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Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Pneumonia Pediatri di RSUD Bandung Kiwari Metode Gyssens Anggietha Zahra Khairunnisa; Fetri Lestari; Umi Yuniarni
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 247 - 254
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24742

Abstract. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the main causes of hospitalization in pediatric patients. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of treatment, prolong hospitalization, increase health care costs, and potentially lead to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine antibiotic use and determine the percentage of rational and irrational antibiotic use using the Gyssens method in hospitalized pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia at Bandung Kiwari Regional Hospital. This study was conducted as a retrospective analytical observational study using total sampling based on medical record data. Based on the research conducted, in hospitalized pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia at Bandung Kiwari Regional Hospital in the period 2023-2025, it showed that antibiotic use included; Cefotaxime (18,92%), ceftriaxone (18,92%), ceftriaxone + azithromycin (21,62%), cefotaxime + cloxacillin (5.41%), ampicillin (5.41%), ceftriaxone + cloxacillin (10,81%), azithromycin (2,70%), levofloxacin (2,70%), where according to the evaluation results of antibiotic use as empirical therapy according to the Gyssens method, the rational use of antibiotics (category 0) was 80.65% and the irrational use of antibiotics included in category IV C (there are cheaper antibiotic alternatives) was 19.35%. Meanwhile, the evaluation results of antibiotics as definitive therapy according to the Gyssens method obtained rational antibiotics (category 0) as much as 66.67% and irrational antibiotics included in category IV C (there are cheaper antibiotic alternatives) as much as 33.33%. Abstrak. Pneumonia komunitas (Community Acquired Pneumonia/CAP) adalah salah satu penyebab utama pasien pediatri dirawat di rumah sakit. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat mengurangi efektivitas pengobatan, memperpanjang masa rawat inap, meningkatkan biaya perawatan kesehatan, dan berpotensi menyebabkan resistensi antibiotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penggunaan antibiotik serta menentukan persentase penggunaan antibiotik rasional dan tidak rasional menggunakan metode Gyssens pada pasien pediatri rawat inap dengan pneumonia komunitas di RSUD Bandung Kiwari. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai studi observasional analitik retrospektif menggunakan total sampling berdasarkan data rekam medis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, pada pasien rawat inap anak dengan pneumonia komunitas di RSUD Bandung Kiwari pada periode 2023-2025, menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antibiotik meliputi; sefotaksim (32,43%), seftriakson (18,92%), seftriakson + azitromisin (21,62%), sefotaksim + kloksasilin (10,81%), ampisilin (5,41%), seftriakson + kloksasilin (5,41%), azitromisin (2,70%), levofloksasin (2,70%), di mana menurut hasil evaluasi penggunaaan antibiotik sebagai terapi empiris menurut metode Gyssens diperoleh penggunaan antibiotik rasional (kategori 0) sebanyak 80,65% dan penggunaan antibiotik tidak rasional termasuk dalam kategori IV C (ada alternatif antibiotik yang lebih murah) sebanyak 19,35%. Sedangkan, hasil evaluasi antibiotik sebagai terapi definitif menurut metode Gyssens diperoleh antibiotik rasional (kategori 0) sebanyak 66,67% dan tidak rasional termasuk dalam kategori IV C (ada alternatif antibiotik yang lebih murah) sebanyak 33,33%

Profil Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi pada Pasien Preeklamsia dan Eklampsia di RS X Nashwa Fika Nafillah; Bambang Tri Laksono; Fetri Lestari; Avi Admikowati
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 595 - 602
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25267

Abstract. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality that require effective blood pressure control. This study aims to describe patient characteristics and examine the profile of antihypertensive drug use based on monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia at Hospital X. The research method employed a retrospective, descriptive, observational study of 133 medical records. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the majority of patients were diagnosed with severe preeclampsia during their reproductive years (ages 25–44) and were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Based on the treatment profile, combination therapy was used more frequently than monotherapy. Overall, the most commonly used regimen was a three-drug combination (methyldopa + nifedipine + MgSO₄); the therapy administered was in accordance with clinical guidelines for managing preeclampsia and eclampsia at Hospital X. Abstrak. Preeklamsia dan eklampsia merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal yang memerlukan pengendalian tekanan darah secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik pasien dan melihat profil penggunaan obat antihipertensi berdasarkan penggunaan monoterapi dan kombinasi obat pada pasien preeklamsia dan eklampsia di Rumah Sakit X. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi deskriptif observasional retrospektif terhadap 133 rekam medis. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien didiagnosis mengalami preeklamsia berat pada usia reproduktif, yaitu 25-44 tahun dengan usia kehamilan trimester ketiga. Berdasarkan profil pengobatan, penggunaan terapi kombinasi lebih banyak dibandingkan monoterapi. Secara keseluruhan, obat yang paling sering digunakan adalah terapi kombinasi tiga obat (Metildopa + Nifedipin + MgSO4), terapi yang diberikan sudah sesuai dengan pedoman klinis dalam mengelola preeklamsia dan eklampsia di RS X.

