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INDONESIA
Public Health of Indonesia
Published by Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
ISSN : 24771570     EISSN : 24771570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Public Health of Indonesia is an International, peer-reviewed, and open access journal emphasizing on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including Indonesia. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, short communication / brief reports, Education forum, letters to editor, case reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are preferred.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 383 Documents
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A Systematic Review of the Effects of Brain Gymnastics on Cognitive Function and Anxiety in Menopausal Women Atma Deviliawati; Aris Citra Wisuda; Citra Suraya; Maya Fadlilah; Apriyanti Aini; Zuhana Zuhana; Margareta Haiti; Novita Anggraini
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1271

Abstract

Background: Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life marked by significant hormonal, physical, and psychological changes. These changes often result in symptoms such as cognitive decline, mood disturbances, sleep disorders, and increased anxiety, which can negatively impact overall quality of life. One non-pharmacological approach to mitigate these effects is brain gymnastics, a form of cognitive stimulation exercise aimed at maintaining or improving brain function. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of brain gymnastics on cognitive function and anxiety levels in menopausal women. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and involved a comprehensive literature search across databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, Wiley, and Garuda, using the Publish or Perish tool. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were included, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were based on the PICOS framework. Relevant articles were screened, and those meeting the criteria underwent full-text review and analysis. Results. Out of 1471 initially identified studies, 9 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. The findings indicate that brain gymnastics interventions have a positive impact on improving cognitive performance and reducing anxiety symptoms in menopausal women. Regular participation in these exercises contributes to enhanced memory, attention, mood regulation, and overall mental well-being. Conclusion: rain gymnastics is a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for cognitive decline and anxiety in menopausal women. Its effectiveness is influenced by factors like age and consistent practice. Regular participation may enhance cognitive health and emotional stability during and after menopause.
Development of the E-KSPR Telemedicine Application for Screening Pregnancy Risk Factors to Prevent Maternal Mortality Nahdiyah Karimah; Entan Afriannisyah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1354

Abstract

Background: In 2023, the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) reached 197 per 100.000 live births. Most maternal deaths caused by complications are preventable through early detection. The Poedji Rochjati Score Card (KSPR) serves as a widely used screening tool in Indonesia for detecting high-risk pregnancies. However, users may still miscalculate the KSPR score. To minimize errors in completing the conventional KSPR, developers created the E-KSPR Telemedicine application. This tool includes online chat features, explanations of follow-up actions based on score results, and accessibility for both clients and family members. Objective: This study aimed to develop the E-KSPR Telemedicine application to screen risk factors in pregnant women as a preventive measure against maternal mortality. Methods: This research and development (R&D) study developed a web-based E-KSPR Telemedicine application. The study took place from June 24 to July 31, 2024, at Sangkrah Public Health Center. A total of 94 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated. The study used the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) to evaluate the application. Researchers analyzed the evaluation results using the UEQ Data Analysis Tool Version 12. Results: The E-KSPR Telemedicine application scored an average above 2.5 across all UEQ scales, indicating that respondents generally had a highly positive perception. Reliability coefficients using Cronbach’s Alpha and Guttman’s Lambda2 showed that five out of six scales scored above 0.7. The novelty scale scored a moderate reliability (alpha = 0.67), but it remained within acceptable limits. Conclusion: The E-KSPR Telemedicine application has strong potential for broader implementation as a digital innovation in maternal and child health services. Recommendation is to integrate E-KSPR Telemedicine with electronic medical record systems at healthcare facilities.
Effectiveness of a Social Media–Based Electronic Cigarette Prevention Program among Vocational Education Students in Surat Thani Province, Thailand: A Quasi-Experimental Study Sudarat Damchuea; Thinyada Laenphet; Kanokwan Khamnan; Nipaporn Nobnorb; Isaree Padphai
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1388

