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Kajian Sistematis Aktivitas Antioksidan Kolagen dan Turunannya dari Ikan sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase Karisa Putri Alifa; Vinda Maharani Patricia; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 441 - 448
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25078

Abstract. Fish collagen and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Enzymatic hydrolysis produces collagen peptides with lower molecular weight and enhanced biological activities, particularly antioxidant activity. This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fish collagen and its derivatives while identifying evidence regarding their anti-tyrosinase potential. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and scientific publisher platforms including MDPI, Frontiers, and RSC Publishing for articles published between 2018 and 2026. Eight research articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings consistently demonstrated that collagen peptides exhibited higher antioxidant activity than native collagen, as indicated by lower IC₅₀ values and greater free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. Hydrolysis enhanced the exposure of bioactive amino acid residues responsible for electron donation and radical scavenging. In addition, two studies reported anti-tyrosinase activity of fish collagen peptides, indicating their potential application as natural skin-whitening agents. Overall, fish collagen peptides demonstrate promising antioxidant properties, whereas evidence regarding anti-tyrosinase activity remains limited and requires further investigation. Abstrak. Kolagen ikan dan turunannya merupakan biomaterial alami yang banyak diteliti karena potensinya sebagai bahan aktif di bidang pangan, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Proses hidrolisis enzimatik menghasilkan peptida kolagen dengan berat molekul lebih rendah sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas biologis, terutama aktivitas antioksidan. Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan kolagen dan turunannya dari berbagai spesies ikan serta mengidentifikasi bukti mengenai potensi aktivitas anti-tirosinase. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 menggunakan PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, serta platform penerbit ilmiah MDPI, Frontiers, dan RSC Publishing terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2018–2026. Sebanyak delapan artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peptida kolagen memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kolagen utuh, ditandai dengan nilai IC₅₀ yang lebih rendah serta kemampuan menangkap radikal bebas yang lebih baik pada pengujian DPPH dan ABTS. Proses hidrolisis meningkatkan paparan residu asam amino bioaktif yang berperan dalam mendonorkan elektron maupun atom hidrogen untuk menetralisir radikal bebas. Selain itu, dua penelitian melaporkan aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinase oleh peptida kolagen ikan. Secara keseluruhan, peptida kolagen ikan menunjukkan potensi yang menjanjikan sebagai antioksidan, sedangkan bukti mengenai aktivitas anti-tirosinase masih terbatas sehingga memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

Penelusuran Pustaka Potensi Aktivitas Antibakteri Tanaman Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam) Zahra Hana Novani; Kiki Mulkiya; Vinda Maharani Patricia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 587 - 594
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25265

Abstract. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses that can harm the human body. Antibiotics are common treatments for these diseases, but their misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance. Using plants as medicine can help reduce these side effects and combat resistance. Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) is a plant known for its medical benefits. Research shows that Moringa leaves can act as an antibacterial agent, with various parts of the plant leaves, bark, seeds, and flowers exhibiting antibacterial activity against harmful bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The effectiveness comes from bioactive compounds like flavonoids and alkaloids found in Moringa. Abstrak. Penyakit infeksi disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme seperti bakteri, virus, protozoa, jamur, atau prion yang merusak organ tubuh. Antibiotik sering digunakan, tetapi penggunaannya yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai obat merupakan alternatif untuk mengurangi efek samping dan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Salah satu tanaman dengan potensi besar adalah kelor (Moringa oleifera L.), yang memiliki banyak khasiat medis. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor dapat bertindak sebagai antibakteri terhadap berbagai bakteri, termasuk Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Aktivitas antibakteri ini berasal dari senyawa bioaktif dalam kelor seperti flavonoid dan alkaloid.

Metode Ekstraksi dan Sifat Fungsional Kolagen Berbasis Ikan: Kajian Sistematis Literatur Reisha Radyafhasa; Vinda Maharani Patricia; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 611 - 620
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25276

