizes the need for a multi-sectoral and data-driven approach to emergency healthcare response and long-term rehabilitation. Lessons from this study can inform policy and programmatic strategies for future emergency response initiatives.
Embracing Open Systems Theory Coupled with Methodological Triangulation to Explore The Status of Botswana’s Public Medical Laboratory System Service Delivery Tapologo Nkoane
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1258

Abstract

Background: Most resource limited countries experience suboptimal public medical laboratory service delivery which hinders the desirable health care outcomes. Objectives: This study sought to understand issues of suboptimal performance experienced by Botswana’s public medical laboratory system through the application of Open Systems Theory combined with methodological triangulation. Method: A sequential mixed-methods approach was employed to explore the perspectives of Botswana Government–employed medical laboratory scientists working in public medical laboratories within the Greater Gaborone District Health Management Team (GGDHMT) between September 11 and 29, 2023. First, a self-administered questionnaire - adapted from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Site Improvement Through Monitoring System (SIMS) version 4.2 tool - was completed by 16 participants and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Findings from the quantitative questionnaire informed the development of a semi-structured interview guide. Subsequently, two key-informant interviews were conducted, and data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Sixty-five (65) emails were sent to medical laboratory scientists in all the 8 (eight) GGDHMT medical laboratories. Seven (7) emails were “undelivered” resulting in a study sample size of fifty-eight (58).  Response rate of 27.6% % (16/58) was achieved with the following contributions: reference or referral laboratories 11(68%), clinic laboratory 1 (6%) and national quality laboratory contributed 4 (25%). An average of 98% data completeness was achieved, with the online questionnaire achieving (100%) and paper-based questionnaire (91%).  62.5% of participants had a degree or higher qualification, while 68.8% had worked for at least 5 years. The questionnaire identified test interruptions as the main contributor poor laboratory performance. Testing interruptions were attributed to reagents stock-outs 47% (7/15), equipment failure 20% (3/15), expired reagents 20% (3/15), and staff shortage 13% (2/15). The interview identified eight (8) thematic areas:  policy and strategy, equitable funding and support, capacity building, refined workflow, multiplexing, monitoring and evaluation strategy, contract management, equipment standardization Conclusion: Applying Open Systems Theory and a sequential mixed-methods approach revealed critical systemic and operational gaps in Botswana’s public medical laboratory system, highlighting the need to strengthen supply chains, equipment maintenance, workforce capacity, and governance to improve laboratory performance and resilience
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Brain Gymnastics on Cognitive Function and Anxiety in Menopausal Women Atma Deviliawati; Aris Citra Wisuda; Citra Suraya; Maya Fadlilah; Apriyanti Aini; Zuhana Zuhana; Margareta Haiti; Novita Anggraini
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1271

Abstract

Background: Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life marked by significant hormonal, physical, and psychological changes. These changes often result in symptoms such as cognitive decline, mood disturbances, sleep disorders, and increased anxiety, which can negatively impact overall quality of life. One non-pharmacological approach to mitigate these effects is brain gymnastics, a form of cognitive stimulation exercise aimed at maintaining or improving brain function. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of brain gymnastics on cognitive function and anxiety levels in menopausal women. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and involved a comprehensive literature search across databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, Wiley, and Garuda, using the Publish or Perish tool. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were included, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were based on the PICOS framework. Relevant articles were screened, and those meeting the criteria underwent full-text review and analysis. Results. Out of 1471 initially identified studies, 9 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. The findings indicate that brain gymnastics interventions have a positive impact on improving cognitive performance and reducing anxiety symptoms in menopausal women. Regular participation in these exercises contributes to enhanced memory, attention, mood regulation, and overall mental well-being. Conclusion: rain gymnastics is a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for cognitive decline and anxiety in menopausal women. Its effectiveness is influenced by factors like age and consistent practice. Regular participation may enhance cognitive health and emotional stability during and after menopause.
Development of the E-KSPR Telemedicine Application for Screening Pregnancy Risk Factors to Prevent Maternal Mortality Nahdiyah Karimah; Entan Afriannisyah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1354

