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INDONESIA
Public Health of Indonesia
Published by Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
ISSN : 24771570     EISSN : 24771570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Public Health of Indonesia is an International, peer-reviewed, and open access journal emphasizing on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including Indonesia. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, short communication / brief reports, Education forum, letters to editor, case reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are preferred.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Heavy Metal Concentrations and Potential Health Impacts in Volcanic Soils of Mount Merapi, Indonesia Aisyiah Aisyiah; Rahfiludin Mohammad Zen; Agushybana Farid; Sutiningsih Dwi; Joko Tri
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1642

Abstract

Background: Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust that cannot be degraded or destroyed, posing risks due to their potential for bioaccumulation. Volcanic eruptions contribute to elevated levels of heavy metals in the crust, as ash and materials contain oxides of various chemical elements. Objective: This study aimed to assess levels of Pb, Cd, and As in soil from the Mount Merapi area. Methods: Soil samples from Hazardous Disaster Zones I, II, and III were randomly collected during the rainy season, stored in labeled polyethylene bags, and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Results: Results from soil examinations in the KRB Gunung Merapi area, Magelang Regency, Indonesia, showed that all samples were within or below critical thresholds set by FAO/WHO/Ewers U and Allow for Pb, Cd, and As. The findings suggest a high likelihood of compliance with these thresholds, potentially influenced by rainy season conditions during sampling. Across regions, average concentrations varied: KRB I had Pb at 2.799 mg/kg, Cd at 0.582 mg/kg, and As at 1.233 mg/kg; KRB II showed higher levels with Pb at 3.333 mg/kg, Cd at 1.645 mg/kg, and As at 3.109 mg/kg; and KRB III recorded Pb at 2.771 mg/kg, Cd at 0.607 mg/kg, and As at 1.935 mg/kg. Conclusion: Currently, heavy metal levels in Mount Merapi's soil are below critical thresholds, but future eruptions could increase concentrations, potentially leading to bioaccumulation in plants and humans, posing health risks. Keywords: Heavy metals; soil; mount merapi; health risk; eruption area
The Effect of Lemon Aromatherapy and Age on Dyspareunia in Postpartum Mothers Yunik Windarti; Rizki Amalia; Uliyatul Laili; Fauziyatun Nisa
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1646

Abstract

Background: Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) is common in postpartum women. This often leads to prolonged abstinence from sex due to anxiety, fear, and a feeling of not being ready to meet basic needs, even though they are physically ready. Using lemon aromatherapy before intercourse can help reduce this pain. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of lemon aromatherapy and age on dyspareunia in postpartum mothers. Method: Research design with quasi experimental design shape nonequivalent control group design. The population is 100 postpartum mothers. The sampling technique is nonprobability sampling, sampling insdental sampling for 3 months at the Anugrah Primary Clinic Surabaya in 2025. The independent variables were lemon aromatherapy and age, the dependent variable was dyspareunia, the research instrument was a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using the multiple linear Regression test. Results: The results of the study showed that 28% of mothers who were not given lemon aromatherapy experienced moderate dyspareunia and 16% experienced severe dyspareunia, while the mother given lemon aromatherapy most (68%) experienced mild dyspareunia. Most respondents (96%) were aged 20-35 years, of which 55.2% experienced mild dyspareunia. Simultaneous results F (p=0.001) means there is a significant influence of lemon aromatherapy and age on dyspareunia with R Square: 0,238. Partially, there was an effect of lemon aromatherapy on dyspareunia (b<-0.759, 95% CI: (-1.051)-(-0.466); p=0.001). Age did not affect the incidence of dyspareunia (b<-0.531, 95% CI: (-1.266)-0.205; p=0.155). Conclusion: The more postpartum mothers inhale lemon aromatherapy before intercourse, the lower their risk of dyspareunia. Age doesn't influence occurrence of dyspareunia, other factors are more likely to contribute to its occurrence. Keywords: lemon; dyspareunia; age; postpartum
Exploring online buying behaviours: Psychological insights from a comprehensive bibliometric analysis Neha Jha; Mani Abdul Karim
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1648