Abstract. Fish collagen has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to mammalian collagen because of its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, halal acceptability, and abundant availability from fish processing by-products. This study systematically reviewed the extraction methods and functional properties of fish-derived collagen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, with the final search performed on July 31, 2026. Seven primary research articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) generally produced higher extraction yields than acid-soluble collagen (ASC) while preserving the triple-helix structure. The extracted collagen exhibited a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) of 31.13 ± 0.98 g/g, SDS-PAGE profiles with α1, α2, and β bands characteristic of type I collagen, and FTIR spectra showing amide A, B, I, II, and III bands, indicating that the triple-helix structure remained intact after extraction. Overall, fish-derived collagen shows considerable potential for pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications. Abstract. Fish collagen has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to mammalian collagen because of its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, halal acceptability, and abundant availability from fish processing by-products. This study systematically reviewed the extraction methods and functional properties of fish-derived collagen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, with the final search performed on July 31, 2026. Seven primary research articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) generally produced higher extraction yields than acid-soluble collagen (ASC) while preserving the triple-helix structure. The extracted collagen exhibited a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) of 31.13 ± 0.98 g/g, SDS-PAGE profiles with α1, α2, and β bands characteristic of type I collagen, and FTIR spectra showing amide A, B, I, II, and III bands, indicating that the triple-helix structure remained intact after extraction. Overall, fish-derived collagen shows considerable potential for pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications. Abstrak. Kolagen ikan semakin banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif kolagen mamalia karena memiliki biokompatibilitas tinggi, imunogenisitas rendah, diterima secara halal, serta tersedia melimpah sebagai hasil samping industri perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis metode ekstraksi dan sifat fungsional kolagen berbasis ikan. Kajian disusun mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, dan Google Scholar, dengan penelusuran terakhir pada 31 Juli 2026. Sebanyak tujuh artikel penelitian primer memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) umumnya menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dibandingkan acid-soluble collagen (ASC) tanpa merusak struktur triple heliks. Kolagen yang dihasilkan menunjukkan Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) sebesar 31,13 ± 0,98 g/g, memiliki profil SDS-PAGE dengan pita α1, α2, dan β yang mengindikasikan kolagen tipe I, serta karakteristik FTIR berupa pita amida A, B, I, II, dan III yang menunjukkan struktur triple heliks tetap terpelihara. Secara keseluruhan, kolagen berbasis ikan berpotensi dikembangkan untuk aplikasi di bidang farmasi, biomedis, kosmetik, dan pangan.

Variasi Kadar Albumin Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) : Kajian Sistematis Literatur Zhahra Fauzhia Yusup; Vinda Maharani Patricia; Dina Mulyanti
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 763 - 770
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25697

Abstract. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) has potential as a natural albumin source for medical and nutraceutical purposes; however, reported albumin levels show wide variations. This Systematic Literature Review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines through searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar until July 31, 2026. From 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, albumin levels were reported in various units and calculation bases. In studies using percentage units (n=5), albumin levels ranged from 0.73% to 21.09%, while other studies reported in mg/g (107.28 mg/g) and mg/10g (226 mg/10g) with different calculation bases, making these figures not directly comparable. Centrifugation was the most dominant method (five articles) but showed the widest disparities due to differences in pre-centrifugation protocols. Fractionation (Cohn Process) reported the highest level (21.09%), while steaming yielded the lowest (0.73%) due to thermal denaturation. Critical factors affecting albumin levels include solvent type and pH, thermal treatment, determination methods (Biuret, Bradford-BSA, Lowry, Kjeldahl), and the use of BSA standard which may cause bias due to molecular weight differences with snakehead fish albumin. Level variations more reflect methodological differences than technical superiority of a method. Future studies are recommended to report at minimum the type and concentration of solvent, sample-solvent ratio, pH, temperature and duration, centrifugation parameters in ×g units, determination method and standard used, as well as units and calculation basis explicitly. Abstrak. Ikan gabus (Channa striata) berpotensi sebagai sumber albumin alami untuk keperluan medis dan nutraseutikal, namun kadar albumin yang dilaporkan menunjukkan variasi sangat luas. Systematic Literature Review ini dilakukan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020 melalui pencarian pada PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar hingga 31 Juli 2026. Dari 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, kadar albumin dilaporkan dalam berbagai satuan dan basis perhitungan. Pada studi yang menggunakan satuan persen (n=5), kadar albumin berkisar antara 0,73% hingga 21,09%, sementara studi lain melaporkan dalam satuan mg/g (107,28 mg/g) dan mg/10g (226 mg/10g) dengan basis perhitungan yang berbeda-beda, sehingga angka-angka tersebut tidak dapat dibandingkan secara langsung. Metode sentrifugasi paling dominan (lima artikel) namun menunjukkan disparitas terlebar akibat perbedaan protokol pra-sentrifugasi. Fraksinasi (Cohn Process) melaporkan kadar tertinggi (21,09%), sedangkan pengukusan terendah (0,73%) akibat denaturasi termal. Faktor kritis yang memengaruhi kadar albumin meliputi jenis pelarut dan pH, perlakuan termal, metode penetapan kadar (Biuret, Bradford-BSA, Lowry, Kjeldahl), serta penggunaan standar BSA yang berpotensi bias karena perbedaan berat molekul dengan albumin ikan gabus. Variasi kadar lebih mencerminkan perbedaan metodologis daripada keunggulan teknis suatu metode. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan melaporkan secara minimum jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut, rasio sampel-pelarut, pH, suhu dan durasi, parameter sentrifugasi dalam satuan ×g, metode penetapan kadar dan standar yang digunakan, serta satuan dan basis perhitungan secara eksplisit.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Amalia Nurhalida; Yani Lukmayani; Vinda Maharani Patricia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 827 - 834
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25801

