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Biosintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Gandapura Nina Destrian Azizah; Hilda Aprilia Wisnuwardhani; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 67 - 78
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24290

Abstract. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanomaterials with potential as antibacterial agents. The green synthesis method utilizes plant extracts as bioreducing agents because they contain polyphenols and flavonoids capable of reducing Ag⁺ ions into nanoparticles while simultaneously acting as stabilizing agents. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs using Gaultheria fragrantissima leaf infusion extract as a bioreducing agent. The synthesis was carried out using a 1 mM AgNO₃ solution with and without the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Characterization included phytochemical screening, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, particle size analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The leaf infusion extract contained flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and alkaloids. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a color change of the solution to brown and a UV-Vis absorption peak at 419.5–443 nm. The average particle size of the synthesized AgNPs was 83.05 nm without PVP and 66.55 nm with PVP, with polydispersity index values of 0.389 and 0.370, respectively. The infrared spectra indicated the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and other oxygen-containing functional groups in nanoparticle formation. The inhibition zone diameters were 6.27 mm against S. aureus and 5.69 mm against E. coli. Abstrak. Nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) merupakan nanomaterial yang berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri. Sintesis AgNP melalui metode green synthesis memanfaatkan ekstrak tanaman sebagai bioreduktor karena mengandung senyawa polifenol dan flavonoid yang mampu mereduksi ion Ag⁺ menjadi nanopartikel sekaligus berperan sebagai penstabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis, mengkarakterisasi, dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri AgNPs menggunakan ekstrak infusa daun gandapura (Gaultheria fragrantissima) sebagai bioreduktor. Sintesis dilakukan menggunakan larutan AgNO₃ 1 mM, dengan dan tanpa penambahan polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Karakterisasi meliputi skrining fitokimia, spektrofotometri UV-Vis, particle size analyzer, dan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sedangkan aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode difusi agar sumuran terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Ekstrak infusa daun gandapura mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, tanin, dan alkaloid. Pembentukan AgNPs ditandai dengan perubahan warna larutan menjadi cokelat dan puncak serapan UV-Vis pada 419,5–443 nm. Ukuran rata-rata AgNPs yang dihasilkan yaitu 83,05 nm tanpa PVP dan 66,55 nm dengan PVP, dengan indeks polidispersitas berturut-turut 0,389 dan 0,370. Spektrum inframerah menunjukkan keterlibatan gugus hidroksil, karbonil, serta gugus lain yang mengandung oksigen dalam pembentukan nanopartikel. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk sebesar 6,27 mm terhadap S. aureus dan 5,69 mm terhadap E. coli.

Optimasi Isolasi Albumin dari Belut (Monopterus Albus) Menggunakan Metode Heating Shock Aqilah Adelingga Wijaya; Bertha Rusdi; Arlina Prima Putri
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 95 - 104
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24540

Abstract. The swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a potential source of albumin that can be developed as a raw material for albumin isolation. This study aimed to optimize the isolation of albumin from swamp eel using the heat-shock method with variations in temperature and heating time. Optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) where temperature and time served as variables and albumin yield as the response variable. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect on albumin yield (p<0.05), whereas heating time and the interaction between temperature and time had no significant effect (p>0.05). The optimum condition for albumin isolation was predicted to be at a temperature of 80°C and a heating time of 75 minutes, resulting in an albumin yield 0,4546 %. SDS-PAGE analysis showed the presence of a protein band in the 60–72 kDa range, which was presumed to be albumin based on its molecular weight of approximately 66–67 kDa. Therefore, temperature was identified as the most influential factor affecting albumin isolation using the heat-shock method. Abstrak. Belut (Monopterus albus) merupakan salah satu sumber albumin yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku isolasi albumin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi isolasi albumin dari belut menggunakan metode heat shock dengan variasi suhu dan waktu pemanasan. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan suhu dan waktu sebagai variabel serta rendemen albumin sebagai respons. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rendemen albumin (p < 0,05), sedangkan waktu dan interaksi suhu-waktu tidak berpengaruh signifikan (p > 0,05). Kondisi optimum isolasi albumin diprediksi pada suhu 80 °C dan waktu 75 menit dengan rendemen sebesar 0,4546%. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan SDS-PAGE menunjukkan adanya pita protein pada kisaran 60–72 kDa yang diduga merupakan albumin, sesuai dengan rentang berat molekul albumin sekitar 66–67 kDa. Dengan demikian, suhu merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam proses isolasi albumin menggunakan metode heat shock.

Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Cincau Hijau Daya Fadillah; Bertha Rusdi; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 129 - 138
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24579

Abstract. This study aimed to compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extracts of green grass jelly leaves obtained by maceration and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and to determine the more effective extraction method. The results showed that the extraction yield obtained by maceration and UAE was 13.603% and 10.63%, respectively. The total phenolic content of the maceration and UAE extracts was 35.855 ± 3.08 mg GAE/g extract and 60.348 ± 6.177 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of antioxidant activity for the maceration and UAE extracts were 119.29 ± 11.384 mg/L and 82.117 ± 1.975 mg/L, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in total phenolic content (p = 0.004) and antioxidant activity (p = 0.005) between the two extraction methods. These findings indicate that UAE is more effective than maceration in producing higher total phenolic content and stronger antioxidant activity in 70% ethanol extracts of green grass jelly leaves. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol 70% daun cincau hijau hasil ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), serta menentukan metode yang lebih efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak hasil maserasi sebesar 13,603%, sedangkan ekstrak hasil UAE sebesar 10,63%. Kadar fenol total ekstrak hasil maserasi dan UAE berturut-turut sebesar 35,855 ± 3,08 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan 60,348 ± 6,177 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Nilai IC₅₀ aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak hasil maserasi sebesar 119,29 ± 11,384 mg/L, sedangkan ekstrak hasil UAE sebesar 82,117 ± 1,975 mg/L. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar fenol total (p = 0,004) dan aktivitas antioksidan (p = 0,005) antara kedua metode. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode UAE lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode maserasi dalam menghasilkan kadar fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi pada ekstrak etanol 70% daun cincau hijau.

Uji Cemaran Mikroba pada Sediaan Toner Tanpa Izin Edar BPOM Fatimah Ghaida Muthmainnah; Farendina Suarantika; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 155 - 162
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24609

Abstract. Toners are water-based cosmetic products that are highly susceptible to microbial contamination if manufacturing, storage, and distribution processes are not adequately controlled. This study aimed to analyze microbial contamination in facial toners without BPOM marketing authorization based on Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast and Mold Count (YMC). A descriptive experimental study was conducted using six samples consisting of five non-BPOM-registered toners and one BPOM-authorized toner as a comparator. Samples were selected purposively according to BPOM registration status, price, customer rating, packaging condition, and online marketplace availability. TPC was determined using Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), whereas YMC was evaluated using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) by the pour plate method. The results showed that all samples had TPC and YMC values below the BPOM maximum microbial contamination limit of <10³ CFU/mL. Therefore, all toner samples complied with the microbiological quality requirements for cosmetic products based on TPC and YMC parameters. Further studies are recommended to identify preservative or solvent components that may influence the microbial contamination test results. Abstrak. Toner merupakan kosmetik berbasis air yang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami cemaran mikroba apabila proses produksi, penyimpanan, dan distribusinya tidak memenuhi persyaratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cemaran mikroba pada sediaan toner tanpa izin edar BPOM berdasarkan parameter Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK). Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksperimental terhadap enam sampel yang terdiri atas lima toner tanpa izin edar BPOM dan satu toner berizin edar BPOM sebagai pembanding. Sampel dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan status registrasi BPOM, harga, rating pembelian, kondisi kemasan, dan sumber pembelian melalui toko daring. Pengujian ALT dilakukan menggunakan media Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), sedangkan AKK menggunakan media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) dengan metode pour plate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel memiliki nilai ALT dan AKK di bawah batas maksimum cemaran mikroba yang ditetapkan BPOM, yaitu <10³ CFU/mL. Dengan demikian, seluruh sampel memenuhi persyaratan mutu mikrobiologi kosmetik berdasarkan parameter ALT dan AKK. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen pengawet atau pelarut yang berpotensi memengaruhi hasil pengujian cemaran mikroba.