Formulasi Gummy Candy Mengandung Cuka Apel Salsa Meika Pramudita; Gita Cahya Eka Darma; Fetri Lestari
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 637 - 644
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25319

Abstract. Apple cider vinegar is a fermented product containing acetic acid and polyphenolic compounds with potential application as an active ingredient in nutraceutical dosage forms. However, its characteristic sour taste and aroma may reduce consumer acceptability, necessitating the development of a more palatable dosage form such as gummy candy. This study aimed to obtain the optimum formulation of apple cider vinegar gummy candy through optimization of the gelling agent composition based on physical and textural evaluations. Four formulations (F1–F4) with different gelatin and pectin concentrations were prepared and evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, moisture content, pH, weight uniformity, stability, and Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). All formulations produced homogeneous gummy candies with a heart shape, pink color, characteristic apple aroma, and sweet taste. Formula 2 was selected as the optimum formulation, exhibiting a moisture content of 19.38%, pH of 4.15 ± 0.0082, an average weight of 1.5700 ± 0.0602 g, stability under cool and room-temperature storage, and favorable textural properties, including hardness of 224.58 gForce, adhesiveness of −6.63 g·s, gumminess of 233.66 gForce, and chewiness of 8614.87 gForce. These findings indicate that Formula 2 possesses suitable physical and textural characteristics for an apple cider vinegar gummy candy formulation. Abstrak. Cuka apel merupakan produk fermentasi yang mengandung asam asetat dan senyawa polifenol sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif dalam sediaan nutraseutikal. Namun, rasa dan aroma khas cuka apel dapat memengaruhi penerimaan konsumen sehingga diperlukan inovasi sediaan yang lebih praktis, salah satunya dalam bentuk gummy candy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula optimum gummy candy yang mengandung cuka apel melalui optimasi komposisi gelling agent berdasarkan evaluasi karakteristik fisik dan tekstur. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan empat formula (F1-F4) dengan variasi konsentrasi gelatin dan pektin. Setiap formula dievaluasi meliputi organoleptic, homogenitas, kadar air, ph, keseragaman bobot, stabilitas, dan Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formula menghasilkan gummy candy yang homogen dengan bentuk hati, warna merah muda, bauk has apel, dan rasa manis. Formula 2 merupakan formula optimum dengan kadar air 19,38%, pH 4,15±0,0082, bobot rata-rata 1,5700±0,0602 g, stabil pada penyimpanan suhu sejuk dan suhu ruang, serta memiliki nilai hardness 224,58 gForce, adhesiveness −6,63 g.sec, gumminess 233,66 gForce, dan chewiness 8614,87 gForce. Formula tersebut memenuhi karakteristik fisik dan tekstur yang diharapkan untuk sediaan gummy candy mengandung cuka apel.

Efektivitas Antibiotik terhadap Parameter Klinis Pasien Pneumonia Pediatri di RSUD Bandung Kiwari Nurul Azmi Fatarani; Fetri Lestari; Suwendar Suwendar
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 675 - 684
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25403

