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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 22526951     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 830 Documents
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The Addition Effect of Chitosan and Bacillus amyloliquefanciens Bacteria in the Tapioca Liquid Waste Phytoremediation Process Febriningrum, Panca Nugrahini; M. Nur, Mela Sari
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Tapioca liquid waste treatment using phytoremediation process of water hyacinth plant has not reached the maximum result, therefore it is necessary to give more treatment by adding chitosan as a pretreatment and Bacillus amyloliquefanciens bacteria. This study aims to determine and determine the effect of the addition of chitosan and bacteria to increase the ability of water hyacinth plants in phytoremediation of tapioca wastewater. The research process was carried out in two stages of tapioca liquid waste processing, namely the batch and continue stages. The batch process uses a reactor and the continuous process uses three reactors connected in series for each treatment. The result in the batch process without the addition of bacteria without the addition of bacteria namely, COD removal of 79%, TSS removal of 65,12%, VSS removal of 60% and final pH of 6,9 for 12 days with variation of chitosan 25 mg/l. In the treatment of the addition of large bacteria, COD removal was 81,78%, TSS removal 86,11%, VSS removal was 89,66% and final pH was 6,8 for 8 days with a variation of chitosan 50mg/l. The results in the continued process with a residence time of 12 hours COD removal of 78,25% with an end value of TSS 400 mg/l, VSS 200 mg/l and pH 5,5. So it can be concluded that the effect of the chitosan and bacteria on the phytoremediation process of tapioca wastewater namely, the more chitosan is added, the COD removal is smaller and the pH value tends to be constant, but the VSS and TSS removal is greater in the treatment without bacteria. The treatment with the addition of bacteria showed that the more chitosan was added, the greater the COD removal and TSS removal. This is in contrast to the VSS removal which is getting smaller, while the pH value tends to be constant.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis with Kersen Leaf Extract (Muntingia calabura L.) as a Reductor and Its Application for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Rizqi, Puji; Alauhdin, Mohammad
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (NPP) have been developed and applied for various purposes, including to detect glucose levels in the blood. Glucose levels can be determined indirectly by measuring H2O2 levels using a colorimetric method. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a colorimetric method that is sensitive to H2O2. The purpose of this study was to obtain NPP which has a high sensitivity to H2O2. The NPP synthesis was carried out by reducing AgNO3 using Kersen leaf extract (Muntingia calabura L.) with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer. The results showed that the volume ratio of AgNO3 0,1 mM and the extract of 60: 1 was the optimum condition for the synthesis. UV-Vis spectra showed a maximum absorbance peak at a wavelength of 411-415 nm and only experienced a small shift in the absorbance peak after 15 days. Characterization using the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) showed that the particles have a size distribution of 170.9 nm. The sensitivity test of NPP towards H2O2 concluded that NPP was able to detect H2O2 up to a concentration of 0.229 mM with a linearity range of 0,001 to 50 mM.
The Influence of Stannous Octoat Concentration as Catalyst on Poly Lactic Acid Synthesis from Banana Peel Waste (Musa Paradisiaca Linn) Pebriyanti, Dita; Azwar, Edwin; Darni, Yuli
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

One of the biopolymers currently being researched is Poly lactic Acid (PLA). This is due to its high biodegradability so that it is classified as an environmentally friendly polymer. This study aims to obtain the best catalyst concentration and polymerization time of lactic acid in obtaining a high yield of poly lactic acid. PLA made in this study uses lactic acid from the raw material of Kepok banana peel waste. The polymerization of lactic acid into poly lactic acid was carried out using the Ring Opening Polymerization method. Where the stannous octoate catalyst concentrations varied were 5%, 6% and 7% and the reaction time was 80 minutes, 100 minutes and 120 minutes. The analysis used is functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, melting point test with Difference Scanning Calorymetry and Scanning Electron Microscope test. The results showed that, the values ​​of transition glass and transition melting were obtained, namely 60.5oC and 115.4oC, respectively. The highest amount of poly lactic acid was obtained from the addition of 7% catalyst and polymerization time of 120 minutes, with a yield of 47.442%.
Cerium, Neodimium, and Lanthanum Leaching from Rare Earth Oxides (REO) using Hydrochloric Acid Aulia, Muhammad Azmi; Kurniawan, Cepi; Setyadji, Moch.
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i2.45818

