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International Journal of Applied Biology
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25802410     EISSN : 25802119     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Energy Environmental Science
International Journal of Applied Biology is an international, peer reviewed journal, publishing high-quality research. International Journal of Applied Biology only publishes manuscripts in English. Please see the journal's Focus & Scope for information about its Scope and peer-review policy. International Journal of Applied Biology is available in print and online version.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 168 Documents
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies & Prion Proteins: A Systematic Review Poddar, Anirban; Kundu, T. N.; Ray, Manaly Sinha; Maji, Rituparna
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Prion proteins (PrPc) have been implicated as the causative agent of “Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies” (TSE). Apart from this devilish role, prions also have a bright facet of their own and their identity holds much more than just being a pathogenic entity. Role of prions as scaffolding proteins for ligand binding and signal transduction has been reported by several researchers. Role of prions in nerve impulse transmission at neuronal junctions, glyapse and gap junctions have been reported. Prion mediated regulation of calcium ion flux and redox status in turn regulates many major cellular functions. In this review we have focussed mainly on the physiological aspects of prion function apart from its pathological role in TSE. Role of prions in mediation of neuropathic pain, neuroinflammatory diseases and chronic headache has been reported by few researchers. In this review we have tried to correlate such effects of prions and also discuss various therapeutic targets for various diseases influenced by prions.
Bioactive Compounds in Nest-Associated Bacteria Termites and Their Bioactivity as Antivibrio in Aquaculture Industry Dwinhoven, Ifhan; Amalia, Tiara; Haerunnisa, Siska; Nurhatijah; Abu Bakar, Khalil; Rani
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Abstract Vibriosis is a major problem in aquaculture that causes large numbers and rapid mortality of fish. Vibriosis treatment is still limited to the same antibiotics in humans and animals. This study aims to obtain bacterial isolates from termite nests that are antivibrio and determine the profile of the antivibrio bioactive compounds. Bacterial isolates were obtained from three types of termite nests. All isolates were cultured on ISP media and then characterized and conducted bioassay tests against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Secondary metabolite fermentation products from selected bacterial isolates were extracted using ethyl acetate and detection of bioactive compounds by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The isolation results obtained 15 isolates, 10 Gram-positive bacteria namely isolates SR1, SR2, SR8, SR9, RE2, RE3, RE5, SE1, SE4, SE6 while the other 5 isolates are Gram-negative bacteria. Antivibrio screening obtained 7 isolates that have antivibrio activity. The strongest antivibrio activity is SE1, which was able to inhibit the growth of V. alginolyticus bacteria with an inhibition zone of 3.5 cm and V. harveyi with an inhibition zone value of 4 cm and was also positive for catalase.  TLC showed that SE1 contained peptide compounds with purple color changes after dyeing using ninhydrin.
Cytotoxic Activity of Bioactve Compounds from Hydroid Aglophenia cupressina Lamoureoux against Hela Tumor Cells Sjafaraenan, Sjafaraenan; Johannes, Eva; Herwin, Herwin
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Hydroids are marine invertebrates living on sponges, which belong to the phylum Coelenterata. They also contain several chemical compounds, including alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and histamine, which can be used as medicinal raw materials, such as antimicrobials and anticancer. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the working mechanism of active compounds obtained from the extract and the fraction of Hydroid Aglaophenia cupressina Lamoureoux against Hela ttumor cell line, as a solvent used n-hexane.  The cytotoxic activity was carried out by using MTT method.  The results showed both extract and fraction activities against Hela tumor cells. They were also categorized as moderate cytotoxic activity based on the IC50 values of the extract and fraction, namely 0.31726 µg/mL and 0.32712 µg/mL, respectively.
Isolation and Identification of Carbonoclastic Fungi Causing Damage to Prehistoric Paintings in the Maros-Pangkep Karst Area Khotimah, Nur Husnul; Haedar, Nur; Abdullah, As'adi; Gani, Fuad; Heriadi
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