Potensi Gastroprotektif Tanaman Herbal di Indonesia Hudari Aklinia Handadly; Bertha Rusdi; Umi Yuniarni
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 383 - 390
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24957

Abstract. Gastritis is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders and may progress to gastric ulcers if left untreated. Various Indonesian herbal plants contain secondary metabolites with potential gastroprotective properties. Therefore, this article aims to review the potential of Indonesian herbal plants as gastroprotective agents through a literature review. A literature review was conducted by analyzing seven research articles retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Eligible articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and descriptively analyzed through evidence synthesis. The findings showed that various Indonesian herbal plants exhibited gastroprotective activity, as indicated by reduced ulcer formation, improved gastric mucosal histopathology, and enhanced mucosal protection. However, the available evidence is still predominantly derived from preclinical studies. Therefore, extract standardization and well-designed clinical studies are required to support the development of Indonesian herbal plants as candidate phytopharmaceuticals for the prevention and adjunctive treatment of gastric ulcers. Abstrak. Gastritis merupakan salah satu penyakit saluran pencernaan yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dan dapat berkembang menjadi ulkus lambung apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Berbagai tanaman herbal Indonesia diketahui mengandung metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memberikan efek gastroprotektif. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi tanaman herbal Indonesia sebagai agen gastroprotektif melalui literature review. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan menelaah tujuh artikel penelitian yang diperoleh dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui sintesis hasil penelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai tanaman herbal Indonesia memiliki aktivitas gastroprotektif yang ditunjukkan melalui penurunan pembentukan ulkus, perbaikan gambaran histopatologi mukosa lambung, serta peningkatan perlindungan mukosa. Meskipun demikian, bukti yang tersedia masih didominasi oleh penelitian praklinis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan standardisasi ekstrak dan uji klinis pada manusia untuk mendukung pengembangan tanaman herbal sebagai kandidat fitofarmaka dalam pencegahan maupun terapi pendukung ulkus lambung.

Perbandingan Flavonoid Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Jambu Bol dan Jambu Air Nafisky Azzarti Kusuma; Bertha Rusdi; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 517 - 526
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25156

