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PENGARUH PROSES BLEACHING TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KAYU PINUS (Pinus sp.) TERSERANG BLUE STAIN Wijayanto, Arip; Muhamad, Soleh; Nurhanifah, Nurhanifah; Anggiriani, Siska
Tengkawang : Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 14, No 1 (2024): TENGKAWANG : JURNAL ILMU KEHUTANAN
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jt.v14i1.73414

The weakness of pine wood as a furniture material is that it is easily attacked by blue stain which causes changes in the color of the wood. In previous research, it was reported that bleaching material i.e. sodium hypochlorite 25% had a significant effect on the color change of pine wood affected by blue stain, but the effect on its physical and mechanical properties was not yet known. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of bleaching materials on the physical and mechanical properties of pine wood attacked by blue stain. Bleaching treatment was carried out at three different concentrations, namely a mixture of bleaching material and water 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Then the pine woods that has been treated with bleaching were tested for moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR)) referring to the BS 372-1957 standard. The test results showed that the bleaching treatment had a significant effect on moisture content, MOE, and MOR, but did not affect density. The moisture content of pine woods attacked by blue stains that were treated with bleaching tended to be higher than the control. Meanwhile, the lowest MOE and MOR values were found in pine wood that was treated with bleaching 2:1.Keywords: bleaching, blue stain, mechanical, pine, physical.AbstrakKelemahan dari kayu pinus sebagai bahan furnitur yaitu mudah terserang blue stain yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna kayu. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilaporkan bahwa bahan bleaching sodium hipoklorit 25% berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan warna kayu pinus terserang blue stain, namun belum diketahui pengaruh terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu pinus terserang blue stain yang diberi perlakuan bleaching. Perlakuan bleaching pada kayu pinus terserang blue stain dilakukan pada tiga konsentrasi berbeda yaitu campuran bahan bleaching dan air 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1. Kemudian kayu pinus yang telah diberi perlakuan bleaching diuji kadar air, kerapatan, modulus of elasticity (MOE) dan modulus of rupture (MOR)) mengacu pada standar BS 372-1957. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan bleaching berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air, MOE, dan MOR, namun tidak beroengaruh terhadap kerapatan. Kayu pinus terserang blue stain yang diberi perlakuan bleaching memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Sedangkan nilai MOE dan MOR yang paling rendah ditemukan pada kayu pinus yang diberi perlakuan bleaching 2:1. Kata kunci: bleaching, blue stain, fisis, mekanis, pinus.

THE INFLUENCE OF CLASSIC AND MODERN TYPES OF JOINT CONSTRUCTION ON THE STRENGTH OF WOOD-BASED PRODUCT Purwanto, Agung Ari; Rahmat, Bahtiar; Widiyanto, Wahyu; Wijayanto, Arip; Muhamad, Soleh; Mulyosari, Desy; Nurmadina, Nurmadina
Tengkawang : Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 14, No 1 (2024): TENGKAWANG : JURNAL ILMU KEHUTANAN
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jt.v14i1.75399

In furniture products, joints represented susceptible areas where damage or structural issues might arise. Consequently, selecting the appropriate joint technique was crucial to reduce the likelihood of failures in furniture joint connections. The objective of this study was to furnish insights into the failure patterns under diagonal compression loads for various wood joints (both traditional and contemporary) constructed with a Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF). The chosen joint techniques included Dowel (D), tongue and groove (T), Minifix (M), and Insert nut (N). Two compression test scenarios were implemented to evaluate the performance of each joint under external loads. The findings revealed that the Insert nut (N) joint emerged as the most preferable method, demonstrating resilience against the highest external loads and ease of installation, particularly suitable for knock-down furniture items. Conversely, the minifix joint (M) is not recommended due to its intricate construction process, and the compression test results indicated that it exhibited the lowest resistance to external loads.Keywords: Furniture, knock-down, properties, compression test.AbstrakDalam produk furnitur, sambungan merupakan area yang rentan terhadap kerusakan atau masalah struktural yang mungkin timbul. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan teknik sambungan yang tepat sangat penting untuk mengurangi kemungkinan kegagalan dalam sambungan furnitur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan wawasan tentang pola kegagalan di bawah beban kompresi diagonal untuk berbagai jenis sambungan kayu (baik yang tradisional maupun kontemporer) yang dibuat dengan Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF). Teknik sambungan yang dipilih meliputi Dowel (D), tongue and groove (T), Minifix (M), dan Insert nut (N). Dua skenario uji kompresi diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja setiap sambungan di bawah beban eksternal. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sambungan Insert nut (N) muncul sebagai metode yang paling disukai, menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap beban eksternal tertinggi dan kemudahan pemasangan, khususnya cocok untuk furnitur yang dapat dirakit. Sebaliknya, sambungan minifix (M) tidak disarankan karena proses konstruksi yang rumit, dan hasil uji kompresi menunjukkan bahwa sambungan ini menunjukkan resistensi terendah terhadap beban eksternal.Kata kunci: Furnitur, knock-down, properti, uji tekan.