Abstract

Background: E-cigarette use among vocational students has increased in Thailand, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies. This study developed a social media–based e-cigarette prevention program grounded in Social Support Theory to promote knowledge and self-protective behaviors among vocational education students in Surat Thani Province. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a social media–based e-cigarette prevention program among vocational students between experimental and control groups. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among vocational education students in Surat Thani Province using multi-stage sampling. Participants were assigned at the institutional level to either an experimental group (n = 44), which received a 12-week social media–based prevention program, or a control group (n = 44), which continued usual institutional activities. Data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing knowledge, attitudes, perceived social support, and self-protective behaviors related to e-cigarette use. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyze differences between and within groups. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores than the control group (Mean difference = 3.64, p < 0.001) and significantly greater self-protective behaviors (Mean difference = 1.31, p < 0.001). No statistically significant changes were observed in attitudes or perceived social support in either group. Conclusion: The social media–based prevention program was effective in improving knowledge and self-protective behaviors related to e-cigarette use among vocational students. However, attitudes and perceived social support did not significantly change. These findings suggest that social media may serve as a complementary tool for prevention-related educational efforts among vocational students.  
Case study: The development of environmental health awareness in Adiwiyata elementary school students Kumariyah Kumariyah; Sumaryanto; Ngatman; Enggisata Hendriko Delano; Zaza Afnindar Fakhrurozi
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1390

Abstract

Background: Environmental education is crucial for fostering healthy and clean behaviors. Clean and healthy living behaviors are one of the key missions of health development in Indonesia, which can be achieved through the instillation of education about the importance of such behaviors in children, starting as early as possible. Objective: This study aims to analyze: environmental awareness policies, environmental-based curriculum, participatory school activities in the field of environmental education, and management of environmentally friendly school facilities and infrastructure at Trisik State Elementary School. Methods: This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The study is located at SD Negeri Trisik, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The subjects of this study are upper-grade students. Data collection techniques were conducted using purposive sampling. The data sources for this study were obtained from interviews, literature studies, and observations. The validity of the data in this study was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The data analysis technique used was interactive data analysis, following the framework proposed by Miles & Huberman, which includes data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and conclusion drawing. Results: The results of this study indicate that the development of environmental health awareness at Trisik State Elementary School is carried out through: Establishing policies and programs that support Adiwiyata, such as the SEMUTLIS and AMERTA programs, implementing an environmental-based curriculum through integration in the learning process, implementing a participatory school system in the field of Environmental Education and Learning, implementing environmentally friendly management practices for school facilities and infrastructure. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research and discussion conducted, it can be concluded that environmental education is crucial in promoting clean and healthy living behaviors. The Adiwiyata school program is closely related to education and environmental health, aiming to instill awareness of the importance of the environment among students through various policies, programs, and activities, as seen at SD Negeri Trisik, Kulon Progo.
Bay Leaf Decoction as A Complementary Therapy for Hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from a Community Health Center in East Java Province, Indonesia Enny Puspita; Kusuma Wijaya Ridi Putra; Darsini; Asri Kusyani
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1403

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. While statins are effective, their long-term use poses safety and accessibility challenges, prompting interest in complementary herbal therapies. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of a traditionally prepared bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) decoction, administered at 400 ml per day for 14 days, in reducing total cholesterol levels among individuals with hypercholesterolemia in a community health center setting. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted at the Bangil Community Health Center, East Java, involving 100 Prolanis participants aged ≥35 years. The intervention group (n = 50) received 400 ml/day of bay leaf decoction for 14 days, while the control group (n = 50) received standard dietary counseling. Total cholesterol levels were measured before and after the intervention using a validated point-of-care device. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol from 235.4 ± 18.2 mg/dL to 193.2 ± 16.7 mg/dL (p < 0.001), whereas the control group exhibited a non-significant decrease. The between-group difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001), with no adverse effects reported. Conclusion: Bay leaf decoction is a safe, effective, and culturally appropriate complementary therapy for managing hypercholesterolemia. Its integration into community-based healthcare may enhance cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Factors Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection of Household Contacts with Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis Patients in Medan Rina Sundari; Bintang Yinke Magdalena Sinaga; Delores Elisabeth Sormin; Arlinda Sari Wahyuni
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1468