Abstract

Background: The shift from traditional to online shopping is happening at an exponential rate. Numerous terms have emerged recently in the field, such as “impulsive purchasing,” “compulsive buying,” “compulsive consumption,” “impulsive spending patterns,” “revenge buying”, “panic buying,” and “shopping addiction”. Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the psychological perspectives associated with online buying. Method: Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was the source of obtaining publication records from the year 1989 till 2024. Latest version of CiteSpace 6.3.R1 (64-bit) W software was used for mapping and bibliometric analysis. Document co-citation analysis (DCA), author co-citation analysis (ACA), and dual map overlay was analysed by using 813 records. Result:  Publication records indicate higher number of articles published during the Covid-19 pandemic. Country network mapping found USA (252) with highest number of publications in the concerned domain. However, in institutional based analysis, University of London (22) is found to contribute the maximum number of publications. Author Muller, A (8) had contributed highest number of publications mainly focussed on shopping disorder. The largest five clusters, Cluster #1 online compulsive buying, Cluster #2 trust convenience, Cluster #3 state anxiety, Cluster #5 covid-19 pandemic, Cluster #6 Hong Kong were identified by DCA analysis. Keywords with strongest burst were mental health (5.81), community (5.59), purchase intention (4.44), disability (3.88), validation (3.82), risk (3.77), responses (3.74), performance (3.70), internet (3.64) and abuse (3.48), which were the indicators of emerging trend. Conclusion: The bibliometric analysis of 813 publications from the WoSCC (1989-2024) highlights the significant impact of psychological factors on online buying behaviour  Keywords: online buying; CiteSpace; bibliometric; citation analysis
Prevalence and patterns of chronic non-communicable disease multimorbidity in an Indonesian adult population Hoirun Nisa; Hari Hendarto; Femmy Nurul Akbar; Silvia Nasution; Lilik Zuhriyah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1653

Abstract

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health challenge, with increasing prevalence of multimorbidity. Objective: This study was to examine the prevalence of chronic NCDs and their multimorbidity patterns in the Indonesian adult population. Methods: Data were extracted from the Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5 (IFLS-5) and included 17,958 participants aged at least 35 years. Information on 14 chronic NCDs was self-reported to estimate the prevalence of chronic NCDs and multimorbidity. Descriptive statistics were employed to explore the patterns of chronic NCDs multimorbidity, and chi-square tests were used to examine the relationships of age and gender with chronic NCDs multimorbidity. Results: Of all participants, 4,537 (25.3%) participants had one chronic NCD, and 2,749 (15.3%) participants had chronic NCDs multimorbidity. The chronic NCD multimorbidity prevalence increased with advancing age, from 8.6% in individuals age 35-44 years to 25.0% age 65-74 years.  Women had a significantly higher multimorbidity of chronic NCDs compared to men. Hypertension (19.1%) was the most prevalent NCDs and appeared in various multimorbidity patterns. The most prevalent of a two-disease combination was hypertension and arthritis, and the most prevalent of a three-disease combination was hypertension, arthritis, and stomach or digestive diseases. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic NCDs and their multimorbidity is quite high in Indonesian adults, with a complex pattern of multimorbidity. Hypertension occurs in various patterns of multimorbidity. These findings add to the importance of health management and clinical guidelines that focus not only on one chronic NCD but also on various chronic NCD multimorbidity conditions in Indonesian adults. Keywords. Chronic diseases; NCDs; Multimorbidity; Adult, Indonesia
Early Screening Strategies for Thalassemia in Adolescents: A Diagnostic Evaluation in Family-Based Risk Groups Natiqotul Fatkhiyah; Apoina Kartini; Sri Achadi Nugraheni; Ani Margawati; Tinah Purwaningsih
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1657

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia remains a major public health burden in Indonesia, particularly among populations with a familial predisposition. Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of a thalassemia screening instrument compared with HbA2 examination (hemoglobin electrophoresis) for early detection of thalassemia carriers among adolescents from families with known thalassemia cases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyumas District from Januari to June  2025 and included 64 adolescents aged 10–24 years with a family history of thalassemia. A screening prototype was developed and validated through field testing and comparison with HbA2 examination as the gold standard. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: The screening model demonstrated a sensitivity of 87,8% and specificity of 78,2%, with PPV of 84% and NPV of 39%. The area under the ROC curve was approximately 0.89, indicating acceptable diagnostic performance. These results suggest that the model is suitable as an early screening tool in low-resource settings. Conclusion: This study developed and validated a thalassemia screening model suitable for adolescents with familial risk. The model demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance and has potential for integration into public health programs for early detection. Keywords: Thalassemia; screening; adolescents; diagnostic test
The Difference Effectiveness of Instagram Video and Power Point Presentation in Improving Knowledge and Attitudes about Cervical Cancer Prevention among Junior High School Students in Surakarta, Indonesia Yuli Kusumawati; Izzatul Arifah; Tanjung Anitasari Indah Kusumaningrum; Radi Tia Sintia Dewi; Khansa Nuriashinta Nabila; Anindya Wahyu Utami
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1660

