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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 22526951     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 830 Documents
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Comparison of the Subchronic Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis) on CFA-Induced Mice Widhihastuti, Endah; Ni'ma, Neli Syahida; Widyarini, Sitarina; Fakhrudin, Nanang
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i1.46870

Abstract

Chronic inflammation of the joints can cause rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is known to have anti-inflammatory activity. Previous studies showed that ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of breadfruit leaves have anti-inflammatory activity in an acute anti-inflammatory model. This study aimed to determine the sub chronic anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts in CFA-induced mice. Balp/c mice (15) were divided into 5 groups: normal group, solvent-treated group, diclofenac sodium-treated group (dose 3 mg/kgBW), ethyl acetate extract-treated group (500 mg/kgBW dose), and ethanol extract-treated group (500 mg/kgBW dose). The extracts were given orally every day for 28 days. The body weight and edema volume were measured on the day of 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after CFA induction. This study showed that the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were able to inhibit inflammatory process by reducing the edema in mice. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory activity compared to the ethanol extract. Although the body weight of the mice treated with the ethanol extract was higher than that of the ethyl acetate extract, both extracts did not cause a significant change in body weight compared to the normal group. The results of this study indicated that the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of breadfruit leaves both demonstrated a sub chronic anti-inflammatory activity in mice.
Isolation, Identification, and Activity Test of Flavonoid Compounds in Jamblang Leaves (Syzygium cumini L.) Skeel Jatmiko, Miracela Putri; Mursiti, Sri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.47037

Abstract

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) Skeel is a plant that has the potential to be a natural antioxidant. The jamblang plant contains chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, tannins, and essential oils. This study aims to identify the class of flavonoid compounds contained in jamblang leaves using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis and FTIR and to determine the antioxidant activity of jamblang leaf determined by the percentage of resistance. Determination result of antioxidant activity in ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and isolate of jamblang leave against ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-asam sulfonat) the highest percentage was shown at 40 ppm of ethyl acetate extract equal is 46,77%. The Identification results of isolate jamblang leave contained flavonoid compounds from the flavonol groups.
Iron Extraction from Coal Fly Ash Using HCl Solution Setyo, Slamet Budi; Sulistyaningsih, Triastuti; Prasetya, Agung Tri; Kusumastuti, Ella
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.47881

Abstract

About 780 million tonnes of fly ash are produced annually worldwide. The use of fly ash is still minimal, causing fly ash piles to increase. Based on this, a study was conducted on the extraction of iron from coal fly ash using HCl as a solvent. This study aims to determine the Fe content in fly ash extracted using HCl with variations in HCl concentration and extraction time. This research begins with the preparation of fly ash samples using an oven. Fly ash that has been prepared and extracted using HCl added with MIBK and EDTA was then characterized using XRF, FTIR and AAS. The results showed that the highest Fe content (11.48%) was obtained from the extraction using 9N HCl for 1 minute. The greater the concentration of HCl and the faster the extraction time, the more Fe extracted.
Vinyl Ester Composite Synthesis Reinforced with Banana Tree Fiber with the Nanofiller Addition Darmansyah, Darmansyah; Novaringga, Adellia; Damaru, Restu; Ginting, Simparmin Br.
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.47890

Abstract

Indonesia has the potential for natural fiber wealth which is very abundant and varied therefore it is a very interesting opportunity in the development of polymer composites using natural fiber from a banana tree. To get a composite material that has strong mechanical properties, that is by adding other materials such as nanofiller (Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2) combined with vinyl ester resin and banana tree fiber using the hand lay-up method to produce a composite that has stronger mechanical properties than fiberglass. In this research vinyl ester composite synthesis reinforced with banana tree fiber with the addition of nanofiller which aims to determine how the effect of nanofiller type and nanofiller concentration on the mechanical properties of composite and how the bonding strength of composites through SEM analysis. The results showed that for the Al2O3 nanofiller, the highest tensile strength was with a fraction of 5% with a value of 74,81 MPa with an elongation of 1,07%, for SiO2 nanofiller the highest tensile strength was with a fraction of 0,05% with a value of 89,57 MPawith an elongation of 1,20%, and for TiO2 nanofiller the highest tensile strength was with a fraction 0f 1% with a value of 75,33 MPawith an elongation of 1,05%. The results of SEM analysis show a fairly good matrix bond.
Extraction of Zr in Gold Mine Tailings to Produce TENORM Free Zirconium Oxychloride Octahidrate (ZOC) Sari, Erlin Purwita; Sajima, Sajima; Prabasiwi, Devi Swasti; Poernomo, Herry
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.47923