The carbonoclastic fungi known as a fungi that can produce calcium carbonate crystals (CaCO3) through the urease enzyme produced to hydrolysis of urea contained in the substrate or growth medium. The presence of carbonoclastic fungi is frequently observed in the karst areas cave wall painting, which are a type of ancient artifact. The destruction to the ancient cave artwork is brought on by the fungus. The purpose of this study was to obtain and determine the types of carbonoclastic fungi that cause damage to cave wall paintings in the Maros-Pangkep karst area. Isolation and selection of carbonoclastic fungi were carried out using Christensen Urea Agar medium. The CaCO3 precipitate potential test was carried out by calculating the mass CaCO3 precipitates formed and analysis of ammonia levels and cell biomass produced during the growth period. Fungi identification was performed using the 18S rRNA gene molecular markers. Twenty four fungi isolates obtained from swab samples in Parewe and Bulu Sipong caves, 7 positive isolated belonged to carbonoclastic fungi. The results of CaCO3 precipitates, namely isolate Ps3 producing precipitates of 80,30 mg with ammonia content value of 701,7064 ppm and cell biomass of 333,80 mg. The identification results showed that Ps3 isolate belongs to Aspergillus sp. strain BW1.
Preventive Action of Blue Lotus (Nymphaea Caerulea) Flower Extract against E. Coli-Induced Immune-Pathological Changes In Gallus gallus domesticus Embryo.: Preventive Action of Blue Lotus Flower Extract against E. Coli-Induced Immune-Pathological Changes In Gallus gallus domesticus Embryo Satadal Das; Subhanjana Mukherjee; Debasmita Chatterjee; Banhishikha Singh; Krishnendu Paira
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v7i2.31831

Abstract

Nymphaea caerulea is an aquatic plant originally found in the Nile River has several therapeutic activities - anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activities. This led us to perform the study focusing on the anti-microbial properties of the flower extract. Crude ethanolic extract of petals and pollens of N. caerulea flower were prepared and its antimicrobial activity was checked against E. coli. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration value was determined showing that both the extracts had similar capability against both the strains, with MIC value of 0.39mg/ml and 0.78mg/ml MIC against E.coli ATCC and MDR strains respectively. Further studies were done to study the gross morphological changes and the genetic expression changes of IL-10 and IFN-γ in E. coli-infected Gallus gallus domesticus embryo models. From the results, it can be said that the extract has preventive effects that reduce haemorrhages of the embryos when infected with E. coli. Moreover, there was slight increase in the level of IL-10 cytokine gene expression indicating its anti-inflammatory action along with a higher increase in the IFN-γ cytokine gene expressions responsible for activating the host immunity. Thus, the findings indicate the probable potential role of N. caerulea flower extract to act as an antibacterial agent.
Biology and Morphometrics of Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Chitwan, Nepal Neupane, Shishir; Pokhrel, Suroj; Tiwari, Sundar; Bhandari, Ghanashyam; Adhikari, Pratibha; Poudel, Sudeep
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

The Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, native to the Americas, is an important invasive and polyphagous pest threatening cereal production. Abiotic and biotic factors, including climatic uncertainty and insect pests like S. frugiperda, pose threats. Detected in East Africa in 2016 and reported in Nawalpur, Nepal, on May 9, 2019, FAW has led to a 34% decline in maize yields. Studying FAW's biology and morphometrics is crucial for understanding its habitat and ecology, essential prerequisites for adopting integrated management strategies. Biological parameters such as incubation period, larval and pupal duration, pre-oviposition and, oviposition periods, male and female adult longevity, larval and pupal mortality, sex ratio (male: female), and morphometrics of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult were measured. The incubation period (2-3 days), larval and pupal periods (13-18 and 9-12 days) with overall life duration (31-45 days) were recorded in maize. Head capsule width of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instar were recorded as 0.52±0.05, 0.73±0.05, 1.1±0.05, 1.74±0.12, 2.04±0.15, and 2.91±0.23 mm respectively. Mean body length of different larval instars were recorded as 3.33±0.26, 6.92±1.07, 13.11±1.45, 16.82±1.57, 28.68±1.75, and 34.56±1.99 mm for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instar respectively.
Diversity and Community Structure of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in The Sigolo-Golo Tourism Area, Jombang, East Java WIbisana, Oki Rahmatirta; Zumar, Muhammad Rifqi; Ahmad Alfin, Romzalis; Muhamad Azmi Dwi, Susanto
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