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant women's health issue globally and in Indonesia. The study uses Instagram and Powerpoint, where these media are considered very effective for conveying health education materials to students. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Instagram video media in enhancing knowledge and attitudes among junior high school students in Surakarta, Indonesia.  Methods: The research was quasi-experimental study. Cluster random sampling was employed to select participants from two intervention schools, namely The intervention group was conducted at two private junior high schools in Surakarta City. The control group was conducted at one public and one private junior high school in Surakarta City. The intervention group received education through videos shared on Instagram, while the control group used PowerPoint presentations. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS with Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests. Results: Based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, there was a difference in the mean knowledge scores before and after the use of Instagram and PowerPoint media in both groups, with a p-value of 0.001. Meanwhile, the Mann–Whitney test results showed a significant difference between the use of Instagram media and PowerPoint media in knowledge scores in both groups (p-value < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the use of Instagram media and PowerPoint media in attitude scores in both groups (p-value = 0.148). Conclusion: The intervention using Instagram videos significantly improve junior high school students knowledge scores compared to PowerPoint education. Instagram can be a strategic tool for health agencies to raise awareness, prevent, and detect cervical cancer early. However, this must be balanced with valid, consistent content and collaboration with trusted medical professionals to prevent misinformation. Keywords: cervical cancer; instagram; powerpoint; education of cervical cancer; student
Environmental and Health Impacts of Disposable E-Cigarette Waste: A Meta-Analysis of Chemical Exposures and Sustained Health Outcomes Elsa Yuniarti; Alfitri; Elliyanti Aisyah; Fitra Arya Dwi Nugraha; Linda Handayuni; Atradinal
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1672

Abstract

Background: The increasing use of disposable e-cigarettes (DECs) has raised concerns regarding environmental pollution and public health risks due to their hazardous chemical components and improper disposal practices. Unlike rechargeable devices, DECs are discarded after a single use, generating substantial amounts of waste containing heavy metals, residual nicotine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and lithium-ion battery residues. The accumulation of such waste in landfills, waterways, and public spaces may adversely affect ecosystems and human health. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the environmental and public health impacts associated with disposable e-cigarette waste by synthesizing evidence on chemical exposures and their ecological and health consequences. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies published between 2018 and 2024 that investigated the environmental and health effects of DEC waste. Studies were screened for relevance and methodological quality. Data were extracted on chemical constituents, exposure pathways, environmental contamination, human health outcomes, and mitigation measures. Quantitative data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Of 1.048 identified articles, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Five studies examined heavy metal exposure, three investigated toxic effects on soil and aquatic environments, and four assessed human health outcomes, including respiratory disorders, oxidative stress, and cancer risk. A total sample of 3,426 exposure units or populations was analyzed. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant association between DEC waste exposure and adverse environmental and health outcomes (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.31–2.25; p < 0.001), with low heterogeneity among studies (I² = 18%). Conclusion: Disposable e-cigarette waste is significantly associated with environmental contamination and adverse human health effects. The non-sustainable design of DECs contributes to their emergence as a growing environmental pollutant. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting public awareness, improving waste management systems, and encouraging environmentally sustainable product designs are essential to mitigate these risks. Keywords: disposable e-cigarettes; toxic waste; environmental pollution; chemical exposure; meta-analysis
Effectiveness of Consuming Boiled Eggs from Vegetarian Chickens and Broiler Chicken for Increasing Hemoglobin Levels and Perineum Wound Healing Process in Postpartum Mothers at The Batu Anam Health Center Midwife Clinic Renny Sinaga; Safrina Safrina; Vera Renta Siahaan
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1678

