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All Journal Jurnal Biosense Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity KREATIF: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara
Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management – A Literature Review Luluk Hermawati; I Made Arya Subadiyasa; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Nur Ayu Virginia Irawati; Rossa Amelia
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN RAFLESIA Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/juke.v12i1.48386

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder commonly observed in women of reproductive age and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological disturbances. This article aims to comprehensively review the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical management of PCOS based on current scientific evidence. The method employed was a narrative literature review, conducted through a systematic search of scientific articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The keywords used included polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS pathophysiology, insulin resistance, anti-Müllerian hormone, and clinical management. Publications in English and Indonesian from 2015 to 2025 were included. The selected articles comprised original research studies, systematic reviews, and relevant literature reviews. The findings indicate that the pathophysiology of PCOS is multifactorial, involving hormonal alterations, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, which leads to chronic anovulation. The main risk factors for PCOS include obesity, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, unbalanced nutritional status, as well as metabolic and genetic predispositions, all of which contribute to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of the syndrome. The management of PCOS is individualized and multidisciplinary, with lifestyle modification as the first-line therapy, supported by dietary interventions, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment according to clinical indications. This review highlights the importance of an integrated approach in the management of PCOS to improve clinical outcomes and prevent long-term complications.
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS: EPIDEMIOLOGI, PATOGENESIS, MANIFESTASI KLINIS, DIAGNOSIS, DAN PENATALAKSANAAN: TINJAUAN LITERATUR Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Luluk Hermawati; Silvia Fitrina Nasution; Putri Damayanti; Yuda Nabella Prameswari; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Edisi April 2026
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/biosense.v9i2.7673

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the Cryptosporidium genus that infect humans and animals worldwide. The disease remains a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study aimed to review recent scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of cryptosporidiosis. A literature review method was employed by analyzing scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 retrieved from databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed narratively. The review indicates that Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are the most common species causing human infection and account for the majority of cases worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs through the fecal–oral route via contaminated water or food, as well as direct contact with infected hosts. Infection involves parasite attachment and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, leading to mucosal damage, malabsorption, and diarrhea. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the host's immune status, ranging from mild self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals to severe and chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is commonly established through microscopic detection of oocysts, antigen-based assays, and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Current management mainly focuses on supportive therapy, while nitazoxanide remains the only antiparasitic drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, improvements in sanitation, development of diagnostic methods, and effective prevention strategies are essential to reduce the global burden of cryptosporidiosis.
CAFFEINE AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MUSCLE MASS AND STAMINA Luluk Hermawati; Hilizza Awalina; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Amanah Eva Fidusia; Erika Agustianti; Fathurrohim Fathurrohim
Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity Vol 5, No 1 (2026): Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity (JOSITA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/josita.v5i1.38698

Abstract

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant compound globally and is well known for its ability to enhance alertness and reduce the perception of fatigue. In the context of sports and physical activity, caffeine has been identified as an effective ergogenic aid, improving both endurance and cognitive performance during intense exercise. This literature review aims to systematically evaluate the primary biochemical mechanisms of caffeine relevant to physical performance enhancement, particularly through its effects on the central nervous system and muscle metabolism. Biochemically, caffeine primarily functions by blocking adenosine receptors, thereby influencing neurotransmission and increasing sympathetic activity. Additionally, caffeine has been shown to affect energy substrate mobilization by enhancing lipolysis and sparing muscle glycogen. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that caffeine also plays a role in muscle mass regulation through the activation of molecular pathways such as AMPK and mTOR. AMPK activation enhances metabolic efficiency and energy utilization, while mTOR is involved in protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy, positioning caffeine as a potential candidate to support training adaptation and muscle mass maintenance. However, caffeine’s effectiveness is not uniform across individuals and may be influenced by various factors such as dosage, timing of consumption, type of exercise, as well as genetic and habitual factors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of caffeine’s mechanisms of action is crucial for maximizing its benefits in supporting physical performance safely and effectively. This article summarizes the latest scientific findings providing physiological and molecular foundations regarding caffeine’s role in enhancing endurance and muscle mass, and offers insights for its application in sports and health practices.
Edukasi Kesehatan untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Orang Tua tentang Perawatan Luka Anak Pascasirkumsisi Neshya Ruriana Putri; Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Yana Aurora Prahitha; Luluk Hermawati; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Tricahyani Endah Yuniarti; Siti Darifah
KREATIF: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/kreatif.v6i3.13058

Abstract

Inadequate care after circumcision care may increase the risk of complications and infection in children. This community service activity aimed to provide education to parents regarding wound care and medication administration following circumcision in Cipare District. The activity involved 40 children aged 3–8 years who had undergone circumcision, accompanied by their parents or caregivers. Some participants had medical conditions, including phimosis, balanitis, and a history of urinary tract infections. Individual education was provided to parents or caregivers after the children had completed the circumcision procedure through direct explanations, wound care demonstrations, medication administration simulations, and distribution of written guidelines. The educational materials covered wound care and hygiene, dressing changes, use of antiseptics, administration of medications according to clinical indications, and recognition of signs of infection and complications requiring medical attention. The medications provided included ibuprofen as an analgesic and amoxicillin as an antibiotic according to clinical indications. This activity provided parents with practical guidance on post-circumcision care and appropriate medication use at home. Individual education as part of community-based circumcision services may support family involvement in post-procedural care and serve as a promotive and preventive health effort to support wound healing and prevent complications in children.
Co-Authors Amanah Eva Fidusia Erika Agustianti Fathurrohim Fathurrohim Hilizza Awalina Hilizza Awalina Zulfa I Made Arya Subadiyasa Luluk Hermawati Nasution, Silvia Fitrina Neshya Ruriana Putri Nur Ayu Virginia Irawati Putri Damayanti Rossa Amelia Siti Darifah Tricahyani Endah Yuniarti Yana Aurora Prahitha Yuda Nabella Prameswari