Abstract. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. The success of antibiotic therapy in patients with pneumonia is assessed not only by bacterial eradication but also by improvements in clinical parameters such as respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. This study aims to determine which antibiotics tend to be effective based on changes in these clinical parameters in pediatric pneumonia patients. The study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on medical records of pediatric pneumonia patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 40 patients met the study criteria. All antibiotic regimens showed improvement in clinical parameters during the treatment period. The greatest reduction in respiratory rate was observed with the ceftriaxone regimen followed by azithromycin, with an average decrease of 17 breaths per minute. The greatest increase in oxygen saturation was achieved with the combination of cefotaxime and gentamicin, at 17%. The greatest reduction in body temperature occurred with the combination of levofloxacin and azithromycin, at 3.1°C. Nevertheless, cefotaxime monotherapy showed the most consistent trend of effectiveness across all clinical parameters, marked by a reduction in respiratory rate of 8.6 breaths/minute, an increase in oxygen saturation of 6.7%, and a reduction in body temperature of 2.0°C, Thus, it has the potential to be one of the effective regimens for the management of pediatric pneumonia; however, its use must still take the patient’s clinical condition into account. Abstract. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. The success of antibiotic therapy in patients with pneumonia is assessed not only by bacterial eradication but also by improvements in clinical parameters such as respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. This study aims to determine which antibiotics tend to be effective based on changes in these clinical parameters in pediatric pneumonia patients. The study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on medical records of pediatric pneumonia patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 40 patients met the study criteria. All antibiotic regimens showed improvement in clinical parameters during the treatment period. The greatest reduction in respiratory rate was observed with the ceftriaxone regimen followed by azithromycin, with an average decrease of 17 breaths per minute. The greatest increase in oxygen saturation was achieved with the combination of cefotaxime and gentamicin, at 17%. The greatest reduction in body temperature occurred with the combination of levofloxacin and azithromycin, at 3.1°C. Nevertheless, cefotaxime monotherapy showed the most consistent trend of effectiveness across all clinical parameters, marked by a reduction in respiratory rate of 8.6 breaths/minute, an increase in oxygen saturation of 6.7%, and a reduction in body temperature of 2.0°C, Thus, it has the potential to be one of the effective regimens for the management of pediatric pneumonia; however, its use must still take the patient’s clinical condition into account. Abstrak. Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas pada anak di seluruh dunia. Keberhasilan terapi antibiotik pada pasien pneumonia tidak hanya dinilai dari eradikasi bakteri, tetapi juga melalui perbaikan parameter klinis seperti frekuensi napas, saturasi oksigen, dan suhu tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan antibiotik yang cenderung efektif berdasarkan perubahan parameter klinis tersebut pada pasien pneumonia pediatri. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien pneumonia pediatri yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 40 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Seluruh regimen antibiotik menunjukkan perbaikan parameter klinis selama masa perawatan. Penurunan frekuensi napas terbesar ditemukan pada regimen ceftriaxone yang dilanjutkan azitromisin dengan penurunan rata-rata sebesar 17 kali/menit. Peningkatan saturasi oksigen terbesar diperoleh pada kombinasi cefotaxime dan gentamisin sebesar 17%. Penurunan suhu tubuh terbesar terjadi pada kombinasi levofloxacin dan azitromisin sebesar 3,1°C. Meskipun demikian, cefotaxime monoterapi menunjukkan kecenderungan efektivitas yang paling konsisten pada seluruh parameter klinis, ditandai dengan penurunan frekuensi napas sebesar 8,6 kali/menit, peningkatan saturasi oksigen sebesar 6,7%, serta penurunan suhu tubuh sebesar 2,0°C, sehingga berpotensi menjadi salah satu regimen yang efektif dalam penatalaksanaan pneumonia pediatri, namun penggunaannya tetap perlu mempertimbangkan kondisi klinis pasien.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Obat Kumur Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan terhadap Steptococcus Mutans Muhammad Fauzan Mutaqien; Siti Hazar; Fetri Lestari
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 771 - 778
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25703