PROSES BLEACHING: IMPLIKASINYA PADA PERUBAHAN WARNA DAN SIFAT FISIS KAYU KARET (Hevea Brasiliensis) TERKENA BLUE STAIN Nurhanifah, Nurhanifah; Anggiriani, Siska; Muhamad, Soleh; Wijayanto, Arip; Mulyosari, Desy; Fitrianto, Taufik Ramadhan; Widiyanto, Wahyu
Tengkawang : Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 14, No 2 (2024): TENGKAWANG : JURNAL ILMU KEHUTANAN
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jt.v14i2.79136

Blue stain can cause discoloration of wood. This causes the selling price of wood affected by blue stain to decrease in the market, especially if it is used as raw material for furniture. One type of wood that is commonly used to make furniture but is easily affected by blue stain is rubber wood. Effort that can be made to overcome this problem are by bleaching the wood attacked by blue stain. Previous research has been carried out on pine wood with various bleaching compositions. The best results in terms of physical properties and color change were obtained in 25% sodium hypochlorite treatment with a water ratio of 1:2. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct similar studies to analyze the effect of the bleaching process using 25% sodium hypochlorite on the discoloration and physical properties of rubber wood. In this research, rubber wood was treated with bleaching with a composition of 25% sodium hypochlorite:water 1:2. The results obtained showed that the wood after the bleaching process experienced an increase in brightness and a color difference compared to the control. Apart from that, the moisture content value also increases after the bleaching process.Keywords: bleaching, blue stain, rubber wood, sodium hypochlorite.AbstrakJamur pewarna (blue stain) dapat menyebabkan perubahan warna pada kayu. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan penurunan harga jual kayu yang terserang blue stain, terutama jika digunakan sebagai bahan baku furnitur. Salah satu jenis kayu yang sering dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan furnitur namun mudah terserang blue stain adalah kayu karet. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan melakukan proses bleaching pada kayu yang terserang blue stain. Penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan pada kayu pinus dengan berbagai komposisi bahan bleaching, dan hasil terbaik dari segi sifat fisik dan perubahan warna diperoleh pada perlakuan sodium hipoklorit 25% dengan perbandingan air 1:2. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian serupa untuk menganalisis pengaruh proses bleaching menggunakan sodium hipoklorit 25% terhadap perubahan warna dan sifat fisis kayu karet. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kayu karet setelah proses bleaching mengalami peningkatan kecerahan dan perbedaan warna dibandingkan kontrol. Selain itu, nilai kadar air juga meningkat setelah proses bleaching.Kata kunci: pemutihan, jamur pewarna, kayu karet, sodium hipoklorit.

Pengaruh Steam dan Variasi Lapisan Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel Hibrida Kayu Jabon dan Bambu Betung: Effect of Steam and Layer Variation on The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jabon Wood and Betung Bamboo Hybrid Particleboard Muhamad, Soleh; Wijayanto, Arip; Nurhanifah, Nurhanifah; Mulyosari, Desy; Anggiriani, Siska
Jurnal Silva Tropika Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Silva Tropika
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jurnalsilvatropika.v9i1.44191