Abstract. Malay apple leaves (Syzygium malaccense) and watery rose apple leaves (Syzygium aqueum) are known to contain flavonoids that have potential as natural antioxidants. Differences in the type and concentration of extraction solvents may affect the compounds extracted; therefore, a study comparing the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of both plants using 70% ethanol is needed. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the extracts, secondary metabolite contents, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and compare the two extracts. An experimental study was conducted using Malay apple and watery rose apple leaf extracts collected from Purwakarta. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Data were collected through extract characterization, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) complexation method, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were processed based on the measured total flavonoid content and IC₅₀ values. The results showed that the total flavonoid content of watery rose apple leaf extract was 72.528 ± 0.061 mgQE/g, higher than that of Malay apple leaf extract at 35.444 ± 0.120 mgQE/g. Watery rose apple leaf extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.512 ppm compared with 14.235 ppm for Malay apple leaf extract. Both extracts were classified as very strong antioxidants. The 70% ethanol extract of watery rose apple leaves had higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than Malay apple leaf extract. Abstract. Malay apple leaves (Syzygium malaccense) and watery rose apple leaves (Syzygium aqueum) are known to contain flavonoids that have potential as natural antioxidants. Differences in the type and concentration of extraction solvents may affect the compounds extracted; therefore, a study comparing the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of both plants using 70% ethanol is needed. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the extracts, secondary metabolite contents, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and compare the two extracts. An experimental study was conducted using Malay apple and watery rose apple leaf extracts collected from Purwakarta. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Data were collected through extract characterization, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) complexation method, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were processed based on the measured total flavonoid content and IC₅₀ values. The results showed that the total flavonoid content of watery rose apple leaf extract was 72.528 ± 0.061 mgQE/g, higher than that of Malay apple leaf extract at 35.444 ± 0.120 mgQE/g. Watery rose apple leaf extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.512 ppm compared with 14.235 ppm for Malay apple leaf extract. Both extracts were classified as very strong antioxidants. The 70% ethanol extract of watery rose apple leaves had higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than Malay apple leaf extract. Abstrak. Daun jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense) dan daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) diketahui mengandung flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Perbedaan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut dapat memengaruhi senyawa yang terekstraksi sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk membandingkan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan kedua tanaman menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak, kandungan metabolit sekunder, kadar flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan, serta membandingkan kedua ekstrak. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap ekstrak daun jambu bol dan daun jambu air yang diperoleh dari Purwakarta. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Data dikumpulkan melalui karakterisasi ekstrak, skrining fitokimia, penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode kompleksasi aluminium klorida (AlCl₃), serta pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Data diolah berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar flavonoid total dan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil menunjukkan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun jambu air sebesar 72,528 ± 0,061 mgQE/g, lebih tinggi dibandingkan daun jambu bol sebesar 35,444 ± 0,120 mgQE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan daun jambu air juga lebih tinggi dengan nilai IC₅₀ 12,512 ppm dibandingkan daun jambu bol 14,235 ppm. Kedua ekstrak termasuk kategori antioksidan sangat kuat. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun jambu air memiliki kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak daun jambu bol.

Metode Ekstraksi dan Sifat Fungsional Kolagen Berbasis Ikan: Kajian Sistematis Literatur Reisha Radyafhasa; Vinda Maharani Patricia; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 611 - 620
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25276

Abstract. Fish collagen has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to mammalian collagen because of its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, halal acceptability, and abundant availability from fish processing by-products. This study systematically reviewed the extraction methods and functional properties of fish-derived collagen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, with the final search performed on July 31, 2026. Seven primary research articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) generally produced higher extraction yields than acid-soluble collagen (ASC) while preserving the triple-helix structure. The extracted collagen exhibited a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) of 31.13 ± 0.98 g/g, SDS-PAGE profiles with α1, α2, and β bands characteristic of type I collagen, and FTIR spectra showing amide A, B, I, II, and III bands, indicating that the triple-helix structure remained intact after extraction. Overall, fish-derived collagen shows considerable potential for pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications. Abstract. Fish collagen has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to mammalian collagen because of its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, halal acceptability, and abundant availability from fish processing by-products. This study systematically reviewed the extraction methods and functional properties of fish-derived collagen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, with the final search performed on July 31, 2026. Seven primary research articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) generally produced higher extraction yields than acid-soluble collagen (ASC) while preserving the triple-helix structure. The extracted collagen exhibited a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) of 31.13 ± 0.98 g/g, SDS-PAGE profiles with α1, α2, and β bands characteristic of type I collagen, and FTIR spectra showing amide A, B, I, II, and III bands, indicating that the triple-helix structure remained intact after extraction. Overall, fish-derived collagen shows considerable potential for pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications. Abstrak. Kolagen ikan semakin banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif kolagen mamalia karena memiliki biokompatibilitas tinggi, imunogenisitas rendah, diterima secara halal, serta tersedia melimpah sebagai hasil samping industri perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis metode ekstraksi dan sifat fungsional kolagen berbasis ikan. Kajian disusun mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, dan Google Scholar, dengan penelusuran terakhir pada 31 Juli 2026. Sebanyak tujuh artikel penelitian primer memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) umumnya menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dibandingkan acid-soluble collagen (ASC) tanpa merusak struktur triple heliks. Kolagen yang dihasilkan menunjukkan Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) sebesar 31,13 ± 0,98 g/g, memiliki profil SDS-PAGE dengan pita α1, α2, dan β yang mengindikasikan kolagen tipe I, serta karakteristik FTIR berupa pita amida A, B, I, II, dan III yang menunjukkan struktur triple heliks tetap terpelihara. Secara keseluruhan, kolagen berbasis ikan berpotensi dikembangkan untuk aplikasi di bidang farmasi, biomedis, kosmetik, dan pangan.

