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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia INOMED
Rossa Amelia
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management – A Literature Review Luluk Hermawati; I Made Arya Subadiyasa; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Nur Ayu Virginia Irawati; Rossa Amelia
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN RAFLESIA Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/juke.v12i1.48386

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder commonly observed in women of reproductive age and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological disturbances. This article aims to comprehensively review the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical management of PCOS based on current scientific evidence. The method employed was a narrative literature review, conducted through a systematic search of scientific articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The keywords used included polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS pathophysiology, insulin resistance, anti-Müllerian hormone, and clinical management. Publications in English and Indonesian from 2015 to 2025 were included. The selected articles comprised original research studies, systematic reviews, and relevant literature reviews. The findings indicate that the pathophysiology of PCOS is multifactorial, involving hormonal alterations, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, which leads to chronic anovulation. The main risk factors for PCOS include obesity, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, unbalanced nutritional status, as well as metabolic and genetic predispositions, all of which contribute to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of the syndrome. The management of PCOS is individualized and multidisciplinary, with lifestyle modification as the first-line therapy, supported by dietary interventions, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment according to clinical indications. This review highlights the importance of an integrated approach in the management of PCOS to improve clinical outcomes and prevent long-term complications.
The Relationship Between Black Coffee Consumption Frequency and Sleep Disorders in Shift Workers at PT. X Bening Azhari Ramadhan; Erni Trisnasari; Rossa Amelia
International Journal of Medicine and Public Health Vol 3, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/inomed.v3i1.40913

Abstract

Sleep disorders are conditions that impair the quality, quantity, or duration of sleep, leading to adverse physiological and cognitive effects during daytime functioning. Among shift workers, the prevalence of sleep disturbances remains high and may be influenced by lifestyle factors such as frequent consumption of coffee with high levels of caffeine. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the frequency of black coffee consumption and sleep disorders among shift workers at PT. X. This research employed a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 93 shift workers were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep disturbances and the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to measure coffee consumption frequency. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Fisher’s exact test. The results showed that the prevalence of sleep disorders among respondents was 89,2%. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.200 (p > 0.05), indicating no significant relationship between the frequency of black coffee consumption and sleep disorders.
Environmental Risk Factors for Dry Eye Syndrome: A Literature Review on Air Conditioner Exposure, Gadget Use, and Reading Activity Yuda Nabella Prameswari; Rossa Amelia
International Journal of Medicine and Public Health Vol 2, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/inomed.v2i1.34523

Abstract

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface characterized by discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear film instability that has the potential to damage the ocular surface. Environmental factors play a role in increasing the risk of DES, including exposure to air from air conditioners (AC), prolonged use of gadgets, and intense reading activities. This condition may result in reduced tear production or increased tear evaporation, contributing to the progression of dry eye symptoms. People regularly exposed to these factors are at higher risk of developing DES, especially when working in dry environments or focusing on screens for extended periods without sufficient rest. This review aims to examine the literature regarding the relationship between AC exposure, gadget use, and reading activities with the incidence of Dry Eye Syndrome and its implications for eye health. A better understanding of these risk factors is expected to serve as a basis for effective prevention and management of DES.
Co-Authors Bening Azhari Ramadhan Erni Trisnasari Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Luluk Hermawati Nur Ayu Virginia Irawati Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati Subadiyasa, I Made Arya Yuda Nabella Prameswari