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid particleboard fabricated from jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba) and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) with the application of steam treatment and variations in the arrangement of particleboard layers. The steam conditioning was executed via autoclaving at a temperature of 126 ºC for a duration of 60 minutes under a pressure of 0.14 MPa to improve particle quality prior to the board manufacturing process. The particleboards were architected following a face/core/back schema with three layered variations, namely jabon particleboard, hybrid jabon/bamboo/jabon, and bamboo/jabon/bamboo. The adhesive agent utilized was urea-formaldehyde (UF), applied at a proportion of 10% relative to the oven-dry weight of the particles. The dimensional specifications of the particleboards were fixed at 30 × 30 × 0.9 cm³, targeting a density of 0.6 g/cm³. The appraisal of the physical and mechanical properties was conducted in strict adherence to JIS A 5908-2003, encompassing density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. The empirical outcomes intimate that the hybrid particleboard with a bamboo/jabon/bamboo subjected to steam treatment manifested superlative performance, substantially augmenting the physical and mechanical properties made from jabon wood and betung bamboo. Keywords: betung bamboo, hybrid, jabon wood, particleboard, steam. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengkaji sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel hibrida yang terbuat dari kayu jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) dan bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) dengan penerapan perlakuan steam serta variasi susunan lapisan papan partikel. Perlakuan steam dilakukan menggunakan autoklaf dengan suhu 126 ºC dengan lama 60 menit dengan tekanan 0,14 MPa untuk meningkatkan kualitas partikel sebelum proses pembuatan papan. Papan partikel disusun dengan pola face/core/back dalam tiga variasi lapisan, yaitu papan partikel jabon, hibrida jabon/bambu/jabon, dan hibrida bambu/jabon/bambu. Perekat yang digunakan yaitu urea formaldehida (UF) sebanyak 10% dari berat kering partikel. Dimensi papan partikel adalah 30x30x0,9 cm³ dengan target kerapatan 0,6 g/cm³. Evaluasi sifat fisis dan mekanis mengikuti kriteria JIS A 5908-2003, mencakup kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, modulus of rupture dan modulus of elasticity. Hasil penelitian mengindikasi bahwasanya papan partikel hibrida dengan susunan bambu/jabon/bambu dan perlakuan steam menghasilkan performa terbaik, serta mampu meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel berbahan kayu jabon dan bambu betung. Kata kunci: bambu betung, hibrida, kayu jabon, papan partikel, steam.

The Utilization Rubber Wood Finger Joint Laminated for Furniture Application Nurhanifah; Wijayanto, Arip; Anggiriani, Siska; Muhamad, Soleh; Mulyosari, Desy
Journal of Sylva Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Sylva Indonesiana
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jsi.v8i2.18821

Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) was considered a promising alternative material in furniture manufacturing due to its favorable physical and mechanical properties, sufficient availability, and relatively high economic value. However, it lacked natural durability and was vulnerable to insect and fungal attacks, requiring preservative treatment before use. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Finger Joint Laminated (FJL) products made from preservative-treated rubber wood as a potential raw material for furniture. The research involved wood selection, preservative treatment using deltamethrin and boric acid via the vacuum-pressure method, fabrication of FJL using three adhesive compositions (PVAc, PVAc + 5% hardener, and PVAc + 15% hardener), and testing of physical (moisture content and density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture) properties according to BS 373:1957 standards. The results showed that all FJL variants met the density requirements stated in SNI 01-0608-2017. The FJL bonded with 15% PVAc and hardener achieved the highest density and exhibited superior mechanical strength. Although the addition of hardener increased the moisture content, it remained within the acceptable limit (<15%) as defined in SNI 01-0608-1989. The improvement in mechanical performance was attributed to enhanced cross-linking in the adhesive. Some mechanical failures were likely caused by uneven adhesive application. In conclusion, rubber wood treated with preservatives and processed into FJL with optimal adhesive composition demonstrated strong potential as material for furniture production

Pengaruh Proses Bleaching Terhadap Finishing Kayu Pinus Dan Kayu Karet Terserang Blue Stain: The Effect of Bleaching Process on Finishing of Pine Wood and Rubber Wood Attacked by Blue Stain Mulyosari, Desy; Wijayanto, Arip; Muhamad, Soleh; Nurhanifah, Nurhanifah; Anggiriani, Siska; Fitrianto, Taufik Ramadhan; Widiyanto, Wahyu
Jurnal Silva Tropika Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Silva Tropika
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jurnalsilvatropika.v9i1.44692