Optimasi Sintesis Nanopartikel Tembaga (CuNPs) Menggunakan Bioreduktor Daun Katuk Nasywa Qurrotul Aini; Hilda Aprilia Wisnuwardhani; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 789 - 798
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25739

Abstract. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using green synthesis method is an environmentally friendly alternative that utilizes natural bioreductors from plants. This study aims to synthesize and characterize CuNPs by utilizing the secondary metabolite content of Sweet leaf bush extract (Sauropus androgynus(L.)Merr) such as flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins as reducing agents and stabilizers. The success of CuNPs formation is indicated by the results of UV-Vis spectrophotometry which shows a specific absorption peak of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at a wavelength of 653 nm. FTIR analysis shows a shift in the O-H functional group band to 3114.62cm-1 and the emergence of a new C-O band at 1095.46 cm-1, proving the attachment of phytochemical compounds to the surface of nanoparticles. Measurements using PSA produce an average particle size of 111.3 nm with an average PDI of 0.2132. The particle size exceeds the ideal range due to the high precursor concentration and the occurrence of slight aggregation. Based on the research results, the Sweet Leaf bushextract used still requires optimization to produce smaller nanoparticle sizes for CuNPs synthesis using the green synthesis method. Abstrak. Sintesis nanopartikel tembaga (CuNPs) menggunakan metode green synthesis menjadi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan yang memanfaatkan bioreduktor alami dari tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi CuNPs dengan memanfaatkan kandungan metabolit sekunder sari ekstrak daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus(L.)Merr) seperti flavonoid, polifenol dan saponin sebagai agen pereduksi sekaligus penstabil. Keberhasilan pembentukan CuNPs ditandai dengan hasil spektrofotometri UV-Vis yang menunjukkan puncak serapan spesifik Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) pada panjang gelombang 653 nm. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan pergeseran pita gugus fungsi O-H menjadi 3114,62cm-1 dan munculnya pita baru C-O pada 1095,46 cm-1, membuktikan keterikatan senyawa fitokimia pada permukaan nanopartikel. Pengukuran menggunakan PSA menghasilkan rata-rata ukuran partikel sebesar 111,3 nm dengan rata-rata PDI 0.2132. Ukuran partikel tersebut melebihi rentang ideal akibat konsentrasi prekursor yang tinggi dan terjadinya sedikit agregasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak daun katuk yang digunakan masih perlu dilakukan optimasi untuk menghasilkan ukuran nanopartikel yang lebih kecil dalam sintesis CuNPs melalui metode green synthesis.

Analisis Profil ADMET Bioaktif Tanaman Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Abriel shafar Faiza; Bertha Rusdi; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 941 - 948
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.26158