The Sigolo-golo natural tourism area is located in the Wonosalam district, Jombang. The environment in this area is still relatively well preserved because it has a variety of vegetation and habitats. There is very little information on the community structure of butterflies (Papilionoidea) in this area, so this research is needed to find the community structure of butterflies in Sigolo-golo tourism. The method used in this research is a visual encounter survey combined with the transect method, which is to carry out direct counts of species and individuals of butterflies that are often found. The research locations were divided based on different habitat types, namely plantations, forests, and riverbanks. This study found 43 species with 358 individuals from five families. The results of the data analysis show that the diversity index value at each location is in the high category. The diversity and revealing butterflies at each location explain why the community structure in Sigolo-golo tourism is still stable and well maintained.
Ethnomedicinal Uses of Plant Species in Panchase Protected Forests (A Case Study including the Kaski, Parbat & Syangja Districts of Nepal) Neupane, Asmit; Dhakal, Anisha; Lamsal, Urusha; Sharma, Barsha; Thapa, Roshna
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Ethnomedicinal plants, which have been utilized by indigenous communities in Nepal for centuries, hold promise for treating various ailments. Globally, medicinal plants are integral to healthcare systems, with Nepal renowned for its rich biodiversity and indigenous knowledge. This manuscript explores the ethno-medicinal practices within Nepal's Panchase protected forest, aiming to validate traditional remedies and contribute to healthcare improvement. Through a comprehensive study involving reconnaissance surveys, interviews, and data analysis, 103 ethno-medicinal plants from 58 families were documented, with Asteraceae being dominant. Various plant parts were utilized for treating 57 ailments, with leaves being most common. Gastrointestinal issues were prevalent, with plants such as Gheu kumari and Harro being frequently employed. Additionally, plants such as Dhursul and Ghodtapre were used for fever and migraine, while Khole Saag and Pani Amala addressed blood pressure and diabetes concerns. This study focuses on the importance of traditional medicine in rural healthcare and underscores the need for its preservation. Conservation efforts and intergenerational knowledge transfer initiatives are vital to safeguarding indigenous wisdom. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies are recommended to validate traditional knowledge scientifically. The commercial cultivation of medicinal plants could alleviate pressure on natural habitats and promote sustainable healthcare practices. This research contributes to the documentation of valuable ethno-medicinal knowledge, emphasizing its potential for socioeconomic development and healthcare enhancement in Nepal's rural communities.
Studying on Antifungal Activities of Streptomyces Isolated from Soil and Its Biocontrol Potential Against Fusarium of Chili’s Root Rot Disease Nguyễn Anh, Dũng
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Seven Streptomyces strains from chili farm soil, including Strep-1, Strep-2, Strep-4, Strep-5, Strep-6, Strep-8, and Strep-10, were screened for their antifungal activities against Fusarium sp. of chili's root rot disease. The results showed that Streptomyces sp. Strep-4 and Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 performed potential abilities to control the pathogenic Fusarium of which means of antifungal efficacies were 43,88 ± 3,21% and 51,8 ± 2,54%, in turn. Extensive researches on the effects of inoculum factors on antifungal activity of Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 resulted that this strain spontaneously synthesized the antifungal compounds to control Fusarium in the culture condition with pH 7, 40oC of culture temperature, and 7 days of culture time. The results proved that Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 with its thermophilic ability not only provided significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic Fusarium sp. in vitro also promised to be a potential biological control agent to eliminate this fungus on fields. Moreover, using Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 as a biological control agent helps reduce the use of fungicides which contributes to boosting the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems worldwide. 
Albizia lebbeck Seed Protein Hydrolysates Inhibit α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase in vitro Ekun, Oluwafemi; Ojajuni, Adedoyinsola David; Laoye, Tomilola Grace; Amusan, Deborah Motunrayo; Bakinde, Adedolapo Adeola; Ekun, Racheal Gift; Ajewole, Deborah Oluwafunbi; Ashogbon, Precious Yemi; Akinsulu, Opeyemi Glory
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Albizia lebbeck seeds have been found to contain a high proportion of proteins, which on hydrolysis have yielded hydrolysates which contained bioactive peptides that possessed antioxidant activities in earlier studies. Hence, this study investigated the potentials of these hydrolysates in inhibiting two carbohydrate – hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Albizia lebbeck seed proteins were hydrolyzed using the proteinases trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain. The hydrolysates obtained were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The results revealed that Albizia lebbeck seed proteins were most susceptible to chymotrypsin hydrolysis (degree of hydrolysis of 62.43±1.685%) when compared to those of trypsin and papain. However, hydrolysates obtained from papain hydrolysis exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase (70.453±1.619%) whereas tryptic digests inhibited α-glucosidase better than chymotrypsin and papain hydrolysates (55.354±0.808%). The result also suggest that proteinase specificity influenced the relative enzyme-inhibitory activities of the resulting hydrolysates, in terms of the nature of peptides released. The study concludes that Albizia lebbeck seed proteins, on proteolysis with appropriate enzymes, possess potentially therapeutic peptides which can be further characterized towards the development of provide peptide-based alternatives in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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