Abstract

Gold mine tailings causes environmental problems if disposed without previous processing. Nowadays, secondary resources recycling has become people worldwide consideration because the increasing awareness of the sustainable development urgency. This study aims to extract the valuable mineral content in gold mine tailings to produce ZOC. The research begins with an alkaline fusion process using NaOH. The water leaching process was performed to the smelted alkaline with ratio of solids mass to water volume of 1:30. The resulted solid was dried for further used in the synthesis of ZOC. A number of ZOCs were reacted with HCl at a ratio of solid mass to HCl volume of 1:20, HCl 4N, and temperature of 60 °C for 1.5 hours. The solution then be crystallized to obtain ZOC solids without centrifugation process. This reaction was done using 1-step ZOC synthesis method without passing over zirconium base sulfate (ZBS) manufacturing phase. The ZOC crystals were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and XRF. The data indicated that the synthesized product was identified as zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O). The compound showed 0% of ThO2 and U3O8 content or could be called TENORM free. The calculation results showed that the % recovery of Zr was 85.94%.
Handwash Liquid Soap Formulation Contains Eucalyptus Globulus Extract Kurniasari, Laviona Tiara; Wijayati, Nanik; Amalina, Nur Dina
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i3.47954

Abstract

Eucalyptus globulus is known as a medicinal plant because of its biological and pharmacological properties, making it suitable to be added to the manufacture of liquid hand soap. This study aims to formulate hand washing liquid soap containing Eucalyptus globulus extract and to determine the organoleptic test comparison of liquid hand washing soap Eucalyptus globulus compared to liquid hand washing soap without Eucalyptus globulus extract. In this study, hand soap was made with a formula of 0.5% Eucalyptus globulus essential oil. Several tests were carried out with organoleptic parameters and foam tests. The study showed that the formula made was clear in color, the odor parameter showed that the Eucalyptus globulus formula had a distinctive Eucalyptus odor while the formula without Eucalyptus globulus extract had a fruity aroma. The shape parameter shows that both formulations are liquid. In the foam test results, the formula for liquid handwashing Eucalyptus globulus compared to liquid handwashing soap without Eucalyptus globulus extract gave a foamy formulation. Organoleptic tests based on parameters of color, aroma, shape, ease of wiping on the palms, and evaporation speed to 5 untrained panelists showed that the panelists preferred Eucalyptus globulus liquid hand soap.
Development and Validation of Infrared Spectroscopy Methods for Rutin Compound Analysis Auha, Nydia Ashfi; Alauhdin, Mohammad
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.47959

Abstract

Rutin is a glycoside resulting from the condensation of the aglycone quercetin with the sugar rutinose. Some study show that rutin can reduce cardiac hypertrophy and improve heart health. Appropiate levels can optimize rutin performance, it is necessary to develop methods for rutin assays and their validation. This study aims to develop an analytical method for rutin compound with FTIR and their validity. The FTIR methods has several advantages including simple preparation, fast scanning, high resolution, does not take long, and without the use of hazardous reagents and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis at the same time. The standard rutin with mass variation (0.5-1.75 mg) was mixed homogeneously with KBr so that the total mass was 16 mg. The mixture of rutin and KBr then made into pellets with a hydraulic machine so that transparent pellets were obtained. Measurement were carried out at wave number 4000-400 cm-1 with 8 scanning. Methods validation include linearity, LoD, LoQ, and precision test. Based on the result of the analysis, the typical peak of rutin compounds is in the wave number range of 900-690 cm-1 namely aromatic C-H. Rutin had linearity, LoD, and LoQ of 0.8719, 0.7 mg, and 2.5 mg, and %RSD repeatability 17.68 % and %RSD reproducibility 17.62 %.
Utilization of Water Chestnut Activated Chacoal as Peat Water Biofilter Using Three Types of Activators Khamidah, Noor; Suparto, Hairu; Awalia, Mery
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i3.48088

