Arzam Arzam
Kerinci State Islamic Institute

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At‑Tijārah al‑Mubīqah (Destructive Business and Trade): Qurʾān, Ḥadīth, Qawā‘id al-Fiqhiyyah and Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective Muhammad Fauzi; Al Mahdi; Arzam Arzam; Mursal Mursal
Religia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu KeIslaman Vol 29 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/religia.v29i1.8595

Abstract

This study aims to analyse and formulate a conceptual framework of at‑tijārah al‑mubīqah  based on the perspectives of the Qurʾān, ḥadīth al‑sabʿu al‑mubīqāt, qawāʿid al‑fiqhiyyah, and maqāṣid al‑sharīʿah. Three research questions are addressed: (1) what is the conceptual definition of at‑tijārah al‑mubīqah, and how does it differ from ideal business and trade when viewed through the Qurʾān, ḥadīth, qawāʿid al‑fiqhiyyah, and maqāṣid al‑sharīʿah, with ḥadīth al‑sabʿu al‑mubīqāt as the main normative framework; (2) how can the manifestations of ḥadīth al‑sabʿu al‑mubīqāt be identified and explained as forms of at‑tijārah al‑mubīqah in the modern context through the analysis of qawāʿid al‑fiqhiyyah and the assessment of their impact on maqāṣid al‑sharīʿah; and (3) how can an integrated conceptual framework of at‑tijārah al‑mubīqah be constructed and function as a normative reference for contemporary business practice. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research, using a normative‑descriptive and analytical‑conceptual design. Data are collected from primary sources and reinforced by secondary sources, and analysed using content analysis combined with tafsīr mauḍūʿī, qawāʿid al‑fiqhiyyah, and maqāṣid al‑sharīʿah as analytical tools. The study shows that at‑tijārah al‑mubīqah encompasses all tijārah activities that contain one or more elements of ḥadīth al‑sabʿu al‑mubīqāt, identified through qawāʿid al‑fiqhiyyah as ḍarar that must be eliminated, and that substantially damage maqāṣid al‑sharīʿah at a significant, widespread, and sustained level. Seven main manifestations are identified in the modern business ecosystem: shirk, magic (siḥr), structural soul murder, ribā, consuming the wealth of orphans, betrayal of trust (amānah), and fitnah against the honour of Muslim women. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to systematically construct at‑tijārah al‑mubīqah as a formal academic taxonomy in Islamic business ethics explicitly derived from ḥadīth al‑sabʿu al‑mubīqāt, while simultaneously integrating qawāʿid al‑fiqhiyyah and maqāṣid al‑sharīʿah into a single four‑layer conceptual framework. The study offers a novel reading, particularly of three categories of al‑mubīqāt in the landscape of modern business: the ḥadīth phrase “killing a soul is forbidden by Allah Subḥānahu Wa Taʿālā, except with ḥaq” is positioned as structural soul murder; the prohibition of “fleeing from the battlefield” is read as betrayal of trust (amānah); and “accusing a chaste Muslim woman of adultery (qadzaf)” is interpreted as fitnah against the honour of Muslim women. Accordingly, this study not only broadens the conceptual discourse but also enriches the ethical‑empirical mapping of destructive patterns within contemporary business ecosystems
Toward a Fiqh of Religious Competition: A Qualitative Study of Negotiating Piety and Performance in Kerinci’s Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an Nuzul Iskandar; Arzam Arzam
Religia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu KeIslaman Vol 29 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/religia.v29i2.16204

Abstract

The Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ) brings together two orientations not always aligning: piety, emphasizing devotion to the Qur’an, and competition, entailing public evaluation and recognition. This tension is particularly evident in the organization of the MTQ in Kerinci Regency, where achievement is understood not only as an individual accomplishment but also as a source of regional prestige. This article examines how actors involved in the MTQ understand, justify, and negotiate the relationship between piety and competition. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with LPTQ administrators, coaches, participants, religious leaders, and local government representatives, complemented by observation and document analysis. The findings show that the actors do not perceive piety and competition as mutually exclusive orientations. Rather, they develop a form of normative reasoning that positions competition as a wasilah (means) for attaining religious goals (ghayah), evaluates achievement in terms of maslahah and collective benefit, and treats intentions (niyyah) as both a moral orientation and a boundary for competitive achievement. Based on these findings, the article proposes the concept of Fiqh of Religious Competition to explain the pattern of normative reasoning through which competitive practices can continue to be understood as part of religious conduct. The concept contributes to contemporary Islamic studies by demonstrating how fiqh reasoning operates contextually to sustain the relationship between piety, performance, and competition in religious life in Indonesia.