Abstract

Background: In 2023, the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) reached 197 per 100.000 live births. Most maternal deaths caused by complications are preventable through early detection. The Poedji Rochjati Score Card (KSPR) serves as a widely used screening tool in Indonesia for detecting high-risk pregnancies. However, users may still miscalculate the KSPR score. To minimize errors in completing the conventional KSPR, developers created the E-KSPR Telemedicine application. This tool includes online chat features, explanations of follow-up actions based on score results, and accessibility for both clients and family members. Objective: This study aimed to develop the E-KSPR Telemedicine application to screen risk factors in pregnant women as a preventive measure against maternal mortality. Methods: This research and development (R&D) study developed a web-based E-KSPR Telemedicine application. The study took place from June 24 to July 31, 2024, at Sangkrah Public Health Center. A total of 94 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated. The study used the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) to evaluate the application. Researchers analyzed the evaluation results using the UEQ Data Analysis Tool Version 12. Results: The E-KSPR Telemedicine application scored an average above 2.5 across all UEQ scales, indicating that respondents generally had a highly positive perception. Reliability coefficients using Cronbach’s Alpha and Guttman’s Lambda2 showed that five out of six scales scored above 0.7. The novelty scale scored a moderate reliability (alpha = 0.67), but it remained within acceptable limits. Conclusion: The E-KSPR Telemedicine application has strong potential for broader implementation as a digital innovation in maternal and child health services. Recommendation is to integrate E-KSPR Telemedicine with electronic medical record systems at healthcare facilities.
Effectiveness of a Social Media–Based Electronic Cigarette Prevention Program among Vocational Education Students in Surat Thani Province, Thailand: A Quasi-Experimental Study Sudarat Damchuea; Thinyada Laenphet; Kanokwan Khamnan; Nipaporn Nobnorb; Isaree Padphai
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1388

Abstract

Background: E-cigarette use among vocational students has increased in Thailand, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies. This study developed a social media–based e-cigarette prevention program grounded in Social Support Theory to promote knowledge and self-protective behaviors among vocational education students in Surat Thani Province. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a social media–based e-cigarette prevention program among vocational students between experimental and control groups. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among vocational education students in Surat Thani Province using multi-stage sampling. Participants were assigned at the institutional level to either an experimental group (n = 44), which received a 12-week social media–based prevention program, or a control group (n = 44), which continued usual institutional activities. Data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing knowledge, attitudes, perceived social support, and self-protective behaviors related to e-cigarette use. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyze differences between and within groups. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores than the control group (Mean difference = 3.64, p < 0.001) and significantly greater self-protective behaviors (Mean difference = 1.31, p < 0.001). No statistically significant changes were observed in attitudes or perceived social support in either group. Conclusion: The social media–based prevention program was effective in improving knowledge and self-protective behaviors related to e-cigarette use among vocational students. However, attitudes and perceived social support did not significantly change. These findings suggest that social media may serve as a complementary tool for prevention-related educational efforts among vocational students.  
Case study: The development of environmental health awareness in Adiwiyata elementary school students Kumariyah Kumariyah; Sumaryanto; Ngatman; Enggisata Hendriko Delano; Zaza Afnindar Fakhrurozi
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1390

Abstract

Background: Environmental education is crucial for fostering healthy and clean behaviors. Clean and healthy living behaviors are one of the key missions of health development in Indonesia, which can be achieved through the instillation of education about the importance of such behaviors in children, starting as early as possible. Objective: This study aims to analyze: environmental awareness policies, environmental-based curriculum, participatory school activities in the field of environmental education, and management of environmentally friendly school facilities and infrastructure at Trisik State Elementary School. Methods: This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The study is located at SD Negeri Trisik, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The subjects of this study are upper-grade students. Data collection techniques were conducted using purposive sampling. The data sources for this study were obtained from interviews, literature studies, and observations. The validity of the data in this study was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The data analysis technique used was interactive data analysis, following the framework proposed by Miles & Huberman, which includes data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and conclusion drawing. Results: The results of this study indicate that the development of environmental health awareness at Trisik State Elementary School is carried out through: Establishing policies and programs that support Adiwiyata, such as the SEMUTLIS and AMERTA programs, implementing an environmental-based curriculum through integration in the learning process, implementing a participatory school system in the field of Environmental Education and Learning, implementing environmentally friendly management practices for school facilities and infrastructure. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research and discussion conducted, it can be concluded that environmental education is crucial in promoting clean and healthy living behaviors. The Adiwiyata school program is closely related to education and environmental health, aiming to instill awareness of the importance of the environment among students through various policies, programs, and activities, as seen at SD Negeri Trisik, Kulon Progo.
Bay Leaf Decoction as A Complementary Therapy for Hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from a Community Health Center in East Java Province, Indonesia Enny Puspita; Kusuma Wijaya Ridi Putra; Darsini; Asri Kusyani
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1403

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. While statins are effective, their long-term use poses safety and accessibility challenges, prompting interest in complementary herbal therapies. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of a traditionally prepared bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) decoction, administered at 400 ml per day for 14 days, in reducing total cholesterol levels among individuals with hypercholesterolemia in a community health center setting. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted at the Bangil Community Health Center, East Java, involving 100 Prolanis participants aged ≥35 years. The intervention group (n = 50) received 400 ml/day of bay leaf decoction for 14 days, while the control group (n = 50) received standard dietary counseling. Total cholesterol levels were measured before and after the intervention using a validated point-of-care device. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol from 235.4 ± 18.2 mg/dL to 193.2 ± 16.7 mg/dL (p < 0.001), whereas the control group exhibited a non-significant decrease. The between-group difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001), with no adverse effects reported. Conclusion: Bay leaf decoction is a safe, effective, and culturally appropriate complementary therapy for managing hypercholesterolemia. Its integration into community-based healthcare may enhance cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Factors Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection of Household Contacts with Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis Patients in Medan Rina Sundari; Bintang Yinke Magdalena Sinaga; Delores Elisabeth Sormin; Arlinda Sari Wahyuni
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1468