Abstract

Water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) is an underutilized plant by the people of South Kalimantan so its existence is abundant. Water chestnut has the potential as the raw material of activated charcoal to improve peat water quality which is still low. Activation is one of the processes of making activated charcoal which aims to enlarge the pores of the charcoal by oxidizing surface molecules or breaking hydrocarbon bonds. This research aims to determine whether water chestnut-activated charcoal can be used as a peat water biofilter, to determine whether H3PO4, ZnCl2, and KOH can be used as activators of water chestnut activated charcoal, and to determine which type of activated charcoal activator is most effective in purifying peat water. The activators used in this study include H3PO4, ZnCl2, and KOH with a 20% concentration. The making of activated charcoal includes reducing the size of the material, drying, carbonization, activation, activated charcoal washing, and drying. Activated charcoal of water chestnut then used in the peat water filtration process. The results showed that activated charcoal of water chestnut can be used as a peat water biofilter. H3PO4, ZnCl2, and KOH can be used as activators of water chestnut activators. The most effective activator in purifying peat water is 20% of H3PO4.
Thin Film TiO2nanorod-PDMS on Glass Substrate for Self-Cleaning Surface Prayitno, Teguh; Wahyuni, Sri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.48986

Abstract

Self-cleaning is the ability to clean itself on a surface through a hydrophobic mechanism and a photocatalytic mechanism. Self-cleaning properties can be affected by the material used. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a material that has photocatalytic properties and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a material that is hydrophobic. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PDMS on the hydrophobic properties of TiO2nanorod-PDMS thin films. TiO2nanorode was synthesized using the solvothermal method. The diffractogram from XRD analysis showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in the anatase phase and the crystallite size was 25.96 nm. TiO2nanonorod-PDMS can be coated on the surface of the glass plate by the spin coating method. The hydrophobic nature of the plate surface is indicated by the contact angle of 126.9° at a mole ratio of TiO2 : PDMS 1:2. Its hydrophobic nature contributes to its self-cleaning properties by inhibiting water-containing pollutants. TiO2 contributes to its self-cleaning properties through photocatalytic activity when absorbing UV light and is indicated by the largest decrease in methylene blue levels, which is 92.48% in TiO2nanorod-PDMS glass samples with a ratio of 1:2 and can remove the color of turmeric juice pollutants.
Effect of Cobalt Metal Insertion on Zinc Oxide Nanotube Structure for Hydrogen Gas Sensor Using Density Functional Theory Method Ariyanti, Widia; Kasmui, Kasmui
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.49534

Abstract

Hydrogen gas as a renewable energy has limitations, namely flammable, explosive, colorless, and odorless, making it difficult to detect its presence at normal temperature and pressure. Efforts to determine the presence of hydrogen gas need a gas sensor. This study aims to determine the effect of the insertion of Co metal on Zinc Oxide nanotubes (ZnONT) on changes in adsorption energy and sensor sensitivity on H2 gas with parallel and perpendicular positions. Geometry optimization was carried out using the DMol3 module in Material Studio, the parameters of this research were using Density Functional Theory method, GGA correlation exchange PBE function, and DNP basis set. The results of the calculation of the hydrogen gas adsorption energy from the structures ZnONT.H2 perpendicular, ZnONT.H2 parallel, ZnONT.Co.H2 perpendicular and ZnONT.Co.H2 parallel, respectively, are -23.121205 kJoule/mol; -23.541810 kJoule/mol; -252.783422 kJoule/mol; and -254.599480 kJoule/mol. The calculation of the sensitivity of the hydrogen gas sensor response from the structures ZnONT.H2 perpendicular, ZnONT.H2 parallel, ZnONT.Co.H2 perpendicular and ZnONT.Co.H2 parallel were 1.374; 1,527; 1654,827; and 375,857. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the insertion of Co metal was able to increase the adsorption energy and sensitivity of the hydrogen gas sensor.

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