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All Journal Bappenas Working Papers Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan
Tobing, Henriko
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Kondisi Kerja dalam Relasi Kemitraan: Studi Kasus pada Mitra Perusahaan Transportasi Online Annazah, Nur Siti; Tobing, Henriko; Nasution, Faizal Amir P; Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 18 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v18i3.305

Abstract

Terjadi fenomena ketenagakerjaan yang cukup unik di Indonesia seiring dengan berkembangnya ekonomi gig. Salah satu fenomena ketenagakerjaan yang berkembang dalam satu dekade terakhir yaitu munculnya hubungan kemitraan yang semakin booming akibat munculnya Gojek sebagai salah satu pelopor transportasi online di Indonesia. Pasar tenaga kerja di Indonesia tersegmentasi antara tenaga kerja formal dan tenaga kerja informal. Pada tahun 2022, share tenaga kerja di sektor formal sebesar 49,69% lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan sektor informal (59,31%). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dorongan masyarakat untuk dapat bekerja di sektor informal masih tinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mengidentifikasi kondisi kerja kemitraan pada transportasi online di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari indepth interview dengan komunitas ojek online di tiga provinsi pada zonasi 1, yaitu D.I Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur, dan Jawa Barat. Data primer juga diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan stakeholder terkait seperti Dinas Tenaga Kerja yang berada di setiap wilayah kajian. Data primer selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Kajian ini juga menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari beberapa studi literatur terkait kondisi transportasi online di beberapa negara. Data sekunder yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis komparatif. Hasil analisis menunjukan transportasi online berkembang dengan sangat cepat di Indonesia. Terdapat permasalahan umum terkait transportasi online di Indonesia, diantaranya (1) kekosongan pengaturan hukum terkait kemitraan; (2) Kekosongan pengaturan hukum terkait transportasi online ; dan (3) kerentanan-kerentanan yang dialami oleh pengemudi. Kebijakan terkait transportasi online berbeda-beda di setiap negara bergantung dengan peraturan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah setempat.
Study on the Implementation of ILO Convention No. 98 in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Developed and Developing Countries Nasution, Faizal Amir P; Tobing, Henriko; Farizal, Nur; Siregar, Syahdan Abdul Haris; Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 19 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v19i1.350

Abstract

Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has been reported by ITUC, KSPI, and KSBSI for violating ILO Convention No. 98. The Indonesian government is considered not involving Trade Unions/Labor Unions in terms of collective bargaining when drafting the Job Creation Law and the substance of the Job Creation Law which is considered to limit the role of Trade Unions/Labor Unions. The United States Government, the United States Labor Association, the Belgium Labor Association, Netherlands Labor Association, Republic of Korean Labor Association, and the Brazil Labor Association provide different views from Indonesia on the report. This study uses a qualitative approach supported by a literature study with FGD discussions. Based on the results of the study, reports by Trade Unions to the ILO regarding violations of ILO Convention No. 98 are generally still conjectural and do not depart from cases or violations of the law that have occurred. The government can report data on labor practices in Indonesia to show that there are no efforts to limit the role of Trade Unions/Labor Unions as evidence that the Government of Indonesia has implemented the principles in the ILO Convention. The government of Indonesia has an important role in increasing the provision of training and improving work competencies, increasing labor placement and expanding employment opportunities, as well as continuing to oversee the implementation of this Job Creation Law in companies and continuing to protect workers by providing legal protection and social security. The Government of Indonesia is currently receiving ILO Technical Assistance, and can propose to continue implementing the Job Creation Law regulations and continue to provide regular reports to the ILO. If this provision in practice is detrimental to workers and trade unions, then this provision can be challenged procedurally with the support of valid evidence.
CGE Analysis of the Impact of the 2024 Minimum Wage Increase on the National Economy in Indonesia Annazah, Nur Siti; Hazami, Muhammad Fikrie; Nasution, Faizal Amir P; Tobing, Henriko
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 19 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v19i1.352