ABSTRACT One of the problems faced by the furniture industry is the attack of coloring fungi or what is commonly called blue stain. The attack of coloring fungi causes color changes so that the appearance of the wood decreases. The bleaching process is one way that can be done to overcome the attack of blue stain. The bleaching process in the industry uses the chemical white agent 250 (WA-250). However, research related to the effect of the bleaching process on the finishing of pine wood and rubber wood attacked by blue stain has not been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of the bleaching process on the finishing of pine wood and rubber wood attacked by blue stain. Finishing tests include testing the adhesion of the finishing layer (cross cut test) referring to ASTM D 3359, flexibility testing is carried out with a coin test, and hardness testing refers to ASTM D 3363. The results of this study are that the bleaching process does not affect the finishing process on pine wood and rubber wood attacked by blue stain, both those treated with bleaching and those without bleaching treatment, which are included in the same finishing quality category. Based on the adhesion test, it is included in class 4B (Good) and its flexibility gets a value of 5 (very good), while the hardness of the finishing layer is in the less category. Keywords: bleaching, blue stain, finishing, pine wood, rubber wood ABSTRAK Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh industri furnitur salah satunya adalah serangan jamur pewarna atau yang biasa disebut blue stain. Serangan jamur pewarna tersebut menyebabkan perubahan warna sehingga terjadi penurunan penampilan kayu. Proses bleaching merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi adanya serangan blue stain. Proses bleaching pada industri menggunakan bahan kimia white agent 250 (WA-250). Namun, penelitian terkait pengaruh proses bleaching pada finishing kayu pinus dan kayu karet terserang blue stain belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh proses bleaching terhadap finishing pada kayu pinus dan kayu karet yang terserang blue stain. Pengujian finishing meliputi pengujian daya lekat lapisan finishing (cross cut test) mengacu pada ASTM D 3359, pengujian fleksilbilitas dilakukan dengan coin test, dan pengujian kekerasan mengacu pada ASTM D 3363. Hasil penelitian ini adalah proses bleaching tidak mempengaruhi proses finishing pada kayu pinus dan kayu karet yang terserang blue stain baik yang diberi perlakuan bleaching maupun tanpa perlakuan bleaching masuk dalam kategori kualitas finishing yang sama. Berdasarkan uji daya lekat termasuk pada kelas 4B (baik) dan fleksibilitasnya memperoleh nilai 5 (sangat bagus), sedangkan kekerasan lapisan finishingnya kategori kurang. Kata kunci: bleaching, blue stain, finishing, kayu karet, kayu pinus

Pengaruh Bleaching Terhadap Sifat Fisis Dan Perubahan Warna Kayu Pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese) Terserang Blue Stain: The Effect of Bleaching on Physical Properties and Color Change of Blue Stain-Infected Pine Wood Anggiriani, Siska; Wijayanto, Arip; Nurhanifah, Nurhanifah; Muhamad, Soleh; Mulyosari, Desy; Widiyanto, Wahyu; Fitrianto, Taufik Ramadhan
Jurnal Silva Tropika Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Silva Tropika
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jurnalsilvatropika.v9i1.44803