Abstract. Free radicals are moleculs with unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive. If there free radicals are present in the body and trigger a chain rraction, they can cause ongoing damage. Antioxidants can reduce or halt this chain reaction by donating a atom. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a plant commonly used as a fresh vegetable by the local community and can serve as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of an ethanol extract of basil leaves. It also aims to determine total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of basil leaves. In this study, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH method, while total flavonoid content was determined using a colorimetric method. The result showed that the ethanol extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 28,47 µg/mL. The total flavonoid content od the ethanol extract was 10,66 mgQE/g extract. Abstrak. Radikal bebas merupakan molekul yang memiliki elektron tidak berpasangan sehingga sangat reaktif. Jika radikal bebas ini berada dalam tubuh yang mengadakan reaksi berantai, dapat menimbulkan kerusakan yang berlanjut. Antioksidan dapat menurunkan atau menghentikan reaksi berantai dengan mendonorkan atom hidrogen. Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) merupakan tanaman yang biasa digunakan sebagai lalapan oleh masyarakat, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar flavonoid total dari ekstrak etanol daun kemangi. Pada penelitian ini, uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH sedangkan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode kolorimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 28,47 µg/mL. Kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol sebesar 10,66 mgQE/g ekstrak.

Systematic Literature Review Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH Nasywa Tinezia Iqnita; Farendina Suarantika; Vinda Maharani Patricia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 869 - 876
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25956

Abstract. Muntingia calabura L. leaves contain various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins, which have potential as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to review the antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura L. leaves based on previous studies employing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar published between 2016 and 2026. Based on the inclusion criteria, ten original research articles were selected and analyzed descriptively the reviewed data included extraction methods, solvent types, antioxidant activity, mechanisms of action, and the bioactive compounds responsible for antioxidant activity. The findings showed that Muntingia calabura L. leaves exhibited moderate to very strong antioxidant activity based on DPPH IC₅₀ values. Variations in antioxidant activity were influenced by extraction methods, solvent types, and the bioactive compounds extracted. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified as the major contributors to antioxidant activity through their ability to donate hydrogen atoms or electrons to neutralize free radicals. These findings suggest that Muntingia calabura L. leaves have considerable potential as a natural antioxidant source for the development of herbal medicines and pharmaceutical preparations. Abstrak. Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti flavonoid, senyawa fenolik, tanin, dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antioksidan daun kersen berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) melalui penelusuran artikel pada basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar,dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2016–2026. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, diperoleh sepuluh artikel yang dianalisis secara deskriptif data yang dikaji meliputi metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, aktivitas antioksidan, mekanisme kerja, dan senyawa bioaktif yang berperan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa daun kersen memiliki aktivitas antioksidan berkategori sedang hingga sangat kuat berdasarkan nilai IC₅₀ metode DPPH. Variasi aktivitas dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, serta kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terekstraksi. Flavonoid dan senyawa fenolik merupakan komponen utama yang berperan sebagai antioksidan melalui mekanisme donor atom hidrogen atau elektron untuk menetralkan radikal bebas. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, daun kersen berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami untuk mendukung pengembangan obat herbal dan sediaan farmasi.

Pengembangan Sediaan Spray Litter Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) sebagai Antiparasit pada Pasir Kucing Kesya Almaira Syifaa; Gita Cahya Eka Darma; Vinda Maharani Patricia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 923 - 932
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.26117

Abstract. Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, which requires efforts to prevent environmental contamination. Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) contains secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential as antiparasitic. This study aims to formulate and produce physical characteristics of green betel leaf ethanol extract. This study was conducted experimentally through characterization, phytochemical screening, spray litter formulation with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%, as well as evaluation of organoleptic preparations, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, specific gravity, physical stability, and observation of cat acceptance of the use of the litter box. The results showed that the characterization of the simplicia and extract generally met the quality requirements, except for the ash content of the simplicia which was insoluble in acid. All formulas met the physical parameters, at a concentration of 1%, sediment formation occurred after storage and was less acceptable to cats. The 0.5% formula was chosen as the best formula because it had good physical stability. Thus, the ethanol extract of green betel leaves can be formulated into a liter spray preparation that meets the physical evaluation parameters of the preparation at concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5% as a basis for further research related to controlling Toxoplasma gondii contamination. Abstrak. Toxoplasma gondii merupakan parasit penyebab toksoplasmosis yang memerlukan upaya pencegahan kontaminasi lingkungan. Daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berpotensi sebagai antiparasit. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik sediaan ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental melalui karakterisasi, penapisan fitokimia, formulasi spray litter dengan konsentrasi 0,25%;0,5%; dan 1%, serta evaluasi sediaan organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, bobot jenis, stabilitas fisik, dan pengamatan penerimaan kucing terhadap penggunaan litter box. Hasil menunjukan bahwa karakterisasi simplisia dan ekstrak umumnya memenuhi persyaratan mutu, kecuali kadar abu tidak larut asam simplisia. Seluruh formula memenuhi parameter fisik, pada konsentrasi 1% terjadi pembentukan endapan setelah penyimpanan dan kurang diterima kucing. Formula 0,5% dipilih sebagai formula terbaik karena memiliki stabilitas fisik yang baik. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan spray litter yang memenuhi parameter evaluasi fisik sediaan pada konsentrasi 0,25% dan 0,5% sebagai dasar penelitian lanjutan terkait pengendalian kontaminasi Toxoplasma gondii

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