Abstract. Dental caries is still one of the infectious diseases that occur in the community. One of the causes of dental caries is the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The use of mouthwash can help inhibit the growth of these bacteria. In this study, an antibacterial activity test was carried out on the ethanol extract of rambutan skin (Nephelium lappaceum L) and mouthwash preparations containing ethanol extract of rambutan skin. This antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion method so that the method of subsidy. Antibacterial activity is shown by the presence of an obstruction diameter around the subsidy. The test concentrations used in this study were 5%, 10% and 20% ethanol extract of rambutan skin and mouthwash preparations of 10% and 20% of rambutan skin ethanol extract. And a chlorhexadine comparator of 0.2%. The results of the activity test showed that the extract and preparation of ethanol extract of rambutan skin had antibacterial activity with the largest inhibitory diameter in ethanol extract with a concentration of 20% of 6.59 mm and a 20% preparation with a diameter of 5.93 mm. Abstrak. Karies gigi masih menjadi salah satu penyakit infeksi yang terjadi dimasyarakat. Salah satu penyebab karies gigi adalah adanya pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Penggunaan obat kumur dapat membantu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut. Pada penilitian ini dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) dan sediaan obat kumur yang mengandung ekstrak etanol kulit rambutan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ini dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar cara sumuran. Aktivitas antibakteri ditunjukan daengan adanya diameter hambat disekitar sumuran. Konsentrasi uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak etanol kulit rambutan 5%, 10% dan 20% serta sediaan obat kumur ekstrak etanol kulit rambutan 10% dan 20%. Dan pembanding klorheksadin 0,2%. Hasil pengujian aktivitas menunjukan bahwa ekstrak maupun sediaan ekstrak etanol kulit rambutan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter hambat terbesar pada ekstrak etanol dengan konsentrasi 20% sebesar 6,59 mm dan sediaan 20% dengan diameter 5,93 mm.

Pengaruh Regimen Terapi Penyakit Jantung terhadap Kadar Kalium di RSUD Welas Asih Provinsi Jawa Barat Periode 2025 Nabila Nuzulhaq Aghnia Fahma; Fetri Lestari; Andrian Hoerul Anwar
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 967 - 974
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.26291

Abstract. Potassium balance is important to monitor in cardiovascular disease patients, as changes in potassium levels can affect cardiovascular status. Cardiac drug regimens, particularly diuretics and agents acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, may alter potassium levels through different mechanisms, yet outpatient monitoring is often insufficient. This study aimed to describe potassium levels according to cardiac drug regimens among outpatients with cardiovascular disease at Welas Asih Regional Hospital, West Java Province, in 2025. This retrospective observational study used medical records of outpatients with cardiovascular disease as secondary data. Drug regimens were grouped by drug class based on potential effect on potassium balance, and data were processed descriptively to determine the distribution and mean potassium level per group. Of 159 patients, 149 were categorized into the predefined groups. Mean potassium level was 3.91 mEq/L, with hypokalemia in 32 patients (21.48%), normal levels in 116 patients (77.85%), and hyperkalemia in 1 patient (0.67%). The loop diuretic monotherapy group showed the highest hypokalemia proportion (43.75%), while the MRA-ACEI/ARB combination group showed the highest mean potassium and hyperkalemia occurrence (5.88%). Potassium levels varied across regimen groups. Regular monitoring is recommended for patients receiving therapy that may affect electrolyte balance to support treatment safety. Abstrak. Keseimbangan kadar kalium penting dipantau pada pasien penyakit jantung karena perubahan kadar kalium dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kardiovaskular. Regimen obat jantung, terutama diuretik dan obat yang bekerja pada sistem renin-angiotensin-aldosteron, dapat mempengaruhi kadar kalium melalui mekanisme farmakologis berbeda, namun pemantauan pada pasien rawat jalan masih sering kurang diperhatikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran kadar kalium berdasarkan regimen obat jantung pada pasien rawat jalan penyakit jantung di RSUD Welas Asih, Provinsi Jawa Barat, tahun 2025. Penelitian observasional retrospektif ini menggunakan data rekam medis pasien rawat jalan penyakit jantung sebagai data sekunder. Regimen obat dikelompokkan berdasarkan golongan obat sesuai potensi pengaruhnya terhadap kadar kalium, lalu data diolah deskriptif untuk melihat distribusi dan rata-rata kadar kalium tiap kelompok. Dari 159 pasien, 149 pasien dapat dikelompokkan sesuai kelompok regimen yang ditentukan. Rata-rata kadar kalium sebesar 3,91 mEq/L, dengan hipokalemia pada 32 pasien (21,48%), kadar normal pada 116 pasien (77,85%), dan hiperkalemia pada 1 pasien (0,67%). Kelompok diuretik loop tunggal menunjukkan proporsi hipokalemia tertinggi (43,75%), sedangkan kelompok kombinasi MRA dengan ACEI/ARB menunjukkan rata-rata kadar kalium tertinggi dan kejadian hiperkalemia sebesar 5,88%. Kadar kalium bervariasi antar kelompok regimen obat jantung. Pemantauan kadar kalium berkala disarankan bagi pasien penerima terapi berpotensi mempengaruhi keseimbangan elektrolit guna mendukung keamanan pengobatan.

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