Abstract

Background: Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) has the potential to develop into active TB. Therefore, appropriate diagnosis and management are essential, especially in high-risk populations such as individuals who are in household contact with active TB patients. Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in household contacts with drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients in Medan Methods: This research is an observational analytical with a cross-sectional design conducted in several health facilities in Medan for 4 months. This study included 105 household contacts from 67 index cases who were diagnosed with drug-sensitive TB, confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF examination. Statistical analysis used the Chi-Square test with a p-value <0.05 were considered significant. The study used odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to analyze how associated factors are linked to TB infection. Results: Among 105 household contacts with drug-sensitive TB patients, 31 people (29.6%) had latent TB infection, and 11 people (10.5%) had pulmonary TB infection. In bivariate analysis we found that the variable associated with pulmonary TB was alcohol consumption (OR 20.6677; CI 95% 1.703-250.782; p=0.028). In household contacts with TB patients, no statistically significant factors associated with latent TB infection were found (p>0.05). Conclusion: In household contacts with drug-sensitive TB patients, alcohol consumption are 20.667 times more at risk of experiencing pulmonary TB than those who do not consume alcohol. However, no significant associated factors for latent TB infection were found.
Vitamin D as The Primary Predictor of Perceived Stress Levels In Bipolar Disorder Siti Wahyuni; Rohmaningtyas Hidayah Setyaningrum; Emika Ambar Pangesti; Indria Hafizah; Farida Murtiani
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1489

Abstract

Background: An individual's perception of a situation plays a large role in determining the level of perceived stress. Previous studies have shown that bipolar disorder patients have higher levels of perceived stress than healthy individuals. A number of biological, psychosocioeconomic and environmental factors are thought to influence stress perception in bipolar patients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence stress perception in bipolar patients. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross sectional desaign. Thirty-two bipolar disorder patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during August - September 2024 at the Psychiatry outpatient installation of UNS Hospital measured stress perception with the Perceived Stress Scale 10 form. Data normality was tested with Shapiro Wilk. Data were tested for correlation with Pearson product moment if normally distributed, and Spearman rank if not normally distributed, while nominal data used the eta correlation test. Then continued multivariate analysis of multiple linear regression. Results: Variables that are significantly correlated with PSS-10 scores are vitamin D levels (r = 0.587; p =0.001), occupation (r = 0.400; p = 0.023), income (r = 0.407; p = 0.021) and moderate correlation strength (r = 0.400 to -0.599). The variable that has the most significant effect on perceived stress of bipolar patients is vitamin D levels (B =-0.164; p=0.043), This indicates that for every one-unit increase in vitamin D level, the PSS-10 score decreases by 0.167 points. Conclusion: There are factors that correlate with stress perception in bipolar patients, namely vitamin D levels, occupation, and income. The variable that has the most significant effect on stress perception of bipolar patients is vitamin D levels.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vape Use among Adolescents in Indonesia: A Quantitative Approach Diah Sutha; Eka Wilda Faida; Nathratul Ayeshah Binti Zulkifli; Christine; Siti Novianti; Asri Handayani Solihin; Muhadi
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1492

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of electronic cigarette use, or vaping, among Indonesian adolescents has risen sharply, reaching 15.5% in 2023. This phenomenon is driven by a socio-cultural shift where vaping is perceived as a symbol of modernity, yet literature exploring the interplay between cognitive factors and the digital landscape in Indonesia remains limited. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of health knowledge, attitudes, peer influence, and product accessibility on vaping behavior among adolescents. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 412 adolescents (aged 15–19) across five major regions in Indonesia. Data were collected via an online questionnaire using stratified random sampling. Data analysis involved Chi-square tests and Multivariate Logistic Regression. Results: The results indicate that peer influence is the strongest predictor of vaping (p = 0.000; OR = 4.12), followed by product accessibility (p = 0.004; OR = 2.54) and low health knowledge (p = 0.031; OR = 1.96). Conversely, permissive attitudes did not show a statistically significant relationship with usage (p = 0.084). Conclusion: Adolescent vaping is driven more by social group dynamics and ease of access in the digital environment than by individual attitudes. Policy interventions should focus on digital distribution oversight through Electronic KYC protocols and strengthening parental roles to mitigate peer pressure.
Health Literacy and the Use of Antenatal Care Services Among Pregnant Women in Coastal Communities: A Systematic Review La Ode Ali Imran Ahmad; Amran Razak; Muhammad Alwy Arifin
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1514

Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem, and low health literacy among pregnant women is one of its contributing factors, particularly where women struggle to obtain, understand, and use health information during pregnancy. Most evidence on health literacy and antenatal care comes from urban and rural settings, while coastal and island communities which have distinct characteristics and health problems remain understudied. Objective: To synthesise existing evidence on health literacy among pregnant women and its relationship with the use of antenatal care services, with particular attention to coastal community contexts. Methods: This systematic review employed a thematic synthesis approach. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches of electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, supplemented by website searches and citation tracking. The literature search was conducted between July 2025 and January 2026. Studies were considered eligible if they investigated health literacy and/or the utilization of antenatal or maternal health-care services among pregnant women or related populations and were published in English. Results: Of 2.697 records identified through databases and registers and 11 through other methods, 32 studies were included in the review. The studies were conducted across diverse settings, most commonly in Ethiopia and Germany, with others across Asia, Europe, and Africa. A range of health literacy measurement tools was identified. Conclusion: Health literacy is closely linked to the use of antenatal care services and supports informed decision-making in maternal care. Strengthening health literacy especially in underserved coastal communities  may improve antenatal care utilisation as well as maternal and infant health outcomes. Keywords: health literacy; antenatal care; pregnant women; coastal communities; systematic review
Cancer Genomics and Patient-Specific Treatment Modalities Muhammad Akram; Jehan Mohammed; Abid Mahmood Abid Mahmood; SOONMIN HO; Hanine Hadni Hanine Hadni
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v12i2.1544

Abstract

Background: Cancer genomics and personalized treatment approaches aim to provide better treatment by understanding the individual genetic profile of each patient. This increases the effectiveness of drugs, prevents unnecessary treatment, and improves recovery rates. This leads to tailored therapies and better outcomes. The most important developments that will shape the future of cancer research and drug discovery are presented in this article. Sequencing of next-generation and other technologies allows for complete genomic profiling to identify and target actionable mutations. By going beyond traditional chemotherapy, researchers can develop more potent and less toxic drugs by identifying the unique mutations at the root of each patient's cancer. By inhibiting the brakes of the immune system, these drug T cells allow cancer cells to attack more effectively. Objectives: To study different types of treatments that could be used to improve patient stratification, optimize clinical trials, and personalize treatment plans using real-world data. Methods: Data were analyzed from journal articles in Google Scholar, MDPI, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct, from 2002 to 2025. Results: Several goals of tumor microenvironment elements, such as extracellular matrix and immune cells living in TME, offer potential for new therapeutic strategies. A huge amount of genetic data was evaluated, future medical prospects were discovered, and outcomes for patients with AI programs were predicted. Additionally, machine learning algorithms are used to solve this problem. Due to the complexity and versatility of cancer, combination treatments with several mechanisms of action and several mechanisms of action are becoming more common. To maximize efficacy with targeted therapies, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other modalities. The goal is to prevent tumor cells from being treated by targeting cancer from several directions. These combinations are currently being tested in clinical studies, showing promising results, particularly for cancers such as breast, lung, and melanoma. Conclusion: Cancer genomics and personalized medicine are major advances in modern medicine. They have led to significant improvements in diagnosis accuracy, treatment, and outcomes. By adapting treatment to the patient's genetic profile, greater therapeutic benefit and fewer side effects can be achieved, promoting a healthier life.

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