Abstract

Rare earth metal hydroxide (REOH) is a mixture of the elements lanthanide, yttrium, and scandium produced from the processing of monazite sand. This mixture has benefits in the modern technology industry, especially elements of Ce, La, and Nd. Separation of Ce, La, and Nd from the mixture has been carried out, but it has several drawbacks with the large use of chemicals that have an impact on the environment from the results of their processing waste and the length of time it takes, so the best solution is needed to overcome it. The perfect solution in the process of separating Ce, La, and Nd from REOH is leaching. Leaching is the extraction of acids with bases to form salt and water. This research begins with the REOH calcination process at a temperature of 1000⁰ C for 2 hours to evaporate volatiles and decompose the compounds. The results of calcination were leached using hydrochloric acid with a concentration variation of 0.3-1.2 M, temperature 30-75 ° C, a ratio of REO and solvent 1:5, and time variation of 5-20 minutes to optimize leaching efficiency. The results of leaching in residues were analyzed by XRF. The optimum leaching of the variation of the concentration of hydrochloric acid 1,2 M for 20 minutes resulted in the leaching efficiency of La and Nd respectively 33,297% dan 26,503%, and the leaching efficiency of Ce was 10,153% of the concentration of hydrochloric acid 0,9 M for 20 minutes. At a temperature variation of 75⁰ C and a time of 10 minutes, the leaching efficiency La and Ce were 55,87% dan 0,04%, respectively. The efficiency of Nd at 45⁰C for 20 minutes was 26,93%.
Matrix Composition Effect on the Characteristics of Isopulegol Nanofibers Fabrication by Electrospinning Method Hidayati, Arina; Cahyono, Edy
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Isopulegol is a highly volatile compound. One method for preserving highly volatile compounds is electrospinning. One of the factors that influence electrospinning stability is matrix composition. In this study, isopulegol-PVA nanofiber with a variety of matrix compositions is made by electrospinning techniques to determine the effect of matrix composition on the characteristics of nanofiber and the comparison of isopulegol peak area on the best nanofiber. Making solutions according to predetermined composition. The solution was electrospinning by setting a 10 mL syringe which has a metal needle with 0.6 mm inner diameter. Electrospinning parameters are adjusted, such as the voltage is 18 kV and the distance of the needle tip to the collector is 10 cm. The results of nanofiber were analyzed using FTIR-ATR and SEM. Based on the research, the composition of PVA-maltodextrin-isopulegol (1:1) nanofiber is better than PVA-maltodextrin-isopulegol (1:2) nanofiber. The composition of PVA- β -cyclodextrin-isopulegol (1:2) nanofiber produces better fiber than PVA- β-cyclodextrin-isopulegol(1:1) nanofiber. The diameter of the resulting PVA nanofiber is 92,891 nm; PVA-maltodextrin-isopulegol (1:1) nanofiber is 94.02 nm; and the PVA- β -cyclodextrin-isopulegol (1:2) nanofiber is 100,242 nm. The results of the comparison of isopulegol peak area from the best isopulegol nanofiber (PVA- β -cyclodextrin-isopulegol (1:2)) are unstable
Steel Corrosion Protection with Water-Soluble Chitosan Inhibitor in 0,1 M HCl Solution Media Fitria, Reffy Ika; Mahatmanti, F. Widhi; Kurniawan, Cepi; Kusumastuti, Ella
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i1.46015

Abstract

Corrosion in steel can reduce the steel quality, so it is necessary to have a corrosion inhibitor. Water-soluble chitosan can be an alternative as corrosion inhibitors. This study aims to determine the efficiency of water-soluble chitosan inhibitor (WSC) added to the corrosive HCl solution in the steel protection process, and to determine the maximum concentration of WSC as a steel corrosion protector. Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) has been prepared from chitosan by reacting with H2O2. The products obtained were used as corrosion protection inhibitors in steel in a corrosive solution of 0,1 M HCl. Chitosan and WSC were characterized by their physical properties and functional groups using FTIR and physical tests for yield, viscosity, molecular weight (BM),% DD, solubility, and water content. . The effectiveness of WSC in corrosion protection of steel in corrosive 0,1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The results obtained by chitosan were a viscosity of 1,4969 cP, BM 8,38 x 104,% DD 77,17%, 10,25% moisture content and 33,48% solubility. Water-soluble chitosan obtained yield 86.325%, viscosity 0,296 cP, BM 6,9 x 103,% DD 79,95%, water content 27,07% and 72,77% solubility. Inhibitor efficiency was found in WSC 2000 ppm and 0,1 M HCl, which was 68,15% EI (weight loss), while the potentiodynamic polarization method obtained an EI of 87,5%.
Leaching Time and Nitric Acid Concentration Effect on the Separation of Lanthanum and Neodymium Elements from Neodymium Concentrates Astuti, Indri Puji; Mahatmanti, F. Widhi; Setyadji, Moch.; Sudibyo, Raden
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