Abstract. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is a medicinal plant rich in secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. However, not all bioactive compounds possess favorable pharmacokinetic and safety properties required for drug development. This study aimed to analyze the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profiles of red ginger bioactive compounds using an in silico approach. Compound data were collected from the IMPPAT, KNApSAcK, and Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, followed by duplicate removal. Pharmacokinetic screening was performed using SwissADME based on Lipinski's Rule of Five (zero violations) and a bioavailability score ≥0.55. Toxicity prediction was subsequently conducted using ProTox-II with LD₅₀ ≥2000 mg/kg, toxicity class ≥5, and organ toxicity assessment. A total of 1,873 compound records were identified, resulting in 1,225 unique compounds after deduplication. Among these, 745 compounds fulfilled the drug-likeness criteria, while 372 compounds met all predefined toxicity criteria. These findings demonstrate that an in silico ADMET screening strategy is effective for prioritizing red ginger bioactive compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic and predicted safety profiles for further drug discovery research. Abstrak. Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) merupakan tanaman obat yang kaya akan metabolit sekunder dengan berbagai aktivitas biologis. Namun, tidak seluruh senyawa bioaktif memiliki karakteristik farmakokinetik dan keamanan yang memadai untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis profil Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, dan Toxicity (ADMET) senyawa bioaktif jahe merah menggunakan pendekatan in silico. Data senyawa diperoleh dari database IMPPAT, KNApSAcK, dan Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, kemudian dilakukan eliminasi duplikasi. Skrining farmakokinetik dilakukan menggunakan SwissADME berdasarkan parameter Lipinski's Rule of Five tanpa pelanggaran dan bioavailability score ≥0,55. Selanjutnya, profil toksisitas dievaluasi menggunakan ProTox-II berdasarkan nilai LD50 ≥2000 mg/kg, kelas toksisitas ≥5, serta prediksi toksisitas organ. Hasil identifikasi memperoleh 1.873 data senyawa yang setelah deduplikasi menjadi 1.225 senyawa unik. Sebanyak 745 senyawa memenuhi kriteria drug-likeness, sedangkan 372 senyawa memenuhi seluruh parameter toksisitas yang ditetapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan ADMET berbasis in silico efektif dalam memprioritaskan senyawa bioaktif jahe merah yang memiliki karakteristik farmakokinetik dan profil keamanan yang baik untuk penelitian lanjutan.

Verifikasi Metode Analisis Kadar Senyawa Metil Paraben dalam Krim Malam Pemutih Wajah Milla Putri Rizky Rahmadilla; Bertha Rusdi; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 959 - 966
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.26264

Abstract. Preservatives are substances used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The research problem addressed in this study concerns the results of method verification for determining methylparaben levels in facial whitening night creams using Preparative Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and UV spectrophotometry, as well as whether the methylparaben content remains within the permissible limit of less than 0.4%. To assess the validity of the determination methods, the study involved first separating mixture components via Preparative TLC to eliminate interference from other compounds possessing similar chromophore groups. Based on the method verification results, UV spectrophotometry demonstrated good accuracy and precision (% Recovery = 104.307%, systematic error = 4.307%, and random error = 0.213%). Analysis of the five facial whitening night cream samples yielded average methylparaben levels of 0.169% for Brand A, 0.385% for Brand B, 0.318% for Brand C, 0.152% for Brand D, and 0.344% for Brand E. The levels in all five samples complied with the usage limits for methylparaben established by BPOM (< 0.4%). Abstrak. Bahan pengawet merupakan bahan yang digunakan dengan tujuan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimanakah hasil dari verifikasi metode penetapan kadar Metil paraben dalam krim malam pemutih wajah secara KLT Preparatif dan Spektrofotometri UV serta apakah kadar Metil paraben dalam krim malam pemutih wajah masih dalam batas penggunaan yang diizinkan yaitu kurang dari 0,4%. Untuk melihat kevalidan metode penetapan kadar Metil paraben secara KLT Preparatif dan Spektrofotometri UV, penelitian dilakukan dengan pemisahan komponen campuran secara Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) Preparatif terlebih dahulu untuk mengeliminasi gangguan dari senyawa lain yang memiliki gugus kromofor mirip. Berdasarkan hasil verifikasi metode, spektrofotometri ultraviolet memberikan nilai akurasi dan presisi yang baik (% Recovery = 104,307%, kesalahan sistematik = 4,307%, dan kesalahan acak = 0,213%). Pada kelima sampel krim malam pemutih wajah yang dianalisis, diperoleh kadar rata-rata sampel merk A sebesar 0,169%, merk B 0,385%, merk C 0,318%, merk D 0,152%, dan merk E 0,344%. Kadar kelima sampel memenuhi syarat penggunaan metil paraben yang diperbolehkan oleh BPOM (< 0,4%).

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