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All Journal Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Jurnal Ekonomi, Akutansi dan Manajemen Nusantara Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia AsbaK Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis
Annazah, Nur Siti
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Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Journal : Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan

 1 
Kondisi Kerja dalam Relasi Kemitraan: Studi Kasus pada Mitra Perusahaan Transportasi Online Annazah, Nur Siti; Tobing, Henriko; Nasution, Faizal Amir P; Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 18 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v18i3.305

Abstract

Terjadi fenomena ketenagakerjaan yang cukup unik di Indonesia seiring dengan berkembangnya ekonomi gig. Salah satu fenomena ketenagakerjaan yang berkembang dalam satu dekade terakhir yaitu munculnya hubungan kemitraan yang semakin booming akibat munculnya Gojek sebagai salah satu pelopor transportasi online di Indonesia. Pasar tenaga kerja di Indonesia tersegmentasi antara tenaga kerja formal dan tenaga kerja informal. Pada tahun 2022, share tenaga kerja di sektor formal sebesar 49,69% lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan sektor informal (59,31%). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dorongan masyarakat untuk dapat bekerja di sektor informal masih tinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mengidentifikasi kondisi kerja kemitraan pada transportasi online di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari indepth interview dengan komunitas ojek online di tiga provinsi pada zonasi 1, yaitu D.I Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur, dan Jawa Barat. Data primer juga diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan stakeholder terkait seperti Dinas Tenaga Kerja yang berada di setiap wilayah kajian. Data primer selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Kajian ini juga menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari beberapa studi literatur terkait kondisi transportasi online di beberapa negara. Data sekunder yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis komparatif. Hasil analisis menunjukan transportasi online berkembang dengan sangat cepat di Indonesia. Terdapat permasalahan umum terkait transportasi online di Indonesia, diantaranya (1) kekosongan pengaturan hukum terkait kemitraan; (2) Kekosongan pengaturan hukum terkait transportasi online ; dan (3) kerentanan-kerentanan yang dialami oleh pengemudi. Kebijakan terkait transportasi online berbeda-beda di setiap negara bergantung dengan peraturan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah setempat.
CGE Analysis of the Impact of the 2024 Minimum Wage Increase on the National Economy in Indonesia Annazah, Nur Siti; Hazami, Muhammad Fikrie; Nasution, Faizal Amir P; Tobing, Henriko
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 19 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v19i1.352

Abstract

One of the minimum wage problems is caused by workers/laborers' needing to agree with the wage increase set. The minimum wage increase is still minimal compared to the high worker need. The Labor Organization president called the government to raise the provincial minimum wage (UMP) and district/city minimum wage (UMK) 2024 by 15%. This figure is obtained from the Decent Living Needs (KHL) survey results and other indicators such as inflation and economic growth. On the other hand, the minimum wage increase of 15% is considered by employers to be unrealistic, considering the condition of the national economy is hit by uncertainty. The government said that determining the minimum wage based on PP 36/2021 and considering the welfare of workers/laborers’ also looks at the Company's capabilities. This paper aims to see new macroeconomic and welfare conditions due to the increase in the minimum wage by 15%. Using the general equilibrium model of static computing (CGE), the analysis results show that an increase in the minimum wage leads to a decrease in demand for labor, especially in labor-intensive sectors. The increase in wages impacts increasing household income, thus indicating an increase in household welfare. However, inflationary pressures brought about by the minimum wage increase mask the increase in revenue, resulting in a decrease in household consumption budgets. This translates into a loss of net well-being, with a more significant impact on urban households than rural households. The output of most sectors, especially labor-intensive sectors, declined, but nominal GDP increased. The increase in nominal GDP is due to rising prices, not actual economic output.
The Ambiguity of Employment Relationship in Indonesia's Gig Economy: A Study of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin; Annazah, Nur Siti; Henriko Tobing, Henriko; Habibi, Nugroho; Fauziyah, Fahimah; Harsiwie, Riesa Istiqamah Putri
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 19 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v19i3.416

Abstract

The rise of the gig economy in Indonesia, driven by digital platforms such as Gojek and Grab, has created significant employment opportunities through online motorcycle taxis (ojek online). However, the employment relationship between digital platforms and online motorcycle taxi drivers remains ambiguous. Currently, no explicit regulation defines the status of gig workers within Indonesia's legal framework. The absence of recognition as formal employees leaves these workers in precarious conditions, devoid of social security, minimum wage guarantees, and collective bargaining rights. This policy paper reviews existing regulations, evaluates international approaches, and identifies the benefits and challenges of unregulated gig work in Indonesia. Comparative benchmarks from Spain, the United States, and Malaysia highlight potential solutions to balance worker protection and platform flexibility. This study proposes a hybrid employment relationship that integrates core labor protections while maintaining work flexibility. Key regulatory components include social security access, algorithm transparency, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Short-term (1-year) and medium-term (5-year) strategies are outlined to achieve comprehensive regulations for Indonesia’s gig economy. Ultimately, this research provides actionable policy recommendations for the Indonesian government to establish fair and sustainable employment relations in the digital era.
Co-Authors Bambang Juanda Fauziyah, Fahimah HARSIWIE, RIESA ISTIQAMAH PUTRI Hazami, Muhammad Fikrie Henriko Tobing, Henriko Muhyiddin Muhyiddin Nasution, Faizal Amir P Nugroho Habibi, Nugroho Sri Mulatsih Sri Mulatsih Tobing, Henriko