Abstract

One of the minimum wage problems is caused by workers/laborers' needing to agree with the wage increase set. The minimum wage increase is still minimal compared to the high worker need. The Labor Organization president called the government to raise the provincial minimum wage (UMP) and district/city minimum wage (UMK) 2024 by 15%. This figure is obtained from the Decent Living Needs (KHL) survey results and other indicators such as inflation and economic growth. On the other hand, the minimum wage increase of 15% is considered by employers to be unrealistic, considering the condition of the national economy is hit by uncertainty. The government said that determining the minimum wage based on PP 36/2021 and considering the welfare of workers/laborers’ also looks at the Company's capabilities. This paper aims to see new macroeconomic and welfare conditions due to the increase in the minimum wage by 15%. Using the general equilibrium model of static computing (CGE), the analysis results show that an increase in the minimum wage leads to a decrease in demand for labor, especially in labor-intensive sectors. The increase in wages impacts increasing household income, thus indicating an increase in household welfare. However, inflationary pressures brought about by the minimum wage increase mask the increase in revenue, resulting in a decrease in household consumption budgets. This translates into a loss of net well-being, with a more significant impact on urban households than rural households. The output of most sectors, especially labor-intensive sectors, declined, but nominal GDP increased. The increase in nominal GDP is due to rising prices, not actual economic output.
Improving the Distribution Policy of the Wage Subsidy Assistance Program (Bantuan Subsidi Upah/BSU) Tobing, Henriko; Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin; Sari, Ayu Puspita; Rizki, Fika Afiani Ri’fati; Al Ayubbi, Syaefuddin Ahrom
Bappenas Working Papers Vol 5 No 2 (2022): Juli 2022
Publisher : Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47266/bwp.v5i2.170

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Wage Subsidy Assistance Program (Bantuan Subsidi Upah/BSU) distribution in 2021, which the Government has distributed since August 2021. In contrast to the distribution of BSU in the previous year, this program targets 8.8 million workers with the amount of assistance and criteria slightly different compared to the BSU in 2020. This evaluation becomes important to find out how the process of implementing BSU distribution will be in 2021 and to provide recommendations for improving BSU distribution policies and future policies related to the distribution of similar assistance. Data were obtained from various sources, both primary and secondary. Primary data collection was carried out in five regions, namely the provinces of Banten, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java, with samples consisting of companies, Labor Offices, Labor Social Security Administering Body (BPJS TK), and Banking operators in the regions. The consideration of the research locus refers to the amount of data on BSU recipients, where Java is the region with the largest number of recipients by region. Secondary data is obtained from various scientific literature and government publication. The qualitative research method using interview guidelines as a data collection tool and root cause analysis matrices as an analytical tool was chosen to get a clear picture of the BSU distribution process in 2021. The findings concluded that the 2021 BSU distribution model was not as good as the 2020 BSU distribution model. There were three main problems within, namely 1) data validity, 2) information services, and 3) bank account opening (Burekol). The suggestions for this study are 1) to change the distribution model, which was originally through individual transfers, to be collective (through companies/institutions) and 2) if continue to use the previous model (Burekol), cooperation between field agencies (Disnaker, regional BPJS TK, and banking branch) is strengthened in an integrated system.
Transformation of the Labor Inspection System in Indonesia: Towards an Effective Centralized Model Nasution, Faizal Amir P; Trisnantari, Sita Agung; Tobing, Henriko; Yuliastuti, Ari; Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 19 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v19i3.434

Abstract

The labor inspection system in Indonesia plays a vital role in ensuring compliance with labor standards, protecting workers' rights, and creating a safe and productive work environment. However, its implementation faces numerous challenges, such as the limited number of labor inspectors, ineffective central-regional coordination, and minimal budget allocation. With an actual ratio of 1:57,000 formal workers—far below the ILO standard of 1:20,000—the labor inspection system remains suboptimal. This study aims to analyze the problems within the decentralized inspection system, evaluate the potential of a centralized inspection model, and formulate strategies and a roadmap for implementation. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, including interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and literature reviews, the study finds that a centralized labor inspection system is more effective in improving inspection standards, resource distribution, and cross-regional coordination. Benchmarking functional roles such as Family Planning Counselors and Mining Inspectors supports this recommendation. Implementation strategies include regulatory revisions, increasing the number of inspectors, improving competencies, and ensuring adequate budget provision through the national budget (APBN). A medium-term roadmap (2025–2029) has been developed to ensure a gradual and sustainable transition.
Co-Authors Al Ayubbi, Syaefuddin Ahrom Annazah, Nur Siti Ayu Puspita Sari Farizal, Nur Hazami, Muhammad Fikrie Muhyiddin Muhyiddin Nasution, Faizal Amir P Rizki, Fika Afiani Ri’fati Siregar, Syahdan Abdul Haris Trisnantari, Sita Agung Yuliastuti, Ari