ABSTRACT Pine is one of wood species that widely used as raw material for furniture making. Pine is easy to obtain, easy to work with, and has distinctive colors and patterns. However, pine is susceptible to being attacked by contaminating fungi (blue stain) on its surface. Blue stain attack wood surface is a problem that must be solved due to its effect on wood appearance. The idea to restrain this problem is bleaching process. Bleaching process carried out in this study used 25% sodium hypochlorite which was dissolved in water in a ratio of 1:2 (w/w). The bleaching process carried out has a significant effect on moisture content (MC) of pine wood, but does not have a significant effect on its density. The MC value of pine wood after bleaching tends to increase compared to the untreated wood. The color change of pine wood after bleaching is indicated by the ΔE value (3.0 < ΔE < 6.0) which is classified as a moderate effect. The color of the control pine wood was originally slightly desaturated orange and after bleaching it became slightly desaturated orange Keywords: bleaching, color change, finishing, furniture, pine. ABSTRAK Pinus merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan furnitur. Hal ini karena Pinus mudah mudah didapatkan, mudah dikerjakan, dan memiliki warna dan corak yang khas. Namun, Pinus rentan terserang jamur pengotor (blue stain) pada permukaannya. Serangan blue stain pada permukaan kayu merupakan permasalahan yang harus diatasi karena adanya seranagn blue stain dapat mempengaruhi penampilan kayu. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah melakukan proses bleaching. Proses bleaching yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan sodium hipoklorit 25% yang dilarutkan menggunakan air dengan perbandingan 1:2 (b/b). Proses bleaching yang dilakukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air (KA) kayu pinus, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatannya. Nilai KA kayu pinus setelah bleaching cenderung meningkat dibanding kontrolnya. Perubahan warna kayu Pinus setelah bleaching ditunjukkan dengan nilai ΔE (3,0 < ΔE < 6,0) yang tergolong pengaruhnya sedang. Warna pada kayu pinus control semula berwarna slightly desaturated orange dan setelah bleaching menjadi slightly desaturated orange. Kata kunci: bleaching, finishing, furnitur, perubahan warna, pinus.

IMPACT OF STEAM TREATMENT ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID PARTICLEBOARD SENGON WOOD AND BETUNG BAMBOO Muhamad, Soleh; Widiyanto, Wahyu; Ramadhan, Zaky Oktavian; Mangurai, Silvia Uthari NM
Tengkawang : Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 15, No 2 (2025): TENGKAWANG : JURNAL ILMU KEHUTANAN
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jt.v15i2.94760

This objective of this research was to assess the mechanical and physical properties of hybrid particleboard made from sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana) and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) treated with steam and used different ways of combining particleboard layer. Steam treatment was performed in the autoclave at 126 ºC for 60 minutes at a pressure of 0.14 MPa. The particleboard combinations were made based on face : core : back with three types of combinations, namely sengon particleboard, sengon : betung : sengon particleboard, and betung : sengon : betung particleboard. The boards were made of 30x30x0.9 cm³ dimensions using urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive to achieve density of 0.6 g/cm³. JIS A 5908-2003 were used as references for the physical and mechanical properties examination. The resulting density and MC values were 0.61-0.63 g/cm³ and 10.18-10.85%, while the WA and TS values were 50.79%-74.07% and 8.81-21.84%. The MOE and MOR values produced were 331-1642 MPa and 4-12 MPa. From this study we can conclude that the hybrid particleboard made from a combination of betung : sengon : betung treated with steam was the most superior and proved to improve the mechcanical and physical properties of hybrid particleboard from sengon wood and betung bamboo. Keywords: betung bamboo, hybrid, particle board, sengon wood, steam. Abstrak Tujuan studi ini yaitu mengevaluasi sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel hibrida kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dan bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) melalui pengolahan steam dan variasi kombinasi lapisan papan partikel. Pengolahan steam diterapkan dengan autoklaf pada suhu 126 ºC selama 60 menit dengan tekanan 0,14 MPa. Kombinasi papan partikel dibuat berdasarkan face : core : back dengan 3 jenis variasi kombinasi yaitu papan partikel sengon, papan partikel sengon : betung : sengon dan papan partikel betung : sengon : betung. Perekat urea formaldehida (UF) digunakan untuk membuat papan dengan ukuran 30x30x0,9 cm3 dan kerapatan target 0,6 g/cm3. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel hibrida diterapkan berdasarkan ketentuan JIS A 5908-2003. Kerapatan dan KA yang dihasilkan yaitu 0,61-0,63 g/cm3 dan 10,18-10,85%, Nilai DSA dan PT yang dihasilkan yaitu 50,79%-74,07% dan 8,81-21,84%, Nilai MOE dan MOR yang dihasilkan yaitu 331-1642 MPa dan 4-12 MPa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa papan partikel hibrida kombinasi betung : sengon : betung dengan perlakuan steam merupakan papan partikel yang paling unggul dan terbukti dapat memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel hibrida kayu sengon dan bambu betung. Kata kunci: bambu betung, hibrida, kayu sengon, papan partikel, steam

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