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All Journal Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Wahid, Mardiastuti
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Characterization of Nanoemulsion Gel of Tobacco Leaves Extracts in Variation of Tween 80 and Sorbitol as Surfactant and Cosurfactant Kori Yati; Gozan, Misri; Jufri, Mahdi; Wahid, Mardiastuti
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44053

Abstract

Research showed the potential of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacco) leaves as an antifungal. The tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tobacco) have been studied to have antifungal activity. To facilitate the use of the extract, the tobacco leaf extract was formulated into a nanoemulsion gel using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as an oil phase and Tween 80: sorbitol as a surfactant and co-surfactant.  Tobacco leaves were soaked in ethanol using the maceration method, and then the liquid was taken out with a rotavapor machine. After that, the mixture was heated in a water bath (t = 85ºC) to make it thicker. Tobacco extract was identified and formulated in a nanoemulsion gel. Nanoemulsion gel was made into 3 formulas with different concentrations of Tween 80 and sorbitol. Nanoemulsion gel was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, cycling test, surface tension, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and particle size. Result of evaluation of best formula showed pH 4.52, viscosity 365-573 mPa.s, surface tension 28450±0.21 N/m, morphology spherical shape, particle size 55.1±1.3 nm, polydispersity index 0.236±0.003, and zeta potential -5.16±0.35 mV (n=3). Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the most stable formula of tobacco leaves nanoemulsion was formula R1, with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) at 6% and a surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratio of 20%:10%. Statistical analysis results for all evaluations showed that all formulas have significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).
Onikomikosis yang Disebabkan oleh Kodamaea ohmeri pada Seorang Pasien dengan Virus Imunodefisiensi Manusia (HIV) – Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Nadliroh, Siti; Wahid, Mardiastuti; Sjatha, Fithriyah; Haliman, Cliff Clarence; Widaty, Sandra; Mutiara, Rizka; Pratama, Aditya Indra; Asri, Rizkia Chairani; Adawiyah, Robiatul; Kusumaningrum, Ardiana
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 07 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i07.1895

Abstract

Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection usually caused by dermatophytes. Kodamaea ohmeri is a rare fungus that has been reported as a pathogen capable of causing onychomycosis and systemic infections. This yeast-like fungus is often misidentified as Candida sp. A complete identification is required for accurate results. Case: A 40-year-old male with HIV presented with yellow and brittle fingernails for 2 months. KOH examination of nail scrapings was performed, followed by fungal culture. The isolate was identified in parallel using the Integral System Yeast Plus, Vitek-2, MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry), and sequencing, and the result was Kodamaea ohmeri. The patient received oral itraconazole and topical ketoconazole. Discussion: Onychomycosis in HIV patients is caused by low immunity, high viral load, and low CD4 values. In this case, K. ohmeri was successfully identified using Vitek-2, MALDI-TOF, and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) area sequencing, while the Integral System Yeast Plus misidentified the isolate as Candida tropicalis. There was clinical improvement in the nail after treatment. Conclusion: Onychomycosis in HIV patients can be caused by Kodamaea ohmeri. Identification can be done with Vitek-2 and MALDI-TOF.
Co-Authors Ardiana Kusumaningrum Asri, Rizkia Chairani Haliman, Cliff Clarence Kori Yati Mahdi Jufri Misri Gozan Mutiara, Rizka Nadliroh, Siti Pratama, Aditya Indra Robiatul Adawiyah Sandra Widaty SJATHA, FITHRIYAH