Abstract

Background: Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) has the potential to develop into active TB. Therefore, appropriate diagnosis and management are essential, especially in high-risk populations such as individuals who are in household contact with active TB patients. Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in household contacts with drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients in Medan Methods: This research is an observational analytical with a cross-sectional design conducted in several health facilities in Medan for 4 months. This study included 105 household contacts from 67 index cases who were diagnosed with drug-sensitive TB, confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF examination. Statistical analysis used the Chi-Square test with a p-value <0.05 were considered significant. The study used odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to analyze how associated factors are linked to TB infection. Results: Among 105 household contacts with drug-sensitive TB patients, 31 people (29.6%) had latent TB infection, and 11 people (10.5%) had pulmonary TB infection. In bivariate analysis we found that the variable associated with pulmonary TB was alcohol consumption (OR 20.6677; CI 95% 1.703-250.782; p=0.028). In household contacts with TB patients, no statistically significant factors associated with latent TB infection were found (p>0.05). Conclusion: In household contacts with drug-sensitive TB patients, alcohol consumption are 20.667 times more at risk of experiencing pulmonary TB than those who do not consume alcohol. However, no significant associated factors for latent TB infection were found.
Vitamin D as The Primary Predictor of Perceived Stress Levels In Bipolar Disorder Siti Wahyuni; Rohmaningtyas Hidayah Setyaningrum; Emika Ambar Pangesti; Indria Hafizah; Farida Murtiani
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1489

Abstract

Background: An individual's perception of a situation plays a large role in determining the level of perceived stress. Previous studies have shown that bipolar disorder patients have higher levels of perceived stress than healthy individuals. A number of biological, psychosocioeconomic and environmental factors are thought to influence stress perception in bipolar patients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence stress perception in bipolar patients. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross sectional desaign. Thirty-two bipolar disorder patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during August - September 2024 at the Psychiatry outpatient installation of UNS Hospital measured stress perception with the Perceived Stress Scale 10 form. Data normality was tested with Shapiro Wilk. Data were tested for correlation with Pearson product moment if normally distributed, and Spearman rank if not normally distributed, while nominal data used the eta correlation test. Then continued multivariate analysis of multiple linear regression. Results: Variables that are significantly correlated with PSS-10 scores are vitamin D levels (r = 0.587; p =0.001), occupation (r = 0.400; p = 0.023), income (r = 0.407; p = 0.021) and moderate correlation strength (r = 0.400 to -0.599). The variable that has the most significant effect on perceived stress of bipolar patients is vitamin D levels (B =-0.164; p=0.043), This indicates that for every one-unit increase in vitamin D level, the PSS-10 score decreases by 0.167 points. Conclusion: There are factors that correlate with stress perception in bipolar patients, namely vitamin D levels, occupation, and income. The variable that has the most significant effect on stress perception of bipolar patients is vitamin D levels.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vape Use among Adolescents in Indonesia: A Quantitative Approach Diah Sutha; Eka Wilda Faida; Nathratul Ayeshah Binti Zulkifli; Christine; Siti Novianti; Asri Handayani Solihin; Muhadi
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1492

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of electronic cigarette use, or vaping, among Indonesian adolescents has risen sharply, reaching 15.5% in 2023. This phenomenon is driven by a socio-cultural shift where vaping is perceived as a symbol of modernity, yet literature exploring the interplay between cognitive factors and the digital landscape in Indonesia remains limited. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of health knowledge, attitudes, peer influence, and product accessibility on vaping behavior among adolescents. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 412 adolescents (aged 15–19) across five major regions in Indonesia. Data were collected via an online questionnaire using stratified random sampling. Data analysis involved Chi-square tests and Multivariate Logistic Regression. Results: The results indicate that peer influence is the strongest predictor of vaping (p = 0.000; OR = 4.12), followed by product accessibility (p = 0.004; OR = 2.54) and low health knowledge (p = 0.031; OR = 1.96). Conversely, permissive attitudes did not show a statistically significant relationship with usage (p = 0.084). Conclusion: Adolescent vaping is driven more by social group dynamics and ease of access in the digital environment than by individual attitudes. Policy interventions should focus on digital distribution oversight through Electronic KYC protocols and strengthening parental roles to mitigate peer pressure.

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