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of consuming boiled eggs from vegetarian and broiler chickens in increasing Hb levels and the healing process of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers at the midwife clinic working area of the Batu Anam Health Center, Simalungun Regency, Pematangsiantar City. Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of consuming boiled vegetarian and broiler chicken eggs for perineal wound healing and Hb levels in postpartum mothers in Batu Anam Health Center, Simalungun Regency, Pematangsiantar City. Method: The study used a pre- and post-test design. The sample population was 1-day postpartum mothers who experienced first and second-degree perineal injuries and who gave birth at the midwife clinic in the working area of the Batu Anam Health Center from May to September 2023. The study sample comprised 15 postpartum mothers in each of the vegetarian and broiler chicken boiled egg consumption groups (1:1), with 7 days of boiled egg consumption. Hb levels were checked with a digital Hb meter before and after the intervention, and perineal lacerations were monitored. The statistical test used was the paired sample T-test. Results: Hb levels experienced a significant increase in the vegetarian and broiler chicken egg consumption groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, perineal lesions experienced improved and accelerated healing after consuming vegetarian and broiler chicken eggs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of boiled eggs from vegetarian and broiler chickens could increase Hb levels and accelerate the healing process of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers at the midwife clinic working area of Batu Anam Health Center, Simalungun Regency, Pematangsiantar City. Keywords: anemia; hemoglobin;  postpartum;  perineal wounds;  boiled eggs
Rural Cultural Influences on Family Acceptance in Schizophrenia Home Care: A Qualitative Study Dian Pitaloka Priasmoro; Retno Lestari; Ah. Yusuf; Lilik Zuhriyah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1703

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia or severe mental disorders can impair an individual's ability to perform daily activities. The extended recovery process necessitates the involvement of family members as primary caregivers for home-based care. The cultural aspects of rural families can accelerate the process of family acceptance. Objective: This study aims to identify the cultural impact in assisting the care process of patients with severe mental disorders at home. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic approach employing focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted with purposively selected participants, including family members, community health cadres, and nurses. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns in respondents’ narratives concerning mental health stigma and family caregiving in rural contexts. Results: The study revealed that rural culture shapes family acceptance through three overarching dimensions: caregiving challenges (burden of care and need for guidance), social perceptions (reduced reliance on social support, stigma, and normalization of the patient’s condition), and cultural obligations (community rules not perceived as barriers and caregiving seen as a moral duty). Families also demonstrated efforts to actively support recovery despite these challenges. Conclusions: Addressing caregiving challenges, reducing stigma through community awareness, and fostering culturally grounded support are essential in strengthening familial acceptance and recovery for individuals with schizophrenia in rural settings. Keywords: culture; community care; mental disorder; caregiver
Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Indonesia: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Two Districts Nany Hairunisa; Yasmine Mashabi; Husnun Amalia; Ade Dwi Lestari; Nabila Angelica; Muthia Ariana Putri; Salma Khairunnisa; Norsuhana Omar
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i3.1752

Abstract

Background: Anemia remains a major public health issue, particularly among women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries. In Indonesia, anemia prevalence among women remains high, Riskesdas 2018 reporting a rate of 48.9%. Multiple factors including nutritional deficiencies, reproductive status, and sociodemographic determinants contribute to this burden. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age in 2 districts in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December to April 2025 among 231 women aged 15–49 years. Data were collected using questionnaires and complete blood examinations. Variables assessed included sociodemographic, menstrual history, body mass index (BMI), and dietary patterns. Results: The prevalence of anemia among respondents was 16%, with 59% of those with anemia classified as microcytic hypochromic anemia and 41% as normocytic normochromic anemia. Although 84% of participants had normal hemoglobin levels, several non-anemic individuals showed early iron deficiency based on erythrocyte indices. Education level was significantly associated with anemia (p = 0.022), with women with lower education having a 2.16-fold higher risk of anemia compared to those with higher education (Exp(B) = 2.163; p = 0.046). No significant association was observed between BMI and anemia (p = 0.310). Conclusion: The study found that Low educational attainment is a key determinant of anemia, emphasizing the importance of health promotion programs that enhance nutritional knowledge and awareness, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Although BMI and dietary factors did not show significant associations, they remain biologically relevant and warrant further longitudinal investigation. Keywords: anemia; women of reproductive age; education level; hemoglobin; Indonesia

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