The process of separating the elements of lanthanum (La) and neodymium (Nd) from neodymium concentrate (Nd(OH)3) by calcination and leaching processes to determine the effect of leaching time and HNO3 concentration. The separation process begins with calcination of the Nd(OH)3 concentrate, which functions to decompose the neodymium oxide concentrate into neodymium oxide concentrate. The process was continued with leaching with variations in leaching time (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) using 1 M HNO3. The results of the separation of La and Nd with the optimum time were used for leaching with variations in the concentration of HNO3 (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 M). During the leaching process the factor that was kept constant was the ratio of sample solids to 1: 5 HNO3 solution, using room temperature and a stirring speed of 150 rpm. The La and Nd elements separated the best at a leaching time of 10 minutes and a concentration of 1 M HNO3 with the magnitude of the leaching efficiency was 63.140% and 56.238%.
Resin Composite Synthesis Reinforced with Banana Tree Fiber with Carboxylic Silica (SiO2-COOH) Addition as a Nanofiller Damaru, Restu; Novaringga, Adellia; Darmansyah, Darmansyah; Ginting, Simparmin Br.
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Banana tree fiber is a natural fiber that has been widely applied to various needs, for example to a mixture of fabrication composite material, carbon film, and so on. To get a strong composite material, special treatment is required by add another material like nanofiller silica carboxyl (SiO2-COOH), then combined with various types of resin, so that the fiber-based composite material has stronger characteristics than fiber carbon, fiberglass, and another high strength material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resin type and nanofiller concentration on the mechanical properties of composites. In this research, a composite resin with banana tree fiber was reinforced with the addition of nanofillers with the variations used namely the type of resin and the concentration of the nanofiller. The best variation in nanofiller concentration is the variation with a concentration of 0.05% w/v in the type of vinyl ester resin. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that nanofiller morphology has been evenly distributed inside the resin matrix. While the tensile strength test using the Ultimate Tensile Machine (UTM) tensile strength test tool Chun Yen 10 kN obtained a tensile strength value of 89.57 MPa and an elongation value of about 1.20%.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Sol-Gel Method Ningsih, Sherly Kasuma Warda; Khair, Miftahul; Veronita, Silvi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles have many applications in photocatalysis. The sol-gel technique is one of the lowest-cost and easy-to-perform methods for synthesizing ZnO nanoscale. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of precursors on the characteristics of the ZnO nanoparticles obtained by using the sol-gel method, including examining the purity of ZnO nanopowder, crystal structure/size, and morphology. ZnO nanopowder was prepared using zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc chloride, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate as various precursors, and calcination was carried out at temperatures of 400 and 600°C. ZnO nano powder was characterized by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). ED-XRF data shows that the highest purity of ZnO is 97.2% using zinc acetate dehydrate precursor. The precursors greatly influence the crystal structure and size of the ZnO nanopowders. In this study, the XRD ZnO pattern shows the hexagonal structure (wurtzite) with the crystal size of the ZnO nanopowders is 37-84 nm. Temperature variations affect the structure and morphology of ZnO powder. SEM micrographs of ZnO nanopowders are small spherical and twig-like agglomerations.
The CO2 Gas Absorption in Biogas Using Absorber Bubble Column with Variation of NaOH Absorbent Concentration and Sparger Forms Purba, Elida; Rehmalem Barutu, Cecellia Nia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v10i1.46471

Abstract

Biogas consists of CH4 50-70%, CO2 25-45%, and a small amount of H2, N2, and H2S. The quality of the biogas can be improved by removing the carbon dioxide content so that the gas can be used for fuel. This research discusses the biogas purification process using NaOH solution as the absorbent to determine the effect of the concentration of NaOH and the shape of the sparger on the CO2 absorption process in biogas using a bubble column. NaOH solution with a concentration of 2,75 M; 3 M; 3,25 M of 2 liters was inserted into the column with a diameter of 3 in. The biogas and absorbent are contacted in the opposite direction with a biogas flow rate of 1 liter/minute. Variations in the shape of the sparger used are the types of pipes and rings. Sample analysis was performed with Gas Chromatography 2014 AT (SHIMADZU corp 08128). From the research results, the higher the absorbent concentration the higher the percentage of CO2 absorption, but it is not known the best sparger design because of the difference in the number of holes and the length of the sparger. The most optimum percentage of CO2 absorption is 98.211% with a variation of the concentration of 3.25 M and a sparger with a pipe shape.

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